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THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 131, 1928.
FRENCH ARMY AND CONSCRIPTION.
· EFFECT OF ONE-YEAR- SERVICE.
CONSCRIPT OR PROFES-
"SIONAL ARMY?
PARIB, Oct. 17th. When M. Painlevé again appear ed before the Finance Committee of the Chamber, to explain the estimates of the Ministry of War, he was immediately asked why the estimates showed an increase of some 500,000,000 francs (8,400,000] over those of last year. A large part of the increase was due,
he repeated, to higher prices and changes in the methods of account- ing, and most of the balance could be attributed to the measures re- quired for the institution of one year service. For the first time, however, M.
Painlevé deßnitely undertook to bring the one year period into effect in November, 1999; men born. in" November and December, 1908, would be called up in November of next year and re- leased in 1830.
+
Socialls, Attitude. Some speculation has been dased upon M. Painleve's statement that only an abandonment of the system of conscription could secure substantial reduction of military expenditure and that no respon sible person would undertake such change. The Peuple, which is the organ of the French trade. unious, has published an analysis of the arguments for a professiona! rather than a conscript army. The article was non-committal,' and re- frained from that condemnation of the professional system which has for so long represented the view of the Radical element. This, taken in conjunction with the Socialist manifesto against the "intolerable burden" of military expenditure, seems to indicate a possible change in the attitude of those who had hitherto been the sworn enemies of the voluntary system.
CRACKS IN DOME OF ST.
PETER'S.
FOUNDATIONS OF PORTICO
ALSO AFFECTED...
PROMPT REPAIR NEEDED.
*
Ross, Oct. 12th. The condition of certain parts of St. Peter's, while not causing pai due slarm, is nevertheless giving grave concern to those responsible for the preservation of the enthe dral. Cracks have suddenly ap- peared at the base of the large sup- parting column at the angle of the partice on the Sacristy side, near the famous equestrian statue of Charlemagne,
These cracks at some points be- come definite splits extending al- most half. an inch. Temporary efforts to fill them up have been cracking. unsuccessful, the new material also
On the segments of the dome there are similar cracks, which, although of long standing and well known to the engineers in charge of the cathedral, have reached a stage at which serious repair work must be commenced. While deny ing that there is any reason to describe the dome as in peril, the cathedral authorities insist that re pairs must be begun during this month. and cement injected into the cracks; but even when the work is completed I understand that the chaies which at present girdle the cupola will be retained for greater security.
Percolation of Water.
The work of reinforcing the por- tice pillars will be a much more difficult task, and may involve local reconstruction, reaching right down th the foundations of the affected column's. The cracks are presumed to have been caused by the sinking of the pillar foundation as the result of excavations made for a pipeline which runs from the Jani- culum to the Tiber, and passes by the Bank of St. Peter's. Water has percolated from the ditch thus created, and has partially under- mined the side of the atrium
entrance.
The objection of the average Frenchman to any system which
The engineers maintain that the makes soldiering a profession is stability of the cathedral is in no that, since the Revolution, such way affected. But, nevertheless, systems have been regarded as cer restoration at top and bottom tain to place the armed force of dome segments and portico founda- the State at the disposal of polititions has become imperative and cal and generally reactionary in cannot be delayed without serious Auences. The conscript system, it consequences. is alleged, is less dangerous "to pence than the professional system, since it is more dependent upon penular good will; a population. in arms is less likely, so it is argu- ed, than an armed class to become an instrument of civil war. The principle of universal service has thus become an essential part of the social structure, and a political tradition of France, And the coun- try is unlikely to abandon the com- pulsory for the voluntary system. Special Needs.
1
It is no secret, however, that cer- tain military circles would like to build up a highly trained and highly efficient professional force in place of the present half-train-
ed mask.
But there are serious
difficulties in the way, apart from the fact that such a change might cause an outburst of public feeling which no Government could with stand. Great Britain and Ger- many have to-day highly trained professional and volunteer armies, which each number about 100,000 men, and these are sufficient for their immediate needs; but France has land frontiers some 800 miles long, and it is estimated that for home defence alone, without any margin for offensive action or for operations abroad, at least 300,000 mén are required. In order to secure comfortable liberty of ac- tion double that number is neces-
JURY'S *** UNINTELLIGIBLE
VERDICT."
MUDDLE FOREIGNERS IN WHITECHAPEL COUNTY
COURT.
Verdict for defendants; no negligence, sheer accident. We give plaintif £30 when he is 21."
This verdict, returned by a White- chapel County Court jury-said to have been chiefly composed of for- eigners-was brought to the notice
of a Divisional Court, when the de-
fendants in the action successfully contended that the Judge ought to have entered a verdict for them instead of ordering a new trial.
The action was one in which an'
infant sued for damages for per- sonal injury alleged to have been caused by the negligent driving of a motor-car belonging Messrs. Lucraft and Sons, Limited.
