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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 22, 1931.
BRITISH NEWSPAPERS: THEIR DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS.
ADDRESS BY MR. R. T. BARRETT TO HONG KONG ROTARY CLUB.
WHAT THE LOCAL PRESS DOES FOR HONG KONG,
At yesterday's meeting of the Rotary Club, Rotarian R. T. Barrett, Managing Director of The Hany Kong Daily Press, Ltd., was the speaker, his subject being Journalism." A brief review was given of the development of the British newspapers, "ne part of the process called the Industrial Revolution. Mention was nie made of the effect of the increased uso of newspapers for advertis ing purposes, in improving the all-round quality of the Press..
A brief review was given of the functions of the local Press, emphasis being inid on the fact that only through the papers could the public know what the Government and its servants were doing, And again, the Press served the Government well by giving re sponsible news, and nailing, down, rumours.
In conclusion, Mr. Barrett expressed thanks for the support that Hong Kong had always given to the Press, and asked that this support should be continued as they could find that: "It is gced business and good statesmanship as well,"
The President, Sir W. W. Hornell, was in the Chair and visitors included the three members of the Currency Cominission, Messrs. W. H. Clegg,, P. H. Ezechiel and Mr. G. L. M. Clauson,
Early Days of Britian Papers. Mr. Barrett said;-
What Mr. Gladstone Said, Most of us are old enough to re- The title of my address should member uwajiapers of 30 and 40 be newspapers rather than journ years ago. They were pretty solid alism, and I might add, British naffairs-small headlines, small type newspapers, but the distinction is and most of it rather stodgy read- small and as the poet puts it, aling. When Mr. Gladstone made! rose by any other name would smell
kweet.
I shall to-day first say something about newspapers in general and then refer to our papers in Houg Kong.
one of his great Midlothian speeches a Scottish paper on the top of column one of page one put a small line: Mr. Gladstone at Edinburgh (I think it was. Edin- burg) and then followed column Newspapers, like maty ether after coluinn, without any sort of amenities of modern life, are the break, of that Grand Old man's product of the great process called mighty oration. Think to-day of the the Industrial Revolution, and, like streamer headlines right across the the Industrial Revolution their de top of the pag, of the brief sum velopment was hastened, forced one may in large type, across two might say, by the Napoleonic Wars, columns, of the display of one or In ancient Rome news bulletins of two striking phrases, of the Four- battles and campaigns were posted teen points from Mr. Gladstone's on public buildings, but the trub Speech," of the Six Striking newspaper is a child of printing.
The days of the wars, and the there except a full report of what Everything would be polition) erises of the time of William Mr. Gladstone said. IV. and of Anne, when Marlborough The Victorian newspaper
+4
HONG KONG STOCK MARKET.
CROUCHER & CO.'S DAILY REPORT.
The market closed strong. Ropes spurted to 816,00 business done. Whoris 8105.00 and Providenta 85.85 old, and 82.03 for new.
Lands were in favour with buyers offering 87.25 and Humphreys at 817.10.
Realtys were inquired for at $11.35 without any shares offering. Ewos are on the easy side with sel lera at $14.70, Trams are difficult to obtain at 818.16 and Dairy Farms are wanted at $26.25,
Ferries are also in demand at 204.00 Lights were very irregular. After opening nt $26.50 cash big- ers, they declined to $26.95 at which rate further, shares may be obtained The forward rate is, $20.30 buyerk for June with sellers at $20.75. Electrics were done at 978.30 and Telephonea nt $44.00.
Cements continued in request at 818.90 July, at which rate further business was done, the cash rate improved to 818.50 with no shares in evidence,
"
Steamboats are in strong demand at 826.30 and more would be paid if any shares were in the market
Unions and Banks were quiet at 8025,00 and $2045.00 respectively.
Advertizing.
I now want to say something of an important feature of newa- papers, namely advertising. For merly advertising was a very sober you may remember in Arnold Ben and restrained affair. Some of
nutt's Old Wives Tale the mid- Victorian draper, who, greatly daring, plneed a big name board over
was the intional here, first saw re-solid and masculine. It deals with
WAS no bush." Various articles sold in
gular publications in Londons of newspapers, many of them more broadsheets of political abuse. Defoe, the author of Robinson Crusoe, was an editor and publish ed his Review three times a week. There was the brilliant cycle of the Spectator, Tatler and later Dr. Johnson's Idler and Rambler, Int they were not daily publications giving the events of the known world, and there was no method of distributing them quickly, beyond
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Cable Services: Recent Fogotiations.
A word as to cable services. Our
were once mainly announcements his shop. Advertisements of theatre performances of legal want to say something of the In the few minutes left for me, notices, auctions, shipping, move meals and the statements of banks.
