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THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1929.
DREAMS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION. They never had a costume of the
BROADCAST LECTURE BY DR. ALEXANDER CANNON.
HOW A KNOWLEDGE OF DREAMS MAY SOLVE REAL LIFE PROBLEMS.
SYMBOLIC PICTURE OF AN
UNCONSCIOUS WISH.
Dr. Alexander Cannon, the medical officer in charge of the Prisons of the Colony, broadcasted last night a most interesting lecture upon the modern views of Dreams and their interpreta tion. Dr. Cannon, who is an expert on the mind, in health and " in disease, explained how dreams may be an invaluable index to a person's health and abilities." The old belief in dreams, as a shadow of future events, as warnings and omens has passed, or - rather been revised; but ancient magicians were wise in that they recognised dreams:13 a key to knowledge, even if they were not always correct as to the nature of that knowledge. The idea that a dream is an unconsciola" a
wish may come as a surprise, but those whose interest in aroused by Dr. Cannon's addrees will no doubt further their investigations by dipping into the strange and fascinating works of Dr. Freud, the originator of the theory.
DREAMS THE SOURCE OF GREAT THINGS.
which has
To-day we come to the study of of courtesy and respect. Had she one of the most fascinating subjects not been trained she would regard the proceeding as distinctly eccen- ever been penned:
tric, much as we would regard the Dreams and Their Interpretation aetion of any one who proceeded John Bunyan was a dreamer, and to take off his boots before catering cut of his dreams has been interwould be considered perfectly right a place of worship-an action which preted the immortal "Pilgrim' Progress: "I awoke" says Ban- yan, and behold, it was a dream." Many kings have been great dreumers, and dreams have uncons ciously been responsible for some of the greatest things the World has ever known. Legends and fairy
tales have been traced back to dreams which reveal the state of the unconscious mind, which with- out our knowledge or consent is. influencing our whole outlook on daily life.
Symbols
and proper in India. mean nothing, and, in fact, cease to be regarded as symbols until onc knows the key. Tho 57.10 symbol, however, may convey utter different meanings to different people, or even the me person at different times and in different
environments.
-A Dream an Unconscious Wish?
In everyday life, this symbolising process has limits in sane people. The less normal he is, the more will utterly strange and foreign
Mental Material which has been repressed by an individual spends ita energy in attempting to mati-matters tend to reach consciousness fest itself in his consciousness in in this way, but so long as he re- fains a reasonable grip on reality some form which he will not re- cognise, and will therefore tolerate. the process is limited. When does The devices by which it may be the normal person lose grip on re- said to hoodwink the repressing ality. Obviously when he is as power or "ccusure" of the individuleep. If, therefore, the duc be al are almost incredibly ingeniour, tween represented complex and re Even in the everyday life of nor-Pressing force continues during mal persons delightful instances sleep, which happens to be the case, are constantly to be met with in surely sleep would be an ideal which the unconscious scores off the time for a complex to make a speci- conscious mind, with all the odds al effort to express itself, for the against it, and it has been said that all slips of the tongue Bad Pen and even most trivial unusual ac tions and eccentricties, are in
itances of this.
good reason that consciousness is of its highest functions, such as now so, dim, so vague, so deprived those of criticism and judgment, that it will accept almost anything which can evade the still active cen- sure, no matter how absurd, grotes que, and opposed to reality its dis- guise, may be. Such a special effort is made, and the result is a Dream. A dream is a symbolic picture of the realisation of an in- conscious wish: it represents the free expression of an instinctive. tendency which has been subjected to repression. It represents it in a disguised and symbolished form because repression has to be circüm vented and sleep has to be preserv ed. The repression will pass noth ing which the dreamer would re- coguise in its true vlours, and which startle him inte wakefulness It is obvious, too, that a symbolised and pictured presentation of the idea is demanded by the circum
stances of the case. There are no normal values, comparisons, alter natives, which can be stimated and
on.
kind the dream depicts; they could not possibly leap through windows, or fall down precipices in the way their dream makes them do, and so On looking a little further at the apparently insignificant details of the cartoon, however, we find that the council tent is ornamented on the outside by pictures of an angle in a certain attitude, sad a
dove with a loaf in its mouth, also that the label of the tobacco tin describes it as the "All-round Navy Cut," and that the trademark con- sists of the two globes or spheres united by a connection band. In studying the cartoon we realise that it is upon these details that its meaning dependa The fact that the President is in a costume and situation quite inconsistent with reality does not distress us, al though it is, to the superficial glance by far the most striking part of the picture, and at once proceed to consider what symbolic meaning, if any, the above details may have
14
ARMED ROBBERIES.
k
COMMERCIAL CLUB INMATES HELD UP.
