THE POVERTY LINE IN LONDON.
A NEW SURVEY.
THE MINIMUM INCOME.
The London School of Economics has embarked on a comprehensive survey of social conditions in Lon- dan. Every phase of the life of the workers of London is to be in-
Money
THE HONG KONG. DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, “JANUARY 9, 1930.
and Markets
CANTON TRADE NOTES.
The market for groundnut oil and other edible oils shows no improve- ment.
Match manufacturers are still doing very badly owing to the keen competition of Swedish firms.
Sugar merchants in Hong Kong have decided to adopt the solar calendar in their business trans; actions after Chinese New Year,
HONG KONG'S TRADE IN 1929.
A CHINESE VIEW.
A Chinese paper, commeating an the "Colony's business during last
year, says:
vestigated in order to define the minimum standards necessary for
"The golden age of the Colony's trade was during the few years life above the poverty line. A new
after the Great War of the World, poverty line will also be defined in view of the changed conditions since
bus ever since the great Strike busi- ness has been badly hit and con the last social survey. A survey
ditions instead of recovering have labour of London life and
got steadily worse. Trade during 1929 was more disappointing than The sale of gramaphores has been made forty-two years ago by the late Charles Booth, and whilst the disappointing since radio was init had been in the past ten years new survey will cover much of the stalled two years ago. Radio sets and most of the merchants suffered There was also a sharp ground covered forty-two years ago, have taken their place, and are in losscE.
decrease in both imports and ex- it will be of a much wider characgrent demand.
porta, ter. It will also use the material collected then as a basis from
WLE
*
#
Cassia, a Chinese popular medi- which to judge whether the poverty cine is produced in large quantities
mer-
During the past year. chants devoted much of their at
problem has changed much in forty along the upper course of the Westtention to salving their business |
years.
The idea for the new River. Some 6,915 piculs were ex- very originated in the mind of Sir ported abroad during the last S. Llewellyn Smith, permanent Se- cretary to the Board of Trade.
being undertaken by The work Sir William Beveridge and the Governors of the London School of Economics Ample funds to make the survey thorough and complete have been placed at the disposal of the Committee through grants from the Laura Spelman Rocke- feller Memorial and the London' Parochial Charities Trustees, whilst some of the great City com panies and other public-spirited bodies are also contributing.
month.
With the approach of the Chinese New Year, fire-crackers are being manufactured in very large quan tities. A huge consignment weigh ing some 3,133 piculs were recently exported abroad.
•
رکھ
DAILY SHARE QUOTATIONS.
:::::
696
$095
T180
HONG KONG STOCK EXCHANGE.
SHAREBROKERS' ASSOCIATION.
Selere Bales
Nomina
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8.
Buyers d'aller
Banks
$1,905 1,200/1.305
£118
£16
1£161
***
H.K. Banks
Do. (London) ....... Chartered Banks... Marcaatilo Bks. "A"
Do.
Bank of East Asia...
Insurances
Canton Ina, Underwriters North China Union Ins
China Fizes
مولية
Nomika)
$1,250)
***
$1,200
£34+ £15 396
10
FOREIGN MAILS.
RADIO NOTICES
بیو
11
The Radio Office, where full information concerning all wireless sorrisos may be obtained at all times, is situated on the ground floor of the P. & 0. Building in Des Voruz Road, next to the General Post Office.
Individuals and firms are recommended to register their telegraphis ad- drome at the Radio Oas. No charge in made for ibia..
NOTICE.
Holders of Wireless Liosacos are advised that under the Wireless Tele. graphy Regulations all auch loances expira on December 31st, and that licences for the coming your must be renewed as early as possible during the month of January.
INWARD MAILS.
FROM
Shanehal & AMOT...
• TRAITS
LONDON parsale, ith Doo. & STRAITS
***
Bugun
+++
$680
$1.00 $1.85 $1.90
$369
144
$367
3.850 Yangtaze Ins..
T160
$80
Im
$320 8816
H.K. Fires.
3815
Kidderpors
JAPAN & SHANGHAI ..
Shipping
SHANGHA & SWATOW
Pushimi Maru Hecior Bunning
9th Jan. 10th Jan 10th J
10th Jan.
**
11th Jan.
325.Douglasen
804
ры
***
$271
Steamboats
$43
Indos (pref.)
$58
800
$70
Do. (def.)
