THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 1930.
MORE TURMOIL IN SPAIN ARMY'S OPPOSITION RUSSIAN PRESSURE
MILITARY DICTATOR MAKES WAY
FOR RIVAL.
RESIGNATION ON ANNIVERSARY OF WIDESPREAD
ARMY REVOLTS.
GENERAL ELECTION TO BE HELD.
General Primo de Rivern, the "Spanish Dictator has resigned after holding what amounted to absolute' power for six years.
General Berenguer, the Master of the King's Household, is to take over the Government. He is said to be in favour of a enn- stitutional form of Government, and, as stated below by Reuter, has arranged for a general election
There has been a certain amount of rioting in the enpital and a few demonstrations against the new Premier on the ground that he is also a general, but, on the whole, Spais has accepted the change with stoical calm. The crisis is essentially political and not of a revolutionary nature. No republicanism or suggestion
separatism" from the provinces has been heard.
In a rable received last night Reuter gives the following parti- culare:-
!!
NO. DISORDER TOLERATED.
(THROUGH NEUTER'S AGENCY.Į
Madrid, January 29.
General Berenguer's Cabinet, it is expected, will be sworn
in this afternoon.
One of the first actions of the new Government will be lo hold a Parliamentary election,
The new Frime Minister has issued a stern warning that outbreaks of any kind will not be tolerated, and least of all any sort of violence or demonstration against members cf General Primo de Rivera's dictatorship.
For the present a strict censorship over all news is being maintained.
HOW THE NEWS WAS RECEIVED.
MADRID'S DAY OF EXCITE- MENT.
[TBROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.].
MADRID, Jan. 25.
After a day of most extraordinary political activity, of hurried com- inga and goings of bading person ages, of conferences and audiences, centreing aroud King Alfonso and General Primo de Rivera, the pub- lie soon becoming aware that im- portant developments were in the making, a dramatic announcement was made this evening to the effect that after more than six years as Spain's Dictator, General Prino de
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Nevertheless, the Dictatorship hay never been popular. There has been nens of the enthusias such as has marked Mussolini's regime in Italy; On the contrary, he only averted supergession by a few hours by prompt action in 1925, while nt- tempts to assassinate de Rivera were made in February, 1026 and again in October, 1927.
:::
De Rivera's Task. Latterly, he has been wearying of his gigantic task, complaining that he had to work 15 hours a day.
TO RIVERA,
A CURIOUS COINCIDENCE.
Just what will happen in Spain as a result of de Rivera's resigna- Lion it is too early to prophesy. For year past there has been serious opposition to his rule, though much of the news has been suppressed by the Spanish,authori- ties. Curiously enough, the an nouncement of the Dictator's re- signation comes exactly on the an- riversary of serious military upheaval,
4
On the morning of January 23, 1929, the Artillery units stationes- at Ciudad Real resalted, occupying without violence all Covernment buildings and stopping railroad traffic. They remained masters of the city during the day, but in the afternoon military airplanes drop- ped a proclamation from Primo de' Rivera, informning them that tran- quillity reigned throughout the country and ordering them to their barracks. The officers, realizing that their uprising was an isolated instead of a general one, took the troops back to their quarters, and when General Orgaz and the sol- diers sent down from Madrid ar- rived in the early hours of the 29th, they "met no resistance, but found everything perfectly tranquil. Similar trouble broke out at Valencia.
Besides the Ciudad Real and Valencia garrisons, it is clear that other garrisons in värious parts of Spain had agreed to revolt, but abandourd their plans on account
the delay and misunderstandings as to what should be the zero hour, enused by the inevitable confusion in transmitting orders.
لمون
ON CHINA.
RED OFFENSIVE URGED.
C.E.R. DISPUTE "MUST BE TO CONCENTRATE ON BRITISH
SETTLED."
..
ANOTHER DIVISION SENT
TO MANCHURIA.
(Wah Ts: Fat Pao.)
NANKING, January-29. " According to a report from Moscow, the Soviet. Government is insisting firmly on a settlement of the CER. issue in accordance, with the Habarovsk Protocol. Another division of Russian troops has been dispatched to Manchuli.
Mukden Supports Nanking. Mr. Mo Teh lui, China's pleni- potentiary to the Sino-Russian Conference, has arrived here. He has received a wire from General Chang Hauch Liang saying that the Mukden Government will sup- port the Central Government in amending the Habarovsk Protocol.
Mr. Mo stili insists on resigning.
TROOP MOVEMENTS IN NORTH.