A FORENOON, VISIT.
'Four men armed with revolvers. took part in a robbery at the Tai Shan Commercial Club, 188, Des Voeux Road Central, second floor, opposite the World Theatre, yer- terday, and got away with a haul of over $2,000 mostly in jewellery.
The men altered the place at 10.30 in the morning and holding. up the five people present includ- ing the attendants, imprisoned them in a cubicle.
Wong Yau Chiu, the secretary, of the Club, then walked in, and he was prompt- ly seized by the gang and locked in with the others, two armed men standing guard.
Dr. Freud's Theories. The dream, according to Freud, arises from some of the activities and interests of the day preceding it, and from memories, wishes, and experiences associated therewith. These "day remanaats" would be elements threatening disturbance of sleep, and in using them the dream shows itself to be the guardian of sleep. They are in the subconscious mind of the production of the dream. In every case this is a mero covering for the central "wish" of the dream, and that this "wish" is a product of the true unconscious mind-something instinctive, in- fantile, repressed, and almost cer tainly sexual. This central "wish” expresses itself by means of a sym bol which, being unintelligible to tho dreainer's consciousness, "passed through," as it wore, into the dream without further distar- tion. It is disguised already, be- cause symbolism is the language the only language of the trus un- conscious. The symbols it uses, were not acquired or moreover, learned, still less are they the choice of the individual and explainable they his personal experiences and as sociations. They are the birthright of the unconscious, derived from a The dove with the leaf in its time when the human race was very ring worth $1,800 and a gold watch mouth instantly and inevitably ang found from a knowledge of primi- safe the robbers took over $100 in young, and their key, is only to be among other valuables. From the gests the idea of Peace. The
tiye peoples and languages, fairy money. They remained in the posturing eagle at once suggests tales, legends, and myths Dream the idea of America, and the legend analysis proceeds by taking the place for about two hours. on the label, "All-round Navy items of the manifest content in
A deposit receipt issued by the Cut," becomes an obvious Double succession as starting points for Bank of Canton for $5,000 in fav- Entendre which has a meaning 'far removed from tobacco. Returning the manner described.
free association by the patient in
our of a visitor named 'Li Shun By this now to the central figure, with theso
mean the work of the distortion was also taken by the robbers. other symbols interpreted, it in n
mechanisms is soon made clear, and natural consequence that the pic- ture of an Indian brave filling a
A remarkable amount of psychic material is unfolded. large pipe of peculiar appearance The idea of the cartoon, then as should suggest the "pipe of peace." distinguished from its superificial appearance, has to
with Ameri
ca, with a conclave or council of some kind, with peace, and with an all-round naval "cut" or diminution. At this stage our ordinary knowledge makes it clear that the cartoon is concerned with the Washington Conference.
of affairs
No amount
of association on the dreamer's part will lead him to an understanding are the chief clue to its central of the symbols in his dream, which
wish. As a practical point it may be stated that it tends to invalvo all at the very experienced in hopeless confusion between objective and psychological reality in their attempts to decide whether any given element in a dream is a sym- hot in the above sense or not.
the exploration of patient's true inconsciousness; it helps to discover his infantile tendencies.
The Dream and the Present Problems.
Wong was relieved of a diamond
Rest-House Raided.
11
An earlier robbery, at 1 a,m, was reported from Chuk Yuen
trict. Five men took part in the village in the Kowloon City dis-
raid on the Twoi Lang Tung rest- house, which was in charge of `a Chinese widow. There were over twenty women sleeping there that night, and the gang ransacked their Juggage for money and valuables.
in charge awakened by the barking of a dog.
