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THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, JULY 9, 1929.
THE WATER SHORTAGE.
WHY A RIDER. MAIN SUPPLY CANNOT BE GIVEN.
HONG KONG RESIDENTS TO PAY FOR THEIR WATER.
THE TANKER SUGGESTION'
ANALYSED.
A third meeting of the Water Emergency Committee was held yesterday in the Council Chamber. The most interesting business from the point of view of the man on the mater " was the decision at the suggestion of the Colonial Sacratary that all meter users in Hong Kong (not Kowloon, should pay 30 cents per thousand gallons.
The Director of Public Works gava a detailed summary of the present water position, and of the means which had been taken to cope with the drought.
1
The total storage on the Island yesterday morning was 157.79 million gallons, the recent daily rate of depletion 2.60 million gallons, and the minimum number of days storage available (without rain and on a four hours supply) 62 days. Reasons why a rider maio rupply cannot be given were stated in` detall.
The solution of the supply problem will probably be in the chartering of a number of coasters to bring water from the West River for the tanks.
STATEMENT BY THE DIRECTOR OF
PUBLIC WORKS.
ANALYSIS OF A MOST SERIOUS POSITION."
11
The Colonial Secretary, the Hon. ir. W. T. Southern) who presided, said that the particular rea-on for enlling the meeting was to put forward the views of the Government on the question f whether water would be supplied to the mains from Tytam Tuk. He would ask the Director of Public Works to read the memorandam which he had prepared on the whole subject..
The Director of Public Works (the Hon. Mr. H. T. Creasy, (B.E., said:-
The position of the island supplies this morning is as follows: Total in storage, 137.70 million gallons.
Recent daily rate of depletion, 2.60 million gallons. Minimum umber of days storage available (without rain and on four hours a day Supply), 62 days,
A reduction to a single period of three hours per days will shortly have to be introduced, however, it no rain falls, "This would reduce the daily rate of depletion, it is hoped, to approxim ately 20 million gallons a day.
By introducing one "period of three hours a day of supply the City mains would require to be filled only once per day instead. of twice, as at present,
Consumption Particulars,
...The following statement, based upon the figures for previous years, showing the daily consumption in the City for July under various conditions of supply, has been prepared:-
Supply.
Consumption million gallons
per day.
-Constant supply in all rider
main districts
12.00
2-Two hours supply daily in
• rider mala districts
*3.00
3.-Constant supply, daily by
street fountains only
7.00
4-12 hours), supply daily
4.10
- hours supply, daily
3.50
-5 hours' supply daily
3,00
"+2.00
.
7--4 hours' supply daily
Remarks.
Principal mains open 24 hours daily. No tanke.
Auxiliary supplies from tanks not (included.
-By closing the principal mains from 6 p.m. to 6 am. daily these figures could be reduced to, 6.5 million gallons per day. Owing to additional fountains having been opened practically no saving has resulted by the reduction of 13 hours per day -upply.
1-4 constant, supply to all rider main districts can only be given when the reservoirs are full or nearly so. It involves a consumption of 12 million gallons a day and is generally given only in the summer months of favourable years. Since January 1, 1927, the total period of full supply has been 83 days.
First Restrictlen.
2-A two hours daily supply in rider main districts is the frst restriction following a constant supply. It involves a con- umption of eight million gallons a day, and since January 1, 1927, has been in operation either in part or whole of the City for 390 Jays.
Second Restriction...
3-A constant supply with street fountains only in rider main." districts giving a consumption of seven million gallons a day. This has been in operation. 178 days since January 1, 1827. The consumption can be regulated by the umber of fountains opened.
Third Restriction.
4-A12 hours supply with street fountains only in rider main districts. This, restriction commenced in May 1, 1920.
5. 6. 7. Further restrictions of 7 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours have latterly had to be introduced with street fountains only in rider main districts involving consumption of 33, 3, and 2.9 million galluns a day respectively. Such restrictions have not been neces- sary during the last years.
"MOST SERIOUS.”
consumption has been reduced to about three million gallons a day, due to restrictions and to the water obtained from outside the Colony.
Not until the storage in the re- servoirs has again approached the figures for last November can res- trictions be entirely removed.
naless the city is divided into see- tions from East to West a supply of two hours to the whole rider main district would result in unequal distribution, the lower storeys of the houses on the lower levels would alone obtain a supply. whilst the upper storeys and the higher level houses would obtain little or no water. The consump tion would also be exerssive in the houses obtaining, a supply,
If a rider main supply were now introduced in the various sections of the City for two hours it would result in a rise in the consumption to six million gallons and this rate of consumption is impossible under The present circumstances.
The rider mains can be shiut of from the principal mains indepen-" dently without affecting the meter. el supplies, but when all or any wretion of the rider main supply is in operation, either direct to the houses or through the fountains, the principal mains from which they are fed must necessarily be in action.
The proposal to discontinue the free allowance of water to metered, supplies is being considered, and no doubt any move in this direc- tion would have the desired effect of further restricting consumption, A house supply to rider main properties at the present time is utterly out of the question, and no matter what supplies might be brought into the Colony they
should be utilized to increase the present storagy, and not the con- sumption, until the position hast vastly improved. This cannot be too strongly emphasized.
water at as
Tank System of Supply. A house service supply being in- possible."the only course left is to supply through tanks sufficient
convenient points R possible. If perfected, this system of supply from tanks, becomes the exact equivalent of a constant supply by street fountains, a system which it has been frequently neces sary to have recourse to in the past.