(Wah Foz Fat Pao.1
SHANGHAI, January 29. Large numbers of troops have bren rushed by Marshal Chiang Kai Shek to stations along the Tientsin-Pukow Railway line. The 1st and 2nd Nanking Divisions are now quartered at Pengpu in Anhui. The 5th Division is quar tered between Hsuehow and Ming kuang ostensibly to suppress ban ditry.
CHIANG ON THE NAVAL CONFERENCE,
Bix Years of Dictatorship. The Dictatorship under the Mar- ques de Estella, Lieutenant General Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbane- ja, celebrated its sixth anniversary on September 13, last year, but dur ing 1920 met with several rebuffs, and even with uprisings, which, HIS ADVICE TO THE CHINESE however, proved abortive. The movements against the Dictatorship. were made by units of the Artillery Corps, but civilian elements had been organized and were ready to participate.
Cadet Corps Protest.
The first artillery ineident creur- red when the Cadet Corps of the Artillery Academy at Segovin, dur- ing the festivities in connection with Barbara-protested against the the day of their patron saint-San- appointment of Colonel Pastardo as Superintendent of the Academy. Windows were smashed; demonstra
ions were staged in front of the Patriotic Union and the President paties, while attempts to restore of the Provincial Chamber of De- order were disregarded. After the noisy proceedings finally subsided many of the students remained away from the Academy, sleeping
On leaving the Palace. General de Rivera made a statement to the Press, saying that the Cabinet, hat ing been informed of the reasona necessitating his resignation, and realising that this entailed their own resignations, requested him to hand the resignations of the whole Cabinet to the King. Rivera has tendered his resignation. The King accepted and requested The announcement did not come en- General Primo de Rivera to nakesidences of the President of the tirely as a surprise. Rumours pfal officials to carry on their duties au" im wnding change of Premier until a new Cabinet had been con ship were rife all day lòng"
stituted. Before the day was out, and n
General de Rivera himself; ex- parently before the resignation had pressed a desire that all who coila- been tendered though obviously iterated in the work of the last was within, contemplation-reports Government would continue at their were published abroad declaring posta that the Dictator had voluntarily I am going to have my supper ended his control of public affairs. quietly. I think you will all agree In the late afternoon, a semi- that I well deserve it.” . These were official statement was issued, deny- ing the rumours that General Primo de Rivern had resigned, describing} the reports as entirely baseless. Re- ports of disorder in Cadiz were also denied.
De Rivera's Joke..
PEOPLE.
(Wah Te Fat Poo.)
NANKING, Jan. 29. At a weekly memorial meeting held by the Central Government. Marshal Chiang Kai Shek said that the "Five Powers which are holding a Naval Conference in London are struggling for supremacy in the Pacific. As it will affect the Far East and especially Chins, the Chinese people should not negleet the significance of the outcome of the Conference.
Referring to the reorganization of the Shanghai Provisional Court, Marshal Chiang said that, though the public seemed not to be satisfied with the outcome, it is not easy to ring about an immediate satis- factory result.
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DOMINIONS,
UNEMPLOYMENT TO BE EXPLOITED.
[THяOCOS REUTER'S AGINCY,]
RIGA, Jab. 20. A resolution urging the speeding up of revolution abroad was passed by the Central Council of the Red Trade Union. The motion declar- ed that the time had come to carry out a great offensive by exploiting unemployed as the most valuable revolutionary medium,
A new international fund 'must be immediately established to finance strikes and revolutionary outbreaks, particularly in Australia, India, South Africa, the Philippines, Cuba and Peru.
TIN PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICA.
SCHEME TO RATION SUPPLIES.
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]
LONDON, Jan. 29. The Ti Producers' Association states that the Patino mines in Belivin have decided to co-operate with the Association's plan for rationing supplice.
All the large producers of Bolivia who are responsible for eighty per-
cent. of the country's output are policy. Meanwhile the association now supporting the association's
have started research work "for new and extended uses for tin.
PROPOSED EMPIRE TARIFF TRUCE.
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DOMINION OPINION
DIVIDED.
[BRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE.]
RUGBY, Jan. 28. Mr. William Graham, President of the Board of Trade, was ques tioned in the House of Commons today regarding the views of the Dominion Governments on the 'pro- now tariff truce.
He recalled that the Governmenta of India and South Africa had communicated to the League of Na- tions their decisions against parti- rigation, while the Government of the Irish Free State had notified the League that they were in favour of it.
