"
YANG YU TING'S EXECUTION.
CONFLICTING STORIES.
“
PROCLAMATION BY CHANG HSUEH LIANG.
[THOUGH BUTER ́B ́AGENOS '}
TOTO, Jan. 19th.
Official circles are reticent as to
licacy of the situation.
THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. MONDAY, JANUARY 14th, 1929.
| JAPANESE - BOYCOTT CO-OPERATION WITH
IN HANKOW.
BARBED WIRE FENCES.
CONCESSION WELL GUARDED.
(TEBOUGH "RAUTER'S AGENCY.)
FOREIGNERS.
CHINESE TRADERS HOPES.
SPEECH BY C. T. WANG IN SHANGHAI,
(THROUGH BLUTER'S AGENCY.]
KING'S CONDITION UNCHANGED.
RESTFUL DAY,
NO SUNDAY BULLETIN.
[TROTGE' REUTER'S AGENCE.)
LONDON, Jan. 13th. SHANGHAI, Jan, 12th.
Reuter learns on good authority SHANGHAI, Jan. 13th. A Hankow message; sent on Fri.
The Chinese Chamber of Com. that the King had a restful night expressing definite views on Yang day evening, says that the day committees of the British
merce here gave dinner to the on Saturday night and his condi
andtion is unchanged. Yu Ting's death owing to the de-pared without incident, but that American Chambers. Dr. C. T The bulletin issued at 8.20 p.m. picketing continues outside the Wang stated in his speech that for on Saturday stated that the King Japanese Concession.
the Brat time since the Republ'o had another restful day, but other They appear, however, to think The Japanese moved one gunboat was founded, military and civil vise his condition remains un that it will not affect Japan for thep the river opposite the Nishin readers had met amicably. round the changed. The nest bulletin will be
Kisen Kaisha's godowns. time being, though likely to in- The staffs of most of the Japan.ame table in a spirit of self-sacri issued on Monday morning.
It is learned on rel ́able authority Arms
fice which was inspiring. aro дож inside the China needed vast sams for re- that the King's condition is steady. Japanese Concession.
The authorities apparently co-money for domestic and
construction, and was setting aside Undue significance must not be foreign attached to the fact that no bulle. Governor of Kirin, who appears to ous though it is outwardly quiet. be the leading man behind the
ссир
A number of students werd ar-
China needed foreign ex- This indicates that the doctors are She had em- satisfied that no great change is d'etat is regarded as being anti rested in the French Concession for perts to assist her. Japanese. Moreover, with the redistributing anti-Japanese lenfets. Britishers, and
ployed Americans and Leeded kely to occur in the next thirty- moval of Yarg Yu Ting, who op: They were later released following large to pay for the assistance his usual visits to the Palace to was too six hours. Lord Dawson is paying pored the hoisting of the National
representations by the Commis. Aag, closer co-operation between sioner of Foreign Affairs. Makden' and Nanking is likely to be witnessed, while the latter's control of Manchurian affairs will probably ba increased.
crease the difficulties in the future in negotiating questions concerning
esc
VISIT TO GENERAL WATCHING OTHERS
BOOTH.
SISTER'S DASH FROM LONDON.
·SALVATION ARMY LEADERSHIP.
(THROVOR BRUTER'S AGENCY.]
DO IT.
ARNE BORG'S AMBITION,
DECISION TO RETIRE.
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENOT.]
SYDNEY, Jan, 13th. -. The swimmer Arne Borg was in- terviewed by the Sydney Sun in LONDON, January 11th.
regard to his decision to retire at After the deputation from the the end of his Australian tour. He High Council had visited General said he intends to return to the Booth's home at Southwold and bad Illinois Athletic Club and hopes to left without being received, it was assume the duties of an American announced that some confusion had university coach. Later he will arisen over the time of the meeting foraake active swimming and enter and that, the celebrated leader of the business.. Salvation Army would receive the deputation at 13.30 p.m.
He added. "My greatest pleasure will be to sit among the spectators Before the return of the deputa, at the next Olympiad and watch by the doctors ordore. He had
Mancheria, as Chang Tso Hsiang;sider the situation to bo very seri- obligations in order to restore her tin is being published on Sunday. tion, General Booth returned to bed, others straining to win!!