The woman
WKS
She saw the men in the passage way, and she was threatened with an iron bar and a scissor blade which they carried.The men had their faces masked with handker- chiefs and one had his face paint-
Hence, dream analysis on the Importance of Detalls.
above lines, when complete, lays bare the repressed unconscious This illustration shows us the wish" which is the central point. extraordinary importance of ap- and that is all. It thus is an aid Parently minor details, the fre to quent comparativo insignificance of what may seem to be the striking points in the picture, and the fact that, as one proceeds from detail to detail, the significance of the points which were at first, oscure The dream may deal with the ed black. - often become suddenly apparent. present problems of the dreamer, Property worth $187.60 was taken statement of these by the gang who spent more than The illustration may also be used and offers to bring out the second of the from the point of view of the un-half an hour in the place. golden rules mentioned, namely, to conscious, and sometimes evez an remember always the difference be attempt to solve them. This state- tween objective reality and payment is disguised, not because its is an essential part of the cartoon, but because the language of the un- bed to one as a dream, and assumed bol, has long been superseded by but had one had this picture descri- conscious, gamtely picture and sym- that the central figure must repre- the conscious mind and is not now sent a "real" man, and that the understood by it until it is inter dream was about" à Red Indian," preted. The interpretation is "sub-
ne might have spent a very long iective" in method, the incidents- time in an unsuccessful attempt to and characters in the dreams all To 'THE EDITOR OF THE '' HONG KONG elucidate the dream by inviting the being regarded as some aspect of
DAILY PRESS."] the dreamer himself, being his un- dreamer to recall a Red Indian of
ccr.scious attitude to his psychologi. his acquaintance.
cal situation and current conflicts. SIR, With reference to your item Thus, I dream a dream: it appears a news re the telegram Mr. G. P. that a certain pices of work which Daswani despatched to the Prime has baffled me is being successfully,
chological reality. A Red Indian
The dream may be regarded as having a framework" on which it moulds itself into the shape in
which the dreamer-experiences and relates it. The framework is the "manifest content" and it is the central idea which is called its latent content," and the latter is the idea, tendency, or wish which the dreamer's unconscious mind is strives to express
Now, and then, when the incite ment of the wish happens to arise during sleep, there may be very little distortion. A man who has eaten a supper of sardines, salt
herring or something of the kind,
content is necessary unacceptable. "CORRESPONDENCE.
INDIANS AND MR. MACDONALD.
undertaken by my friend Pro Minister, may I ask :---...... fessor who has in reality noth- (a) Whether the said gentleman ing to do with it. Why is this was authorised by the Indians of Professor in my dream? What do I Hong Kong, let alone those of the associate with him? What does he Colonies, to send the message on menn to me? What part or aspect their behalf! of me does he stand for? I can (h) Or whether he was express- not even think of Professoring the views of just one section of without recalling the self-confidence the community?
(e) Or, lastly, if he was just which I have admired in him ever since I first knew him. He is to rely stating his personal views 7 me a living example of the power Indian community as a whole to If he was authorised by the of self-reliance even when naaccom. ct as he did, there is nothing place him in the dream by this merely voicing his own sentiments, quality of which I regarded him as the contribution which this "sub cable accordingly.-Yours, etc..
friends, he might have worded. the jective interpretation has to make towards the solution of my problem
Hong Kong, Nov. 6. becomes clear.
Symbolism in Real Life. In approaching the wonderful study of Dreams, we must consider the strongest and certainly the most fascinating card that the repressed material has to play in its effort to manifest itself, namely that of Symbolism. The whole question of symbolism is one of great complex- ity, into which it will not be ne- cessary in my discourse to go into completely. It has often been pointed out that it is characteristic of the average human mind to think and speak in pictures and symbols rather than in actual thoughts and groups of ideas which these symbols represent. Words themselves are, in one sense, noth- ing but symbols, and a moment's rellection will show what an enor- mous part of our speaking and thinking is carried out purely by the use of symbols. We meet an and consideres; there are no "if dreams that he is at a soda foun- panied by great special gifts Re more to be said, but if he was officer in unilor, and have can- "buts," "althoughs," "eithers," tain, drinking draught after veyed to us the ideas that he is a "ors," in i dresin. The whole Finally he awakes to find that he representative or "symbol" of, and or those of a few of his personal Captain and that he is also a doething is bound to be dramatised:-- tor, and that he has served four picture writing pure and simple years on active acrvice, and that he was singled out for special re- cognition and awarded a decoration. known as the Victoria Cross. We one by all this information, not herzue he carries a placard an nouncing these facts, but because he carries a few pence worth of metal and ribbons arranged in certain ways; things intrinsically worth less, which have ideas attached to them, in other words symbols. We speak of fighting for the flag, and it need hardly be pointed out that no sane man would shed his blood for a piece of coloured cloth, un- less it were the accepted representa- tive in his mind of ideas for which he was prepared to die. Many of thic things we prizs, most dearly have their worth, not in themselves, but in the ideas for which they stand. A. rose is the concrete re presentation of enough sentiment to cover the earth; a plain gold ring, and a plain wooden cross stand for ideas which volumes cannot fully
Psychology of a dartoon. One must begin to attempt to analyse his own dreams and those of others. The subject is as difi- cult as it is fascinating, but it should be noted that, especially after a certain amount of ability and experience have been gained, it.is unwise, to analyse the dreams of one's friends unless the matter is fully understood to be one of thorough seientific or medical treat ment. There are two golden rules which will greatly assist you, if they are constantly kept in mind. The first is to remember that the dream is an idea expressed in a picture. Take pencil and paper, and endeavour by a drawing, or s series of drawings, to express some given idea, and you will realise something of the limitations and difficulties which it involves. The nearest approach to it is the car- toon: Take an
example from Punch. The President of the Unit ed States is depicted as an Indian In the using of symbols, and the brave sitting outside the council performing of symbolic acts, it is tent and filling a large pipe from essential that all the parties con.. a tin of tobacco. At the first cerned should know what the glance such a picture would seem symbols stand for, and that it to many to be quite meaningles, should stand for the same thing for and even grotesque. The President everybody. When one.