British Press in Hong Kong. The main source is from Reuters, that There was very little suggestion of China Mail was founded in 1845 great British agency. During the "pushing goods," merits, real and Imaginary, or of
of shouting and the Hang Kang Daily Preis War, for propaganda purposes,, the Englishman's motto was, as we sity for newspapers was felt in local papers indirect and generous cajoling people into buying. The in 1847, which shows that the necesHong Kong Government gave the know to our cost "Good wine needs very early days of the Colony. And chemists' shops started the new if the Colony could support two politics and business, in law courts, advertising, There is no need to particularly great murder trials
papers then, surely four daily. like the Meyrick and Penge cases, with cricket and the minor wars
Papers and a Sunday paper are not too much now. The groat June- of the Empire. It was not a thing
tion of a newspaper is to give na for women, and women did not
accurate and complete a picture as bother their pretty heads about the
possible of what is going on in the world." When each town and, even vilage was self contained, news was a luxury for a commercial necessity: emporium like Hong Kong it is a is our mental electric light; we could not carry on in the dark. We must know what in happening in Canton, in China, m the world, for all these things directly effect us. There are several sources of information but for all of you the newspapers are the most comprehensive at the most im There is another aspect, local
DIJETA.
Lord Northelle's Influence. Modern British journalism, as far as any immense movement enn he traced to one man, must be traced, for praise and larne to the Inte Lord Northcliffe.
Whether
do more than mention what ad- British Medical Association, for vertising has done, despite the certain pills and powders and ointments. Pear's Bopp, Bovril, Melin's food, Navy cut tobacco and Nestles milk, all excellent products, owe an enormous debt to advertising and they were all pioneers in publicity. they sought the newspapers or the newspapers sought them it imma terial-probably it was a mutual Wars Create News-Hunger,
Lord Northcliffe. realised that advance and embrace, Northcliffe national education had created was again' early in the field, and During the Napoleonic Wave, an invagisse 4011fte af polen drew in the big drapery firms, and which effected the life of the ortial newspaper renders. There furnishing firms, making postal diniy people, and roused their were men and women, not very shopping a matter of profit to all interest, in a manner that no former well educated, but with scraps of except the small local trader. wars had done, there grew an im- time scattered about the day which mense hunger for news. England could be very well filled in by rend-attention to advertising, for it is
Every paper now pays the greatest | portant. wanted to know what Nelson and ing a newspaper, And Northcliffe on advertising that papers live. The news. We all like to see printed ne Cornwallis, Moore and Wellington was partially clever in his ap-nmount from sales is only acounts of our own and other peoples were doing, and what the Govern peal to women renders. It was the ment was up to, and wint is Daily Mail that made English chief Charles James Fox was brew. women readers of newspapers. ing,
Propaganda
Lord Northelife also saw that a The Morning Post was founded in new type of journalist was needed, 1772, and the Time in 1785, but it and here his genius was never more was the wars of the French Revolu- right. Anyone who UNT Jean tion that enabled them to get a shorthand, can tako down Mr. grip on the nation. About this time | Gladstons, or
court
case, and Macadam's ronds were being made transcribe it; but the Daily Mail and conch services started, and and other papers of the same kind, the population was growing More needed men who could write a men were learning to read, the coluran, or half column, summary papers were getting out into the making vivid a long and often Provinces, and a few provincial dull day's proceedings. journals wero sing started. The special interest to us here of the early history of the British Press, Newspapers have always been in that we see around us the propagandist. Dr, Johnson na Chinese nation pussing, through its good Tory in "reporting" House of industrial Revolution, and the Commons debates saw that the growth, with it, of a new, Chinese Whig dogs got the worst of it. Ro Press. It enables one to under- portera, by the way, generally have stand many of the difficulties with to construct what an extemporare whích Chinese pápers are faced. speaker intended to say-personal- ly I have been accused of going Effect of Railways and Telegraphs. further and writing what I think It is not necessary for me to trace he ought to have said-but what- in detail how the newspapers siezed ever my victima may have thought on inventions and development. I have only had one complaint. The railways opened new
However, to get back to pro- ibilities for distribution, the postpaganda, Northcliffe got the iden office and the reducing of postal of making his readers dance to his rates also made new subscribers tune--I don't know how far he From being, London merely introduced it from America, affairs only the leading newspapa's but he initiated the idea of making now educated people all over Eng: people eat standard bread, grow land as potential readers. The in-sweet peas, and indulge in other vention of the electric telegraph pursuits, including aviation. started a new era in the quick That propaganda process was supply of distant news. The tele developed in the War. It was an graph made it possible to get quick intensive Press propaganda that and reliable intelligenes of wars outed Mr. Asquith, it was turned and revolutions in all parts of the
an Lord Kitchener, and also ou world, Think of the advance the Jellicoe and Robertson. But the telegraph meant upon the old ra
statesmen who is generally said to linn upon letters and travellers have been behind it, has reason to a real interest in world affairs, We all know the lengths to which tales. The newspapers could arous regret that he started the process they no longer concentrated, like that Press propaganda has gone 18th century journals, unon London recently It is an usurpation of politics, Old Bailey and Tyburn power that does not belong to the proceedings, and very witly and Press and most injurious to the spiteful gossip about the Royal best interests of hostingers and Dukes, actresses and other cele newspaper-men. It is to be hoped brities There was loss and gain that it will be stopped. but I think the gain predominated. (Continued on next Column.)