The tank system has not yet been developed to its full capacity. By more frequent filling of the tanks and with additional taps and lengths of piping the queues can be considerably reduced. This hus already been done where the re-
for instance in the
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1
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gular system has come into forec: However, a third zone of tanks 2. Only two trips could be counte case of the at about 250 ft. above sea level ised upon per month per vessel. This. tanks in Gilman and Centre Streets not impossible and will be con- allows for discharging and refill- and at Western Market-which aidered, should the situation de- ing ballast, loading and discharging. have been connected up and are mand it.
fresh water, passages to and from
supplied regularly by waterboats
have almost ceased to exist.
from Laichikok-the queues here It is again emphasized that to Shanghai, and with Allowances for avoid waste and to get the most bad weather, tides, etc., a total The extensions to the brick tanks out of every gallon available as period of say 15 days per return
trip. on the Prayn have just been com carried.
ruch water as possible should he
A supply through the A further condition would be picted, and these are being con maine results in increased consump that the requisite number of load- nected together so as to facilitate tion and this method of supplying and discharging berths were filling from lighters or waterboats.ust be eliminated for the present always made available both it When fully developed this system
Shanghai and Hong Kong. should appreciably augment sup-
as far as pessible. plies.
When the existing low level tank system has been fully developed
Supplies From the Mainland.
There are at the moment three
I
Impracticable.
Government having decided that available sources of supply on the a regular service of large tankers and the outside sources of supply mainland, viz. from Laichikok, for Istam Tuk is impracticable, it have been increased it will be pos- Tsun Wan and Shamchun, the last level zone of about 100 feet above operation this week. sible to introduce tanks on a higher of which is expected to be in now remains to deal with the-ques- the sea and when this extended system is inoperation it will be possible still further to conserve the rapidly diminishing water supply on the Island..
tion of a service of Consters "or lighters, with tugs.
During the summer months it is anticipated that fully two million
The Tytan Tuk pumps are much gallons a day can be obtained from these sources and transported to small quantities. For example, it too large to deal satisfactorily with the Hong Kong tanks by water would take 300 tons of water to Centrifugal pumps, electrically boats or lighters. driven, would deliver water to
charge one rising maja from Tytam As these supplies begin to fail in Tuk to the tainel entrance and During certain periods of every these tanks either from the large year restrictions have had to be bricks tanks on the Prava or direct the natumn the service from the 1.000 tons to charge the Tytum resorted to and the supply from from lighters Long supply presimited water, will have to be furtons a day, say, 1 million gallone, West River, where there is un-tunnel, It is considered that 5,000 street fountains has taken the place with the necessary number of other developed to meet the de-isthe minimum quantity with which of the house supplies in the rider would be laid from these upper ficiency.
USELESSNESS OF TWO HOURS A DAY MAIN SUPPLY.
Continuing, Mr. Creasy said:-- The rainfall for the 12 months ending June 30, 1029, as recorded at the Royal Observatory, totalled 37.27in. by far the lowest ever te corded for a continuous, period of 12 months. The previous lowest rainfall was in 1893 when 45.63in. fell during that year. These figures It is most unfortunate that owing speak for themselves.
It the continued drought it has The presett water position is the been found necessary to reduce the most serious the Colony has had street fountains supply and intro to face for very many years and it duce the still more irksome tank is not at all surprising that a house system, the water for which has to supply to all rider main districts be obtained from outside sources. cannot be given at this critical The maximum consumption when time.
the City is on full supply has been
mein districts.
tanks so, as to embrace as large a district as possible and reduce carrying to a minimum.
"
Supply of Tankers Through Tytam Tuk.
it is practicible to work. This could only be supplied by a regular service of conatere or lighters, and by any occasional tankers obtain- able on trip charter.
If Drought Continues.
Since the first meeting of the Should there be a further con- Water Emergency Committee ad-
In anticipation of the possibility tinuance of the drought, the posi-ditional information is available as of sach regular supplies being made tion by October might be 48 to the cost of a supply of water by available, a tank of 100,000 gallons tankers from Shanghai and though capacity, capable of containing. follows:-
Government has already decided nearly an hour's supply for one prohibitive the figures now avail-before it is completed the necessary able are interesting and only con- mooring accommodation, piping, firm the previous decision.
All houses as far as Caine Road
tirely on tank supplies.
It was on November 1, 1928, that shown to be 12 million gallons and level may. then have to depend en- that the cost of such a scheme is pump, is being constructed, and
with the present restrictions in
the rider maid supply was discon-force the consumption has been tinued, and a constant supply by reduced to three millon gallons. street. fountains only had to be in- troduced as at that time the storage in the reservoirs had fallen to 1,410 million gallons and the consumption or full supply had just previous reached the maximum of about 12 lumillion gallons in CAY
The present storage in the reser voirs is 102 million gallons and the
Above that level, in order to avoid great expense, a very limited
According to the latest calcula etc., could be in position. Where Upper Stories Get supply from the mains would be tions & fleet of 30 tankere would be
Nothing.
given if available. It is quite pos- necessary to maintain a supply of The houses which are served by the sible that during the winter the 3,300,000 gallons a day and would riden mains are in the most thickly total draw-off from the mains would cost approximately $1,845,000 populated part of the City, and, have to be reduced to less than one month. The estimate is based upon oving to their height ( Aarey, he exilang gurage BC GUITA
million gallons per day in order to the following data:- and the difference in lévoir of the make hill ride upon which they are built, the 1930 rains set in.
**T=ING USE or tesiris of my 1,300 tona capacity, ench,"
This scheme could be in working order early in August and if it materialises it would appear un Decessary to proceed further with other schemes for pumping direct into Albany or Elliot Filter Beds
(Continued. op page 5).