Plots For Revange,
credit.
which she needed.
ផង
411003
Stable Condition.
F
morrow.
Friday's Bulletin. The National Government has requested Li Taung Jen to do his
On Friday morning it was stated utmost to maintain peace in Haned that China was reaching the had passed a fair night, and that H. H. Kung in his speech declar authoritatively that His Majesty kow."
stable condition which foreign his condition showed no change, enterprises needed in order to In the evening, at Rib p.m., the flourish. His ministry was drafting following bulletin was issued from laws which, he hoped, would avoid Buckingham Palace:- the clashes between labour and capital which had been so destruc tivo in all parts of the world;
Prepared For Anything. The vernacular newspapers gener.
Outwardly the situation has al ally are agreed that the coup will most returned to normal, but the complicate the polition situation in Japanese are prepared for any Manchuria. They fear Yang Yu emergency. No serious disturb Ting's followers will find an early ances have occurred, though in. opportunity to take revenge, thus timidation of Japanese-employed The ministry was establishing an causing disturbances which may Chinese workers continues and a office in Shanghai to assist con- necessitate Japan taking steps to further number of offes harkers tacts between Chinese and foreign protect Japanese lives and property, and domestics have been brought business men, and also testing though official circles appear to out.
laboratory with the object of keep- think an uprising is unlikely. It is
Most of the Japanese firms outing up the standard of Chinese pro generally agreed that predictions'side the concession' have closed ducts, as their adulteration had are useless until the true nature of down and withdrawn into the con- been hurting China in the world the coup and Chang Hauch Liang's ression and it appears the boycott markets..
is exercising a far reaching effect. own position is clarified.
The Execution.
Tpickets continue their activi- ties, but are rough handling Japan the employed Chinese workers only, while it is noteworthy that the Japanese themselves are not being
A message from Mukden states that following the execution of Yang Yu Ting and Chang Ying Hun
molested.
Gunboats Ready.
"The King has had a restful day. There is no change to re- port in His Majesty's condition. The next balletin will be issued to-morrow evening."
tion.
(Signed) STANLEY HEWETT,
DAWSON OF PENN.
·
42
VAST PROGRAMME OF REFORM.
GOVERNMENT POLICY IN
JUGO-SLAVIAT
PARTY ORGANISATIONS DOOMED.
of
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.).
BELGRADE, Jan. 13th. The Government. has issued comprehensive national and local reform which
programume
includes a vast measure of decen- tralisation of administration, weed- ing out the crib service and codity- ing the different systems of law prevailing in the Kingdom, which is a serious obstacle to the nation's unity. When these reforms have.
stayed up for only a very short FIERCE AFFRAY IN POLAND. been carried out a return to normat
time.
The seven members of the Higb. Council deputed to convey the de cision and wishes of the Council arrived at the appointed hour, and saw General Booth in bed. They the bed tendering greetings and advanced in single file, bending over wishes for the General's recovery, cach ciasping in turn their leader's hand.
The President of the Council, Commissioner Hay, then read the resolution asking the General te retire from office.
Answer On Monday,
The General listened carefully to the resolution and announced that day. he would give his answer on Mon-
that although the King's condition It is pointed out in Palace circles for the time being is stationary, there is no cause for dissatisfaction, Commissioner Breagle, Com An hour later, four of the deputa
missioner Mitchell, Lisut Commis sioner Yamimuro and Colonel Mrs. Trousee departed, and though ques-i tioned by Pressmen, refused infor- mation.
"
Stationary Periods.
Such a stationary period, which started on Sunday last, and went on for seventy two hours, was fol- lowed by a good bulletin which mentioned a slight' increase in "His Majesty's strength.
SIX PEASANTS KILLED.
{THROUGH REUTER'S ANEBOY.]
constitutional government wil be considered.
Party Dissolution,
A message from Belgrade states that the impending dissolution of all political party organisations in Yugo-Slavia a regarded as indic
WARSAW, Jan. 13th.. Six peasants have been killed and several badly injured in a fight with the police at a village near Lwow. The trouble broke out fol-fated by the fact that three pro- lowing a wage dispute at the local minent members of the new Cabinet sawmill, the owner of which, cog- sidering the local men's demands tions. Father Korcahetz, the at- are reaigning their political connec excessive, hired workers from a neighbouring village. The local Premier and present Minister of men attacked their rivals, but the Transport, has relinquished his police intervened when the ght was at its fiercest. The ringleaders were "arrested."