Marshal Chiang, referring to the financial crisis, anid that as the in hotels. As a result, the entire
matter cannot be settled immediate Segovia Aendetay closed by a decree Hands in stead of foreign goods as Cadet corps was dismissed, and they, the people should use Chinese signed by King Alfonso on Febru a negative boyeatt,
Mr. Graham was asked whether ars 27, 1929. The leader of the re- debellion was Jose Sanchez Guerra,OFFENSIVE AGAINST REDS. action would be taken until after he would undertake that no definite once Conservative Premier, now in
the Imperial Conference this qu his 70th year.
the last official words of Primo Rivers to journalists before driving off to his home from the Palace.
Promired Restoration of Constitu- tional Rights.
Despite the fact that he was most examusted and that his voice was, barely audible, he remained breezy and focular to the last. Standing at As to the tenure of his. Dictator Shortly after this denial had been the Palace dour, be told the photo-ship, Primo de Rivera, made twa im eirculated, however, de Rivera prezraphers:-"This is probably the portant announcements last year: sided at a meeting of the Cabiner last picture you will take of me at | in August be said the new Constitu- "commencing at six o'clock this even- the Royal Palmer."
tion would be adopted by 1930 and ing, when he pushed through`a'
in fore by 1931; án November 4 he crowd of excited journalists, en-
said: "We have called a halt in deavouring to get a statement froin.
our march toward normalization him. De Rivera merely exclaimed :".
Good gracious! What a lot of people there are here to-day!"
The Cabinet concluded their de liberations round at about 8.15
p.tn. At least that was the time that the Dictator left the gathering: Himmediately made his way to
the Royal Palace where he confer red with the King.
The audience lasted approximate ly forty-five minutes.
Successor Announced,
Soon afterwards, General de Rivera personally announced that he had resigned and that his sue- cessor would be General Berenguer, the Master of the King's House hold, who has been entrusted with the task of forming & new Cabinet. General de Rivera paid a warm tribute to the qualities of his successor, with whom he has been in lengthy conversation this even-
ing..
THE NEW PREMIER.
A CONSTITUTIONAL RULER:
Jan. 28.
from now on there are no
dates, no time limits, nothing." The project of the new Constitution began in 1927, when a "National
General Berenguer, on leaving the Consultative Assembly was called Palaer, questioned by journalists being possessed of none of the regarding the policy of the new Cabinet, declared: I shall obey
powers and prerogatives of the Cortes, which had not met since the coup d'etat.abolished Constitutional rights.
As a soldier and act as a citizen.”
In reply to a question as to whether the Government would be bly, the Government drew up a new With the advice of the Assem of a civil or military character, he Constitution, the draft being rom- said: It will be & Government pleted in July, 1929. Its publica pure and simple. I can tell you tion immediately brought forth nothing more.'
objections from Conservatives,
JOINT ATTACK BY TUKIEN
AND KIANGSI.
"(Wah Te Fat Poo.)
תנוגן!
Mr. Graham replied that he could give no pledge, but he did not think matters would in fact work out that way,
Further questioned whether he SHANGHAI, Jan. 20.
seriously intended to prowed with Marshal Chiang Kai Shek has
the proposal in view of the opinions ordered the Fukien troop underexpressed by the Dominions, Mr. General Chiang Ching and the Graham Kiangsi troops under General Chir Han Ting to make a joint attack upon the Reda ünder Chu Tak and Mo Chak Tung in the southern
orders of Kinngai and Fukien.
Chu Tak is reported to have been
captured by General Chin's troops. There have been great rejoicings among the people in Southern Fu- kien on hearing this news.
WU PEI FU ACTIVE.
FIGHTING INSZECHWAN.
(Wah Te Yat Pao.)
HAN Ow, Jan. 29. Marshal Wo Pei Fu, who has. come very active recently, hàs en-
said: Yes, certainly. We have had twenty-six or twenty- eight acceptaners from European and other countries, and at the forthcoming Conference at Geneya, whatever may be the difficulties. I intend to do my very best in this matter."
RUSSIAN GENERAL
MISSING.
"DISPOSED OF" BY
BOLSHEVIKS?
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.}
All hospitals and other possible
PARIS, Jan. 28.
The new Premier, General Beren-Liberals, and Socialists alike-all quer, has always been regarded as hostile to Primo de Rivern. He was except those intimately cenated imprisoned for conspiring against with the Dictatorship expressing a the Dictator with Generals Aguilera preference for a return to the Cun-listed a division of troops in Szeplaces have been scoured, without and Weyler.
stitution in desuetude, that of 1876. General Berenguer states that he (Continued at foot of next column). will not act as a military chief, hut (**** as a civilian.
