COLLECTING CHINESE
PORCELAIN.
(Continued from Page 1.
or mottled with parpio. The pieces (which are most sought after are the shallow blub-bows, cach of which should have its own saucer to match it in colour and size. The glaze of these bowls is rich fambe, being composed
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JUNE 27, 1931.
ENGINEERING AND BUILDING
WEST.
IRRIGATION IN SHANSI
་་་་
NILE DELTA DRAINAGE.
SCHEME OF LAND
RECLAMATION,
THE NEW FARMER: ELECTRICITY.
STRIKING RESULTS OF
EXPERIMENTS.
A practical demonstration of the was given last month at Greater application of electricity to farming Folcourt, near East Grinstead,
reds, purples, bluca EAST AND There were many factories scat tered over the country during the and wonderful effect, Sung period and each produced its distinctive ware. There is enough historical evidence available to allow us to identify five or six of these factories: Reference here will only be made to those types which the collector will be likely to come across in Hong Kong. The com monest of these is Celadon, but some skill, is required to distin- guish Sung Celadon from Ming. The pasto
is of greyish-white colour, only to be seen, of course, at a fracture for where it has been left unglazed it has been burnt reddish-brown, rather darker than the Ming. The glaze is shining.". smooth and thick, and the colour ranges from grass-green to grey. Where there is a design-it is much simpler than the more intricate
From time to time one can manage to find an example of the delightful tea-cups and bowls made
The Wei Pei irrigation scheme is at Chien-un in Fukien. They are being pushed forward and may be of thick, porcellanous stoneware completed by next July--it de-
A large drainage scheme which in which is of a very dark reddish pends on whether the dam across the Ching River enn be built be colour where it has been exposed for the divor rison. When finish being undertaken by the Egyptian to the fire. The glaze is thick and ed, approximately one million mou Government has as its object the
Results of the most encouraging | ends in rolle and thick drops short of land will come under irriga reclamation of the land, which is tion: The schome, which will do
at present unsuitable for agricul-kind have, it is claimed, followed of the base. In colour it is a
much to prevent famine in a con-
experiments conducted there by Mr. Inscious blue-black and is streaked siderable, section of the Wei Valture because of the high percentage I. Boriase Matthews with special. of anlt contained in the soil, in a plant designed for agricultural pur- and mottled with golden-brown.ley, is costing $1,000,000.
belt about 100 miles wide from eaat poses and installed by the General THE SHANNON-SCHEME.
to west and from 23 miles to 10 Electric Co., Ltd. This, marking has been compared to
miles in depth, atretching across the the fur of a hare, or the feathers
northern part of the delta from of a partridge,
Alexandria to Port Said.
T
Ming ones.
Ying" Ohing,
The Shannon electricity scheme is working according to plan. There are other Sung wares Practically all the current used in which, with the exception of Tz't the Irish Free State is now gen Chou, have not been poperly claasi-orated at the Shannon works, in- fied, but, if the types already men. tioned are studied, there will be no great difficulty in recognising them as Sung..
Another type, of which it is fair-
In 1980 the whole of China was ly easy to acquire moderate speci- mens, is Fing Ching This consistas added to the Empire of the Mongols chiefly of bowls and saucers of fine under the famous Kublai Khan porcelain" covered with a soft-look- dug, bubbly glaze varying in tone with whom begins the Yuan Period. from greenish-white to palo blue. This lasted only until 1308. The Tho hest Fing Ching ware is very ceramic output seems to have re- thin and is highly translucent mained the same as during the Often the bowls and saucers have Sung Dynasty, and one cannot with been fired upside down and so the ang confidenes say that any par base is glazed, while the mouth rimticular piece is Yuan, though it is is raw and often of an orange
very probable that the wares mode during this time were coarser and lacked the refinement of the Sung..
colour. This rim is frequently hidden by a motal collar. Where decoration is used, it consists of floral or animal designs moulded in relief or incised in the paste.