AMANULLA'S FRIEND
MURDERED. VICTIM OF LONG-STANDING
FEUD.
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENOT.)
leadership of the Slovene people's. party; Doctor Marinkovitch; the Foreign Minister, has resigned his membership of the executive com- mittee of the Democratic Party and Alpupovitch, the Minister of Public Worship, has resigned the pregi dency of the same committee.
The leader of the Bosnian Moham- medan party has left Serajevo, owing, it is stated, to his inability to secure acceptance of his poli tical demanda.
COMMERCIAL WIRELESS
FOR SHANGHAI, ・・ SERVICE WITH NEW YORK. their residences were searched and a number of important documents
[REUTER'S AMERICAN SERVICE] were found. It is alleged - that these show they were hatching a
HANKOW, Jan. 13th.
New Yox, Jan, 13th. - Pickets are again very active "ia conspiracy against Chang Hsuch
The Radio Corporation of Liang and also secretly manufactar-preventing Chinese ingress into the America is inaugurating on Janu-bulletin.. ing 20.000 rifles at the Makden are not interfering with Japanese, ice between New York and Shang- authoritative circles that during previously visited her brother it is teen summoned, to a council by the Telegrams in Brief.
Japanese Concession, though they ary 14th a commercial. wireless ser Another Mukden message says passers-by. A number of Chinese hai vid the Philippines... that regarding the execution of dwellers have moved out from the
Arsenal.
Yang Yi Ting and Chang Ying Hua it is reliably stated that Chang Hanch Liang telephoned inviting them to play mab-jongg on Thurs day evening, On their arrival Chang Hazeh Liang excused himself on the ground of receiving medical treatment He retired from the room, whereupon a score of armed soldiers entered and opened re.
It is reported that Yang Yu Ting
concession, which presents a desert- ed
appearance, a few souls aro about with the exception of police and masines,
Japanese gunbeats are playing searchlights on the bund, where pickets and onlookers are congre- gated, presumably to guard against attacks on Japanese pedestrians.
Though no incidents of import- ance have occurred, the situation possibilities,
..
RIOTING SPREADS IN
BOMBAY. JEWELLERS' SHOPS LOOTED.
{THROUGH REUTER'S 'AGENCY")
BOMBAY, Jan. 1áth. The unrest which is being perienced in the cotton industry is
General Booth was brought down- stairs just before the party were
PESHAWAR, Jan. 13th. to return, when there was a drama-
Mirdaman Kahan, the chief of It is to be hoped that the protic development, Commander Eva the Mohamand tribe and King sent stationary period will soon be Booth arriving unexpectedly by Amanulla's greatest supporter at followed by a similarly brighter motor-car from London at noon. Jalalabad, has been murdered. ia further emphasised in eince the Kunar Valley, where he had Commander Eva Booth had not Mirzaman had returned home to
noteworthy that Eva Booth is men- Sufis, when he met his death by tioned as the Council's probable murder as the result of a long nominee for succession to the Gen- standing feud. eral. It is further stated that the challenge to General Booth's posi- tion came from his sister -Commander Eva Booth stood at bay window on the ground floor and watched the arrival of the de putation.
Budden Decision
each week there must be certain ups and downs, and progress must consist of a predominance of ups .over downs.
The King's advance or retrogres sion cannot be measured except by
weeks.
The statements made on Thurs day, for instance, that the King has taken a decided turn for the better to be premature. are stated on the highest authority
KESWICK MURDER. CHINESE BRIDE'S PROPERTY.
[TBROUGH BEUTER'S AGENCE.]
LONDON, Jan. 11th." Her dash from London was the The disposal of the belongings She left herself no time for break Miao, who
was murdered by her fast, taking sandwiches with her, husband in the Lake District in and covered the 110 miles from Lon- June while the couple were on their don to Southwold by motor-car in honeymoon, was the subject of brief proceedings in the Keswick Police just over three hours.
Reuter learned on high authority Court this morning..