A meeting is being held in the A plenary session of the National Palace to-morrow, when the an- Assembly has been arranged for topointments to the new 'Cabinet will morrow. It will be adjourned sine probably be made
die.
It will be recalled that only two days ago, General Primo de Rivera sent invitations to all the senior coramanders of the army and navy to tell him immediately whether the Dictatorship still merited their con- fidence. Presumably the was in the negative.
answer
CAUSE OF THE CRISIS.
ROYAL PRINCE'S RESIGNA-
TION.
MADRID, Jan, 25.
The reply of the Captains General thereto has not been made known. but it is considered very signifcant that General Barera, the Captain General in Catalonia, representing large garrison, arrived in Madrid this incrning and immediately visit ed the King
The Navy leaders replied:-"The question is a political one, and we are not politiciana."
Rioting in Madrid
chwan.
General Lai Hsin. Hui, one of the militarists in Szechwan, has ordered his troopa to return from Kweichow
success, for the well-known Czarist
General Kautiepoff, who was a par- ticipant in the Denikin and Wran- gel campaigns.
General Kaaliepoff left his home for a short walk on Sunday, and has since not been traced.
A feeling is growing among
that the Central Covernment will Reports are current in Szechwan dispatch Genera: Ho Ying Ching to assist General Liu Hsiang, & pro-Russian refugees that he has been Nanking general in Szechwan in the lured to death by Bolshevika, by suppression of Harsha! Wa Pei Fu's adherezte.
whom he was cordially hated.
In view of this, the Government. erented. 49 new seats in the Assem- bly, offering them to various bodies, There has been a certain amount and to all ex-Premiers and ex-Pre- The immediate cause of the re- of rioting in the capital, though apsidents of the old Senate and Cham- Four Years Dictatorship.
signation of General Primo, denarently only students were involy-ber of Deputies. The majority re- The Dictatorship has lasted for a Rivera was the expulsion of foured. It is notable, however, that trile over four years. General officers from. Seville, followed by the people in the streets have been cry- Primo de Rivera led a military re-resignation of the Captain Generaling out: We won't have Beren volt in September, 1923, driving out of Seville, the Infante Carlos (a gueri" ́and declaring that they do the parliamentary regime and in cousin of the King), who stated that not want any more Generals. 'stalling a Military Directory. His le did not wish to continue to com- avowed policy was reform of governmand the Garrison with a revolt ment, by dismissig unnecessary peading. officials, getting rid of corruption This obliged General de Rivera to and slackness, augmenting the State take action, and explains his note income, reorganising education, and asking the Army chiefs if they were other progressive steps, in a large satisfied with his regime. part of which he has succeeded.
(Continued on next Column.)
The police were forced to draw their swords on the crowd, and a number of arrests were made.
The disturbances, however, abould not be taken as symptoms of serious trouble Possibly they are connect er with the recent unrest among the students.
fused to accept the seats tendered; some bodies elected enemies of the Dictatorship, or even men in exile, or men already entitled to a seat. Faced with this new turn in the situation. the Dictator postponed the meeting of the Assembly several times, and it is was supposed to meet early in 1930 but whether or not his remarks above quoted meant that the Constitutional project is abandoned temporarily or definitely no one could say...
LORD BYNG'S ILLNESS.
CONVALESCENCE "TRIP TO
THE CAPE. ·
[BRITISH WIRELLAS BERVICE]
RUGBY, Jan. 28. Lord Byng of Vimy, Commission er of London Police, leaves London. next Friday for South Africa to recuperate from his illness. He will be accompanied by Lady Byng. They will spend the first fortnight in South Afries as the guests of Bir Abe Bailey at Muijenberg, and part of March at Coverament House in Capetown, with Lord Athlone.
READY FOR A PLENARY SESSION.
NAVAL CONFERENCE PROGRESS.
*STEERING COMMITTEE" SET UP.
The Naval Conference has made up its mind to hasten lowly." The French delegation" are particularly emphatic on this point, and equally sure that the Press can only be admitted when the Conference formally adopts what has beer decided upon behind clesbril doors.
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"We are going to succeed," appears to be the slogan of the delegates, and in this spirit they are groping their way through the difficulties.
"We have conâdence in each other and a determination to make a
long step forward," was one of many striking phrases in the speech, reported below, which Mr. Stimson, the American delegate, broadcasted on Monday night.
PARITY A SLOGAN OF MUTUAL CONFIDENCE.
[URITISH WIRELESS SERVICE]
Rugay, Jan. 28.
The heads of the five delegations to the Naval Conference at their meting to-day decided that enough ground had been cleared in the course of their discussions and private conversations to justify the calling of plenary session.