PANGANI POWER SCHEME,
Similar to the Ting Ching ware is the Ting, which also largely consists of bowls and saucers of fine An important schemo for develop porcelain, covered with a white munt of electrical power from the glaze which resembles ivory in Pangani Falls and for the supply texture and colour. The best de- of electicity to Dar es Salaam the Contral signs used are incised and represent and other towns on flowers or animals These are Railway has, secured the British East Africa Government authority drawn in few lines and are notable for their freedom and boldness.and is about to be carried out; it These Ting wares usually have will involve an expenditure of not glazed bases and the mouth-rim less than £750,000 of British capital bound in copper.
and possibly of £1,000,000. Hope has grown more rather than less that important mineral discoveries The most prized of all the Sung may be made, but nothing ont- wares, at any rate by European standing was notified during 1930 collectors, is the Chan and very though gold production increased high prices are paid for good and coal was found in various arens, on the other hand, a Bri- specimens. The small collector will be lucky to obtain even a damagedish company holding prospecting example of this type. The glaze is very thick and often ends in rolls and drops as it reaches the base, In calour it varies from opalescent grey to lavender, mostly splashed
The Chun.
SHIPBUILDERS,
SHIP REPAIRERS, BOILER MÅKERS, FORGE MASTERS, OXY-ACETYLENE AND ELECTRIC WELDERS, MECHANICAL AND
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS.
rights over extensive areas went into liquidation, thus disappoint. ing those who had believed that it would contribute substantia: to the development of the Territory,
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eluding that for the lighting of Dublin and other uities and towns, the working of the Dublin and Cork tramways, and power in the Ford factory in Cork. The Drumm bat tery is still being tested, and hopes are high that it will ultimately render possible a great extension of the use of electrility for trana
port purposes.
THE EMPIRE'S "GOLD,
The reclamation is, to be effected by flooding the salty land with fresh Nile water by means of a system of canals. This water will per- colate through the soil, and even- tually and its way, carrying with it the salt in solution, to a system of drains, cut at a slightly lower level than the canals, which will dia. charge into the lakes of Edku, Burullus, and Menania, or directly into the sen. Because of the con- figuration of the land this washing and drainage process can, to some extent, be carried out naturally by gravity but would be enormously In spite of the talk of a short-accelerated if the level in the draina age of gold, the actual production were lowered by even a few feet. High capacity low lift pumpia". of the metal in 1930 showed
stations are therefore to be install slight increase. Corrected returns
near the outlets of the draine so as are not yet available, but the world's output for that year will to lower the water level in the probably amount to 120,100,000c., drains. The dischargee from the or about 400,000oz. more, than in pumping stations will remain at 1929. The maximum outputs ever the same levels as those of the lakes recorded were in the years imme- and the sea, except for the slight diately before the War; production gradient created by the increased in 1913 being 24,000,0000z., of which discharge.
produced the British Empire 13,000,000oz., or 67.9 per cent. Last year the Empire's contribution was 14,800,00002., or approximately 2 por cent.
mining
Pumping Equipment.
Electricity has been utilised för all processes which entail machinery and for many tasks hitherto per- formod manually,
Among the most striking uses made of electricity is for curing hay in the stack instead of in the field.
Uses of Light,
When the stack, is built, chambera are left in it so that air may be forced through the stack by electric All risk of fire is thug fana eliminated, and the grass may be cut, carted, and stacked all in the same day.
In addition to the driving of all usual farm machinery, either direct from electric mains, or by small portable motora, extensive use is Both horses and cows are given made of light. ultra-violet ray treatment with beneficial effects..
Young chickens, also, after being, hatched in an electric incubator, are tenderly cared for at a proper and constant temperature by "clec- tric foster-mothers."
The possibilities of bluffing nature with artificial daylight and sunshine are fully exploited,
Bees are deluded into the belief that summer is much earlier now-a- days, and chickens are encouraged. by the judicious manipulation of electric lighting, to keep far earlier and later hours than nature does" herself.
Burning the candle at both ends' has the paradoxical effect of making the hons scratch and exercise with greater zest, and even of increasing their activity in the matter of laying eggs. N
Crops and vegetables also, it is claimed, show remarkable improve. ment if electric cables Are passed through the soil.
The pumping stations, of which there are to be 15. will be electrical: ly operated, power being supplied from three generating stations at present under construction at Aft, Balqas, and Seru. These stations MINING IN NEW ZEALAND.