accessible.
poo-
sistance in getting a very full telegraphic service. When I was ät the Imperial Press Conferences in London last summer, the repre-... sentative of Reuter, Sir Rhoderick Jones, told me that this Far East- ern service was maintained at n foss, It was therefore something of a shock to learn, when I returned hero, that the Government, for very good reasons, about which much can be said, for and against, had decided to withdraw their assist- ance. The problem was what surt of servies would Reuter maintain? For nearly six months now, Rotari- an Wylie, Mr. Wilson of the Nows paper Enterprise, Ltd., and myself, have been negotiating with Reuters, and, thanks largely to the sagacity and persistence of Mr. Wylie, whi acted as our Chairman, Reuters have given a very generous con- tinct, so generous that I do not think you will notice much differ- ence in our cable servic
Do not, however, forget that this service is a very heavy sterling commitment and that our paper and machinery are also sterling commitments,
fraction of the revenue. But the advertiser is caught by circulation. and sport of all kind in which we weddings, of concerts and pinya, Not always by big numbers but have taken part. In this Colony advertisement, Panch, with a com- municipalities and wo do not want by the return he gote from the where we have no politics, and no paratively small circulation is of either for reasons which I need immense value for advertising the not stress-the papers are really nerds of the well-off einases. Coun- the only souréo of information try Life is the paper in which to that you have of what the Govern-nationalities or eight if you includ advertise an Elizabethan Mansion ment is going. in the, Ebirea Country Life's cir. culation, probably of a few thous ands, is worth for that particular article all the millions who road the News of the World. On tho other hand the News' of the World
is the place for patent medicines that claim to cure the ills of the of the masses, or for any article that appeals to a wide circle of readers of moderate and small meana. I have given the extreme cases to show the principle of newspaper advertising.
Good Writing.
Need in Absence of Elected Authorities,
A. Hong Kong newspaper staff ia, among other things a League of Nations in miniature. In my own small team there are six different Scottish and Iriah as distinct, working together, I think I can sny very anicalle indeed, and what- ever the disadvantages of dewa- always to hand, and those who do paper work may be, recruits are leave generally keep in touch.
You inay get inside knowledge of this or that but it is the papers done by all branches of the Goy that tell you what is being said aud
Thanks for Your Support.". ernment. We know the great tradi-
As a final word. I want to thank tions of British rule, but is there people here for their support. For day need for me to say that things the courtesy with which they help are better when the acts of public the
reporter seeking news={L servante are subjected to navepaper diffident youngster, believe me." publicity? Men are fallible and suffers ngoaies of shyness in It is by the papers you realise if his work, I cannot tell you how there is an unnecessarily fallible much kindness to Pressmen is ap The reaction of this new source writter on Saturday) shall I stanee, shown by the police. There magistrate, policeman or, (this was preciated, the kindness, for in- of ravenue upon newspapers them any engineer. And seles has been a great improvement point of view of the Govern Keng fortunately who would be from the are public people-nons in Hong of general standard. Paper and ment itself; what rumours would very much printing are better than ever (doily round, but for the Press Howing the comments
benefited by hear wo not remember the first attempts many lahks would, Carvalho. Yeomen-shrewed and experienced that Press- at printing photographs). Adver- have taken, what would have been judges tieoments are artistic and well-the true facts" of the Water them and their pomposities. For of. character-pass on laid-oat, and there is that excel famine, and of the Gaol strike? I myself I have always had every lent feature of well produced could multiply instances. For the possiblo help, and an editor must photographs, in no paper hotter Government and for the people of rely on outside help. He cannot than in the Times
But most of all is the improve and responsible Press is a necessitys barrister he can only present the this Colony, an alert, independeat bo an expert in all things. Like ment noticeable in the excellent writing, in the variety of news,files of 25 and 80 youre ago to select and in the light of his general er Every week I go through our own case 'aerording to what he is told, from Great Agencies, like Reuters, extracts for reprinting day by day perience. and from special porrespondents. Even 25 years ago the paper was in confidence, not for. publication, But information given Take a short piece of writing in an smaller, the cable service was of help us, more than you realise leading English paper. How clear the seantiest and local news was and because this is so, "Respect and easy it is to read, not a word almost entirely restricted to then confidence is the first article, of is wasted, it is condensed and in courts. Advertisements were plena newspaper man's code whether it to a leading article, a There were the shipping announce of the rotations between the news. toreating and vivid, No matter tiful, but far less than to-day- I have tried to show somethin book review, a murdor trial or ments, but the motor trade, the political incident in Brazil these trade and the things that and advertisers to show what we paper and its clients.—subaanibara samo qualities will be soon. This women buy did not figure. The do for you, and what you do and result is acquired by being able to pay big salaries to highly educated support that we get results in more can do for us. I ask you with con.. men and women for both "outside" elaborate papers. It enables for infidence to support your newspapers,
ataneo those excellent picture supan you always have supported them," : and inside work.
plements, published every Saturday It is a good business, and good by our two evening papers.
statesmanship, as well,
---(Continued on nezt "Column.) -