100/-
U.S.A (San Francisco, 13th Des. 1929),
BONOLULU, JAPAN & SHANGKAL MANILA
EULORE TIA NEGAPataviLetters & Papers!
London, 11th Dec., 1919)
Tulma
11th Jan.
Pres, Polk
11th Jan.
Pres. Jackson
12th Jan.
Water-boati
Emp. of Russia..
78th Jaa.
Kining
Pres. Taft.....
13 h Jan
Benquota.. Kailana
Korea Maru
19th Jan,
Angers
14th Jan.
Kaga Maru
16th Jan,
Khi va
17th Jans
95/10 Shell Transporta
:34
*
and keeping them going but they failed to restore the former pros perity and there acems no possibi- | $4.70 lity of them doing so.
As the Colony is the centre between South China of trade and Europe, the decline of the Colony's business shows the de- cline of part of commerce between Europe and Asia and particularly South China, The constant civil The Canton authorities have dis-strife has caused a decline in both. patched a staff to Wachow to re- industrin and agricultural produc open the Branch there of the Cen- tion, Transport has been suɛpend- tral Bank of China. The premises ed from time to time and the re- of the old Kwangsi Provincial peated warfare has weakened the buying power of the people, many Bank will taken over.
of whom have been reduced to destitution. They can barely afford daily necessities and purchase very few foreign goods which are gener- ally considered luxuries.
*
4
For the purpose of the survey, poverty is being divided into
There has been a strong demand classes (1) Poverty due to low in come; (2) Poverty, due to personal for coal recently on account of the The supply comes chiefly habits. Two methods are to be us cold. ed in collecting evidence. One me- from Japan. During last month thod will be known as the Sampling over 38,000 tons of foreign coal method, the other will be an in- were imported, of which two thirds tensive investigation involving in-are Japanese, quiry street by street.
"The principal cause of the de- eline of the Colony's business is, therefore, the unrest in the interior. Hence, the best remedy is peace in
The demand for raw silk by for-the interior, and until we bave Remarking the Poverty Maps.
eign merchants has been disappoint-peace and prosperity in Kwangtung
no revival is possible." sampling method ing during the past few months. the Under houses will be chosen at random During December only some 1,318. within a borough, and information ricals of raw silk and about 3,000 will be sought as to the number rienis of waste silk were exported in family, housing accommodation abroad. The decline is attributed and rent, number and ages of the to the lessening of orders from wage-carners, total income, family American manufacturers of silk income, the amount spent on neces-
piece goods, coupled with the com- sary food, etc., and the kind of petition of the Japanese silk. food usually bought.
•
(Continued on next Column.)
Under this method the economic life of 30,000 families will be traced, the houses being selected from the notebooks of the school attendance officers.
For the purposes of the survey, The street survey is being carried out much on the lines of Booth's however, the investigators are not Poverty Map, which defined the de-oncerning themselves with the re- grees of poverty in given areas by lative conceptions of comfort and a system of colours on the various poverty. The investigations are streets. The new survey has ex-based on what is needed to supply amined Rooth's method, and while sufficient calories to it is still the heat system, it has been found that poverty varies greatly in the same street.
The new survey, therefore, pro- poses to alter the Poverty Map by colouring each part of a street to ita degree of poverty.
Changing Conceptions. In order to define the new pover ty line the Committee must take into consideration every factor, both from the point of view of family income and family expendi
The cotton yarn market has im- proved a little as demand from the West River districts has been greater. Over a hundred bales are used by Wachow merchants daily. Merchants in Fatshan are demand- ing fine cotton yarns.
and the standard family of that period spent 14s weekly on food.
Based on the increased cost of
$113
35/-
T1360 Langkats (comb.)
Do. (single)
Shanghai Loans
7.7
T130 Explorations.......
T.S
Rauba........
21/-
Tronoh Mines
Docks, Wharvės,
Godowns, etc.
54/.
0114"
***!!!!!
T.14
T.9
CANADA (Victoria, BC, 21st Dec. 1989),
HONOLULU, JAPAN & SHANGHAI U.S.A. (San Francisco, 20th Dea. 1929,
HONOLULU, JAPAN & SAMPAI USA (San Francisco, 18th Doc. 1919),
.HONOLULU, JAPAN & SHANGHAI FAYAN & SHANGHII. ...
JAPAN & SHANORA........
AUSTRALIA & Manila
OUTWARD MAILS.'