The property includes a large
received ten shots in the head and still seems to be fraught with grave having repercussions in other in doctors have still before them areault of a last minute decision. of the late Mrs: Wai Sheung from Labore and has sailed for
ons in the foot while Chang Ying Hua. who attempted to use his revolver, was hit by more than a dozen bullets,
Chinese Account.
Barbed Wire,
dustries.
Twenty-five have been injured in a free fight between strikers at some oil installations and Pathan watchmen, and two are in serious danger.
It is stressed, indeed, that the period of great difficulty, and that the position is by no means entirely free from anxiety.
Milk From Holland,
which is being sent from Amsterdam It is announced that the milk
Seven people were killed and one injured. in the crash of a big army transport Fokker aeroplane soon after leaving the army air. port at Middleston, Pennsylvania. "Aircraftaran Shaw," who is perhaps better known as Lawrence of Arabia, arrived by aeroplane England from Bombay,
The Afghan rebel leader, Bachai Sakaos, and his forces continue with their skirmishing successes the King's troops, some of whom are evidently changing sides. The situation is serious despite the Russian aero- to support the deputation and to pumber of valuable dresses, sad King's concessions.
women to Tashkent, accept the Council's recommenda mately £4,000.
The Japanese to-day erected a barbed wire fence all along the Heachingkai in the rear of the Concession, completely cutting off A Reuter representative at Muk the native section. Entrance to the den learns that Yang Yu Ting and Concession is possible by the gates workmen who were returning from by air. to Buckingham Palace for that she visited her brother in order) Chang Yin Huai were shot at 3 only, all of which are guarded by their work. The Pathans went to His Majesty is a special dairy pre-attempt to persuade the General to jewellery to the value of approxi-planes have evacuated 25 Russian
a.m. on Friday morning after ↓ five hour trial by a special military court. The charges were those of insubordination, plotting to over throw the Government and gross misappropriation of public funds. Mukden remains peaceful.
(Wah Te Fat Päe). Oficial Declaration..
SHANGHAI, Jan. 13th. The following is the declaration issued by General Chang Hsuch Liang and other Manchurian leaders after the execution of Yang Yu Ting and Chang Yin Huai:-
marines.
The exodus of Chinese from the Concession continues and picketing outside the Concession goes on a abated, but Chinese only are held up, while Japanese are left severely alone. The pickets seem very care. ful to avoid trochle with the Japanese guards, keeping at ati times a respectable distance from the boundaries. ('')
(Wah T. Tat Pao). Picket Nuisance,
SHANGHAI, Jan. 13th. The Japanese consular authori
Yang Yu Ting and Chang Yinies have made representations to Husi have for a long time acted General Hu Chung Tu demanding in conspiracy against the present the co-operation of the Chinese Manchurian regime with the result
authorities for the suppression of
ers came into conflict with loyal The trouble started when strik-
3.8
the assistance of the loyal work. paration, known Acidophitus in which stones and sticks were obtainable only in Amsterdam. men and a pitched battle ensued milk, for weak digestions and is freely used. Shope in the locality severa! jewellers were looted. were extensively damaged
WONDERFUL MOTOR
LIFEBOAT.
SAFEGUARD FOR THE CHANNEL.
RESCUE SERVICE FOR AEROPLANES,
and
[KRITION WIRELESS SERVICE.]
RUGBY, Jan. 19th. The largest and fastest metar
that the Manchurian Government the nuisance of pickets." Gen. has been hindered in its co-opera Hu in reply said that the anti-lifeboat yet built is to be stationed tion with the Narking regime and the practical unification of the Japanese movement was purely a whole country has been rendered Popular one and it was out of the impossible.
power of the Government to do so.
BIG SWATOW FIRE.
INDISPOSITION OF THE QUEEN.
A SLIGHT COLD.
LONG PERIOD OF STRAIN,
{THROUGH BEUTER'S AGENCY.]
LONDON, Jan. 12th. Router is authoritatively inform ed from Buckingham Palace that
room. HM. the Queen is suffering from a slight cold and is keeping to her It is understood that no bulletin will be issued regarding the Queen's condition. The cold is of a minor character and is not sufficiently. serious to justify a bulletin, but in view of the coldness of the weather it is considered advisable that Her Majesty should remain in her rooms at the Palace.