will be connected by a double trans- mission line with switching stations New Zealand
has and brunch lines, to the various become a settled industry rather pumping stations, and provision is than a fortune-seeker's, adventure.also made for tapping the line for The cutput of gold and silver stil the supply of energy to various has an annual value exceeding towns. The transmission system £500,000, but hopes of new rich will be operated initially at 33,000 discoveries augmenting that out- volta 3-phase 50 cycles, but provision put are not now widely hold Coal is made for later operation at 60,000 mining, recently threatened with a volts. For the equipment of the diminution of prosperity through transmission line switching stations the extended use of water-power the Metropolitan Vickers Electrical and oil fuel, has now a better out- Compally are acting as sub-contrat look. Experiments in blending tors to Messrs. Siemens Brothers will connect the Sera power station have been successful in increasing & Co., Woolwich, who are the main to the transmission line. This sub the demand for New Zealand coal contractors for the transmission station will also be of the outdoor for gasmaking and the railwaya, system. Thirteen outdoor switching type, and its equipment will com and an annual output of 2,500,000 stations are to be provided, and prise three 620 kv.a. 11,000-33,000 tons is absorbed, Following, inves the equipment in general comprises and 60,000 volt transformers and. tigation of various carbonization of circuit-breakers, air-break cir- 63,000 volt switchgear, including 10 processes a plant has been installed cuit breakers, isolating wicthes, oil circuit-breakers together with for carbonization, tar-distillation protective equipment, and structur-isolating switches, protective gear. and briquetting treatment of slackal steelwork.
and structurai seel.. from four of the principal collieries in the Waikato coalfield. It is probable that this lead in economic,
The various pumping stations, for troatment will be followed in other which the Metropolitan Vickers folds. Other mineral industries Electrical Company are supplying which show prospects of develop the switchgear, transformers, mo ment are iron-smelting at Omickaka, tors, and control and reduction in Nelson, quicksilver mining in gears, in addition to the trans North Auckland (on a claim pros-mission line switchgear, are planned pected
on behalf of Imperial to deal with maximum discharges Chemical Industries and now be ranging from four to 23 cabie ing worked by a company) and metres a second, under heads of sulphur mining at White Island. from 1.5 to three metres. The Exploration, and borning for petro pumpe, for which Messrs. Vickers leum have in recent years been
Armstrongs will be responsible, will carried out systematically, but at be of the Gill axial flow type, and the time of writing it cannot be of three capacities--10, 5, and 2 stated definitely whether the quest cubic metres a second. The number will be successful.
of pumps in the stations will range from three to eight, and there, will be 68 in all. The normal total dis- charge of all the stations will be 195 cubic metres a second, but can be greatly increased if necessary.
The pumps will be individually French Indo-China shows a ra- ther remarkable road development, driven by 650 volt slip-ring motors, considering the comparatively small ranging from 80 h.p.. "to 400 h.p.
The motors will all operate at number of automotivo vehicles in the country. The total mileage is rp.m. and will transmit their drive reported as 18,931, of which 8,030 through double helical single-reduc miles are classified as colonial and Lion gears of various ratios, the 13,901 miles as local. Of the co.ont-average being about five to one. al reads, 4,015 miles are paved, The pumps are to work with the 1,184 miles are graded and passable propeller shaft axis inclined at for more than six months, in45deg. to the horizontal, and con the
263 miles sequently the motor and reduction Rear units will also be mounted at are either under construction or impassable for automo this, angle, a special design of bed- biles during more than six months Plate being used for the purpose. of the year. The local roads, total In addition to the main mators a 13,001 milos, of which 4,875 miles number of 220 volt motors will be station for To paved, 5,058 graded, and 3,971 installed in each miles under construction or im auxiliary purposes.
ROADS IN FRENCH INDO. CHINA.
passable during aix months of the station will also include an outdoor The equipment for each pumping year. Approximately 83,030,000 was spent on the roads of French sub-station comprising transformers Indo-China during 1020, the latest and switchgear for taking power. year for which figuros are avail-from the high voltage transmission able. There are no revenues spool system. Two duplicate main trans- Really oarmarked for rond werk.formers will be supplied for each Funda are derived from the general, station, each of sufficient capacity local, and provincial budgets, The to carry the full lond of all the establishment of a bureau of bigh motors in the station. The trans ways, with its own budget, is now formers will be arranged to taiso power at either 33.000 volta or '06,000 being considered.
volts and to give their out at at 850 vols. The capacities of the trann formers for the various stations range from 400 to 1,600 kv.a. Two auxiliary transformers rated at 20 kv.*,, 050-220 volts, will also be provided for aach pumming station. In addition, the Metropolitan- Vickers Company are supplying the in the Union, witchgear and step-up transformer
There is a strong tendoney in favor of the use of asphaltic ma- terials in burfacing roads The inspector generals has announced his intention to replace many of the crushed stone ronds with pene: tration asphalt on account of the "of" main- reported smaller cost tenance
All rond building"
of Inda,China in under direct equipment for a sub-station which supervision of the Government (Continued on next Column).
Haig
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