of the United States is not an In- one's hat when passing a lady, one dian brave, and may very possibly assumes that she has been trained. be a nonsmoker, Such comments are as the rest of us have, to regard precisely parallel to those one fre that strange and irrational act as quently hears made by persons who a. symbolic one representing ideas
can see no sense in their dreaans."
express.
removes
draught of thirst-quenching. fuid. is very thirsty. The two main functions of a dream are here most beautifully illustrated and com- bined. The wish is gratified and sleep is preserved until the organic acnsation becomes too strong,
Finally, we come to the study of Dream Analysis.
It will be found that some dreams are more easily treated "reductive. ly on the lines of Freud, while others can more, readily be inter Preted on the constructive" lines of Jung.
The Book of Daniel (chapters 1-8) shows a very clear way, how King Nebnucadnezzer bad two very myslifying dreams, and how Daniel analyses
CURIOUS.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN. AREA COVERED WITH SNOW. We have already seen that the dream consists of a manifest and a
WINTER'S REAL VISIT. latent content, and that the former is a distorted and symbolised ex- pression of the latter, which is an
[United Press.] unconscious"wiah" in the explained
these two wonderful Denver, October 30.-Winter paid sense of the word. The dream may thus be regarded as yet another in- dreams which have a very realistica real visit to the Rocky Mountain stance of compromise between re- meaning. Dreams which actually region last night, leaving a general pressed material and repressing came true, of which there are many now from Montana to New Mexico, more examples in history, and in Colorado have reported mow up to Parte of Montana, Wyoming and force. On the other hand, sleep is preserved and an unacceptable ides daily life. is prevented from otruding itself, You dream of a great future, five inches deep while only the
assure you that it 13 hnd snow,
mountainous regions of New Mexico recoguiably into consciousness, and I can
within your power to make those. while on the other hand the un acceptable idea or "wish" acceeds dreams come true. This is how you can do it: Whatever you are called in entering consciousness unrecog nised and proceeds to realise itself upon to do should receive your egotism. Do not let your head in a sensory picture of its immme wholehearted attention at in swell. A proper estimate of one's terest, your .maximum abil self must include credit for retain- diate gratification.
The means by which the represity. Do it in such a waying control. When you realise your sing force or dream censorship" that those above you will take own importance you will keep con- notics You can compel them trol of it, so that you may apply deals with the dream ideas and pre- vents their true nature and signi- to notice you if only you have your power in a sensible and cool You are bigger than you ficance from becoming apparent to enough vigour and common sense. way. consciousness are known as "dist, deponds upon you. To become think you are. Act up to this. torting mechanisms" and are usual despondent about your lot in life Then as the years go by you will ly described ander four heads, is to belittle yourself. To be deter- bring your castles in the air" namely, 1 Condensation, 2 Dramamined on better things will surely down to the reality of Mother tisation, 3 Displacement, 4 Secon- bring its reward. In gauging your Earth, and your dreams will be in- importance do not allow yourself terpreted in a very realistic way. dary Elaboration.
to float. in a sea of superlative Indeed your dreams will then come (Continued at foot of next column). I true.
Time does not permit "me" to describe these mechanisms.