Anxious Stralf. The long and anxious strain of -late Marshal, we have done our best over three hundred houses were The hoat will be lighted by
to effect the settlement of out destroyed and three persons were tricity and will have a searchlighttributed to the Queen's indisposi standing problems between Man killed, the total loss being esti- motor power will be provided by Queen has conducted her duties and a line-throwing gun. The tion. Throughout the ordeal the churia and the Nanking Govern mated at several million dollars. ment in accordance with his will, The are started in a tin shop and to 375 hp Thornycroft engines with wonderful 'composure and on but Yang and Chang have repest soon spread to a kerosene store of the type used on the coastal the two occasions when she attend. edly attempted to obstruct the pro- Despite the efforts of the fire motor boats in the Navy..
They have not only conspired against the present regime but have also acted contrary to the will of the late Marshal Chang Tso Lin who expressed his wish for peace and the unification of the whole country. "
2
Repeated Obstruction.
at Dover by the National Lifeboat Institution. She has been special ly designed to aid aeroplanes which may come own while crossing the Channel, and will also be at the service of the cross-Channel steamer She will be the first lifeboat An unusually big fire occurred in fitted with wireless telephony, and Swatow on last Friday afternoonis ei feet long, with a speed of 17 Jasting over twenly hours until the or 18 kaote. There will be two
(Wah T Tai Pao),
SWATOW, JaL, 12th."
trafic.
After the untimely death of the next morning, with the result that cabins to hold about fiftype the King's illness has probably con
gress of negotiations with Nationalist authorities."
the brigade, great damage was done before the fire was got under con-
VESSELS COLLIDE NEAR
General Chang Hsueh Liang has trol notified the Japanese Consul at Makden that, as the reaětionary elements in Manchuria have been suppressed, al diplomatic affairs concerning Japan will be trans- ferred to the care of the Napking Government.
Condolence Money.
SHANGHAI
ACCIDENT IN HEAVY FOO.
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.].
SHANGHAI, Jan. 13th: The steamers Glenogle and City Ting as condolence money and has of Bedford, both bound for Shang
Chang Hauch Linng has offered BT0,000 to the family of Yang Yu
ORDERS FOR BRITISH AIRCRAFT.
LARGE CONSIGNMENT FOR CANADA
[BRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE]
Ruony, Jan. 19th. An order for one hundred sero- planes and seaplanes, the largest individual order for British air- craft ever obtained from overseas, also offered to pay all funeral, ex-hai, collided in a heavy fog thirty has been received by the De Havil
miles from Shanghai this morning land Aircraft Compány
from Although Yang Yu Ting's leading The accident took place near the Canada in face of severe competi- subordinates are still in custody, it Kintoan Jghtship, which was aption from other countries. The is reported that Weng Chih Din is parently damaged As a Customs purchasers include the Ontario
penses...
ed public functions her demeanour. has been one of great calmness.
The past few weeks have beca perhaps more trying to the Queen than to anyone else, since the task of carrying out daties on behalf of the King has fallen her,
LATER
on
It in officially learned that the Queen's cold is better, but Her Majesty is keeping to her rooms,
NEW YORK RUBBER EXCHANGE.
ANOTHER RECORD BROKEN.
[RECTER'S AMERICAN SKEVICE}
NEW YORK, Jan. 13th. The Rubber Exchange has been orders, and a trading records for Saturday have been broken, 9,520 contracts changed hands during the two hours- session.
tions...
After a statement by the appli- The Soviet, in their reply to the It is learned that Commander cant's solicitor, the Magistrates' Polish Note, say that by advancing Eva Booth, who had not seen her ordered the property to be deliver a number of conditions Poland has brother since her arrival from ed to the brother of the deceased virtually rejected the proposed un- America. was in General Booth's lady in Hong Kong, Mr. Siu Po conditional mutual rejection of ag
The Soviet says they. house when the High Council's de Lau, subject to the production of gression.
letters of administration. putation arrived, but had not scen
have not approached Rumania or An order was also made for the the Baltic, atates except Lithuania bim by the time they came.
She left the house shortly after sale of any property of Dr. Chung because the latter alone has adher- the deputation, with tears in her who paid the extreme ed to the Kellogg Fact.
penalty for his crime a few weeks sga.