Submarine Restriction.
M
"If we cannot abolish submarines
we want to reduce their number na
far as possible and at the same time
to make an agreement which will prevent their being used against merchant vessels in the ruthless and inhuman way in which submarines
were used in the late war."
As the British Cabinet Council is held weekly on Wednesday morn- ings, it was decided to meet the convenience of the British delegates by holding the session on Thursday.
Prces as can be accommodated
As many representatives of the
probably about eighty-will be ad- mitted to the Conference Room and it is expected that the proceedings will be made audible to others in an adjoining room by menas of faced with an expenditure of microphones and loud speakers, two hundred millions of dollara
America further desired to re- duce the battleship
programme below the programmes provided in the Washington Trenty. Мг. Stimson added. "An agreement re- Earding cruisers, destroyers and submarines would be the greatest
will and, for some countries, would contribution to international good- . ·
also provide an economy. the chief economy would lie in a "rediction of the battleship pro- gramme. For unless that program- me 18 reduced, we shall be
It is understood that this morn- ing's meeting agreed to an agenda, although the order in which the items figure on it, is liable to be changed by the course of the dis- cussions.
."
A sub-committee, which will act as a "steering committee," was sel up to regulate the agenda as re- quired.
För us
00 battleships alone in the next six years, and in the next six years thereafter, another four hundred millions of dollars.
ANGLO-FRENCH DISCUSSIONS.
this
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.)
Loxnow, Jan,, 28. An official communique states While, outwardly, the progress that the French and British com- so far made at the conference ap-monwealth delegations met pears to be slight, the general im- evening in the Prime Minister'a pression of the delegates and ex-
room at the House of Commons and perts, is that matters are shaping considered the report of the ex- not unsatisfactorily. Perts on the matters connected with This evening the Japanese and the methods of limitation in naval British Commonwealth delegations armaments. It was agreed that a
themselves
discussed questions of mutual in-flage had been reached when con- versations with the other delega terest and referred certain pointations on the points might usefully to the experta for report.
be undertaken.
4.
American Delegate Broadcasts.
LONDON, Jan. 15. Mr. H. L. Stimson, the chief The French delegation, inter-. American delegate to the Confer-viewed by Reuter's representative, said that official negotiations at the ence, broadcast an address through Naval Conference had undoubted- out Great Britain and the Unitedly started.. States this evening, speaking hope. fully of their labours in the past few days, because all the delegates had learned much of eachother's viewpoints.
"We have confidence in each other and a determination to make a long step forward"
The real intense work would be gin at the plenary session to be held on Thursday,
The French delegates were happy to see that the question of methods would first be discussed, and chat the possibility of finding in the French proposals a general basis has been revealed.
The French are of the opin.on
to: that the Conference is bound succeed, but delegates must not be too ambitious. They hoped that a general agreement would be reach- ed by the middle of February and a definite settlement of all issues very soon afterwards.
-
There are times, he added, when les Navy and more good will ran give greater security than vien Tera, and this is certainly cae of
Continuing, Mr. Stimson express- those times. ed the belief that the most effective way to create and maintain good will between Great Britain and the United States of America was by
M. Tardieu stated that as long an agreement to an equal limit to as the Conference diagreed on cer- the total strength of their respec-tain points, the Press would not tive Navics.
be admitted to the deliberationa "Parity between Great Britain This is taken to mean that the and America is not a doctrine of really controversial and vital is naval rivalry, rather it is a slogan sues will be examined at interde of mutual confidence, as well as legation meetings and not at plen a means of eutual disarmament. fry sessione. We in America know that sa long
Accommodation for Press. as parity is maintained we can Bafely reduce our Navy down as It has been decided as the re- Great Britain will reduce her Navy.sult of a meeting of the delegates
Mr.. Macdonald's announcement to-day, that room for seventy in Washington last October that ers will be installed in the special Great Britain agreed to this policy at plenary sessions, and loudspeak of natal parity with America did ers will be installedin the special more to relieve the feeling of an- Press Room at St. James' Palaco xiety and irritation which had for the benefit of those journalists followed the failure of the naval unable to obtain scats at the actual conference in Geneva in 1927 than conference. any other other single event."
Mr. Stimson said the American delegation hoped firstly to make an agreement with the nations re- presented at the conference which would end competition in cruisers and destroyers, and secondly to abolish submarinca.
These 78 seats will be allocated as follow: Twelve each to Britain, the United States and France, ok ven to Japan and six to Italy. There will be room for thirteen ob servers of other nations, and the remainder will be divided among the Dominions.
Ja