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For
DATE & TIME
$144
$145
HK. & K. Wharfs..
$147
Providents...
334
35.40 86.85
H.K. Docks
$321
T.106
Shanghai Docks ...
2301 TOA
New Engineeringa
T.71
T.190
Hongkewi
Dotton Mills
T.161 $164/GO
Evo
T.16 T16.40
Saigon
S'hai. C'tona (old).....{
1.78
*
T.83
T.10
T.54
Do (new)...]
T.51
Amay & Foochow vis dwarow
Zoong Sings
T9.40
Swalow --
276
Saigon
Lands, Hotels and
Buildings
H.K. & S. Hotels... $12
$12.30
$65
11.95/12.10 860/1
11.00/19
H.K. Landa
$65
140
T.161
Shanghai Lands
89
H.K. Realtys
$8.60
$14
Humphreys
$14
308
Chinese Estates
Public ties
Peak Trams (old).....] $11'
Dr.
$10.201
Boikow, Pakhoi & Baiphong
**
Sustow ...
Sandakan
Straite, Bangoon and Calonita. Japan and EUROPE via Siberia... Haiphong and Tourne
Straits, Ceylon, ladis, Mauritius, E. & S. Africa. Aden, Egypt & Europe vin Miles-due Biralles, 9th February
$19
Tramways
8/14
$6,05
(new)...] $5)
971
Star Ferries
Shanghai
$19
Lights (old)......
$19.40
Manila
Do. (now).......
8691 823
0/691
H.K. Electrica | $69
$70
3691
Macao do.
$23
Sandakan Lights...
+4
Telephones.....
$9.00
living the incomes of the new poor will be those from 34s.. to 408. week.
Persons with incomes under T.104 1. maintain 34s. will be classed as very poor"
The semi- health, and the amount of income and "semi-criminal."
foods criminal and very poor will be necessary to purchase the
classed A and B. which contain the calories.
The "pocr be- tween 34 and 409, will be classed as C and D.
The Committee has made a scien- tifie investigation of the cost of food capable of supplying the ne- Cessary protein and nutriment in the shape of calories. The number of calories necessary has been fixed at 3,300 per week, and these can be bought at a cost of 78..
A New Poverty Income.
ture. For this purpose a minimum In the time of the Booth injury income from all sources will be fix- ed based on what is considered abttle was known of calorice, but
solutely essential to buy the ne cessarics of life.
Class E will be that section which carns anything from 40s. to 60s., whilst clase will be that which has an income between 60s. and 100s. weekly.
SERVICE TO READERS.
THE HONG KONG DAILY L PRESS, LTD., and the HONG KONG WEEKLY PRESS, through LANE, FLEET STREET, E.C. 4, are pre- their London Office, at £1, BRIDE to give Subscribers and pared modation available, motoring fac Visitors advice regarding accom lities, suitable shopping centres,
the minimum sum required for ex penditure on food per individual To the student of social condi- was fixed at 48 per week. Allow tions, perhaps the most interesting ing for the rise in the cost of liv- feature of the survey is the changing the 1s. weekly agreed upon un- ed conception of what constitutes der the new survey is almost iden poverty. The investigators have tical with the standard set by found that families with a stand. Booth.
In fixing the minimum income ard of living which would have lifted them above the poverty line necessary the investigators are ac-If, when at home, they will call forty years ago, now consider them-cepting conclusions already reach- selves on or under it. In other ed that two-thirds of the family in- words, a standard of life which come is normally expended on food. was regarded as eomfort forty years In the Booth inquiry it was ac cepted that workers with incomes ago is now regarded as poverty.
of 18 to 21s, weekly were poor, (Continued on nezi Column.)
eta
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$145 $14.83 $10.00
$31
Cementa (comb.)...
14.80/90
(old)...
8111
Do...
(new)...
$7.90
Ropes
$8.20
81
China Sugars................
Wei Hai Wei
827
Malabon Sugars
829
Shanghai & Japan
United Asbestos ...
+
Bolbow ...
$901
81.10
Manila
821
$0.50
8271.
32
$18
$2
MiscellaneoUE
Dairy Farmsg
Der A. Wings.....sant Amusements IELTS
$1.30 Constructions.......
Lane Crawfords Mackintoshe
Nanyang Tobacco... $4
Sinceres (old)...
Do. (new) 294
Wataons ............| $11)
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