It will be recalled that early last A statement was later issued on month, the body of Mrs. Miso was behalf of General Booth by his exhumed and sent, in a lead shell, nurse, Brigadier Smith, who said to Liverpool for re-burial in Hong that the General received the de- Rong. putation "calmly and wonderfully, like the saint of God he is"
eyes.
Nursa's Statement.
Brigadier Smith added that Gen eral Booth heard the decision of the High Council last night from his wi
ing: "I wonder who is in this?"
He took it very calmly, only say-
prayed with them for their familice. When the deputation arrived he He seemed quite undisturbed by their statement
The Secretary General of the League of Nations has published the United States proposal to the League opium consultative commit- tee through the Dutch Government for the limitation of production of dangerous druga. It is claimed that, if adopted, the proposal will AMERICAN ADVISERS FOR result in a radical improvement of
the present situation.
NANKING.
TWO EXPERTS ON PUBLIC FINANCE.
It is learned that Mr. Yoshizawa, Japanese Minister at Peking, is returning to his post next week via Shanghai. This is the result Arthur Nichole Young, Director of
Washington, January 7th:-Mr. cficial circles declare they are of the recent development, and the Economic Division of the State hopeful of effecting a settlement re- garding the Chinese tariff question Department, has resigned his post by means of an exchange of notes Brigadier Smith also stated that and will accompany the well-known before the new scale is enforced on she was convinced that General economist and author, Professor February 1st.. Booth would completely recover Edwin Walter Kemmerer, to Nan. from his serious illncas.
MINER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.
FUNDS.
[BRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE.]'
"RUGBY, Jan. 11th. As a result of the depression in the coal-mining industry, the Miners Federation has been faced with the question of providing ade quate funds to enable it to have a suficient number of Parliamentary candidates at the coming. General
king as advisera on public finance Sir Charles Addis and Sir. Basil to the Chinese Government. They Blackett will be the British deputy expect to stay in China at least five experts on the Reparations Com
mittee. Mr. Young is an economist of note A feature of the London markets and the author of several books and to-day was a sharp rise in
years.
FEDERATION'S SHORTAGE OF articles dealing with finance. He of rubber, which lie in the price has held several important posts, 0.1/18d. per pound to 10d. before including that of adviser reacting to 02d The arrivals of taxation to the Mexican Govern-rubber since the abolition of. ment, 1918; trade commissioner to restriction have been much lower investigate financial conditions in than anticipated, and, at the same Spain for the United States Depart time, trade demands are increasing ment of Commerce, 1919; financial Rubber shares improved substan adviser to the Government of Hon- tially in sympathy duras, 1920-21; associate, of the
It is learned that Mr. Lloyd American observer with the Repard- George, the Liberal leader, has de preparation of the Dawes Plan in the Mediterranean. With his tions Commission, Paris, during the cided to go for a yachting cruise 1924, and expert during the United family, he will leave London on The Federation, at a meeting to States foreign debt ncgotiations, Sunday morning. Mr. Lloyd day, decided to run the same num
Professor Kemmerer, who has bad influenza, and he is anxious to be George has had a severe attack of ber of candidates as last year, and,
distinguished career in order to meet the expenditure,
asan quite fit for the arduous election. adopted a scheme whereby the economist and as the author of campaign that he intende to under Political Fund is to be readjusted many books dealing with monetary take as soon as he returns. If the so that the richer districts will con- systems and finadice, was financial weather is sufficiently good, the tribute to the support of the poorer adviser to the Government of yacht will go to the Dardanellega Mexico, 1917, and to the Govern- Mr. Lloyd George is particularly senting miners have agreed on a 1023 was appointed United States was one of the most heroic and one
Members of voluntary reduction of their al-Trade Commissioner in South of the most tragic chapters in the Rowance from the Federation.
annals of British history..
Election,
1024-28.
likely to be released shortly as there boat went to the scene the vessels, Provincial Government, the Cana- swamped with a deluge of buying districts Parliament. repre- ment of Guatemala, 1919, and in anxious to visit the scene of what:
is no evidence to connect him with the conspiracy, though two others, Chang Hauna, and. Ku Chen, have been proved guilty.
which were not seriously damaged, dian Royal Air Force, Canadian anchored for the time being and flying clubs, and private persons then proceeded to Shanghai and The value of the contract is berthed under their own steam... estimated at about £75,000,-
America.-Reuter.
11