Mr. Grundy, for the appellants, said that Judge Cluer, when he beard the verdict, remarked': An unintelligent jury and an unin- telligible verdict. In his note of the case the Judge stated that on consideration be regarded the var- dict
contradictory and in. consistent that he thought he ought to have entered judgment for the defendants and regretted that he had no power to do so.
Knowledge Of Englisk, *.
sary, and thus we arrive at the figure of about 800,000' men. This consists at present of a cadre of professional oficers and N.C.O.s and about five times as many young conscripts. The training of
Mr. Rubens, for the 'respondent, the conscripts, when it only lasts
said it was difficult to understand for one year, will be confined to the bare elementa
what the jury said or to know, whe of 'military education. If a separate profes-her they understood English. siera army of 200,000 were sub Mr. Justice Action, allowing the Mr. Justice Swift, who sat with stituted, enormous expenditure would be necessary to give it appeal, said that the jury ought to degree of efficiency which would have stopped at the words, Ver compensate for its numerical wenk-dict for the defendants." Possibly ness. All units-infantry, cavalry, it was their intention to pay the and artillery-to say nothing of plantiff the 250 out of their own air forces, would have to be com-
pockets. (Laughter.) pletely rearmed and reequipped; mechanization would have to be Laken seriously in hand, and the increase in M. Painlevé's estimates would be much greater than it is
at present.
Peace Agreements.
the expiry, in 1835, of the military sanctions authorized by the Ver sailles Treaty. It appears to be the soldiers view that, after 1935, a recrudescence of the German military system is to be expected, and that provision must be made for that event. --
Agreements, and the Peace Fact now figuring in the expenditure
|
NEW FIGHTER-'PLANE.
SPEED INCREASES, AT HIGE ALTITUDES.
29,000 FEET UP IN HALF AN HOUR:
It was recently announced that the Air Ministry has selected as à standard single-seater fighter the Bristol. Bulldog with Bristol air- cooled 420-h.p.. Jupiter engine. At first one squadron will be equipped with the Bulldog.
This machine was chosen after a very close competition between the products of several designers. · So difficult was it to choose the best that finally two machines, the Bulldog and another, were -Dent round" to a number of fighter squadrons in turn so as to obtain the opinions of a number of pilots. Consequently we may feel certain that the Bulldog is an extremely fine aeroplane.
A Bristol single-seater fighter very like the Bulldog was exhibited at the recent Aero Exhibition in Paris, and some facts.concerning this machine are of interest. The framework of the machine is all made of metal covered with ordin ary fabric, and strip steel enters, largely into the construction. The speed of the machine at "ground level is not more than 148 miles per hour, but the engine used is super- charged for altitude work, and so the speed increases with the altitude until at 13,000 feet the machine can do 178 miles per hour. What this means in a fighter loaded "with machine-guns and seventy gallons of petrol, etc., may be realised when it is recalled that only five years ago in 1923, the Schneider Cup was won by the United States at a speed of 177 miles per hour. After climb- slightly decreases, but still ing about 13,000 feet the speed- at 29,200, which is higher than Mount Everest, this fighter can still fly at It rate of 140 miles per hour. elimb is also quite astonishing. It' can reach 13,000 feet in just over eight minutes, and 28,000 feet in thirty-one minutes. The span of The the top planes is 33ft. 10in. lower planes are smaller.
Once before, during the war, the chine which was adopted by the Bristol company produced a ma- Royal Air Force. That was the
two-seater known
as the Bristol
Fighter. It is no longer regarded as a fighter, but is still in use by those squadrons which specialise on army co-operation work. The Bris. tol Fighter and the standard Avro are the two most remarkable designs of aeroplanes ever produced in that they have been in use so many years. But standards of perform- ance have increased rapidly of late, and by all those standards the marvel of 1928 is the Bristol Balldog.
WHEN IS A FISH NOT A
* FISH?
LONDON, STALLHOLDERS TO RESIST AN EDICT.
What is" fish f
The Stepney Borough Council has decided the point.
Dried salmon apparently, is not fish, pickled herringa apparently are not Esh, bloaters and kippers apparently are not fish, salt fish, popalar on Good Fridays and other fast days, apparently is not fish.
All other fish is fish.
The Stepney Borough Council's decision in the matter has its amusing side, but it has angered the fish traders of Wentworth- street, which adjoins Petticoat- lane (Middlesex-street), for these traders have been refused a re- the newal of their licences on
and
grounds of contamination
want of space.
The continued sale of "pickled " fish is allowed, and none of the traders in other wares is subject to the prohibition.
A.stall-to-stall search was carried out by a council inspector, accom- panied by police, constables, and names and addresses of traders continuing to sell fish were taken. The fab traders claim that Went- worth-street was a fish market ex- clusively 150 years ago and they have stated their intention, licence or no licence, to open their stalls to-day to see what happens.
An appeal is to be lodged at the T'etty Sessions.
QUEEN'S
THEATRE.
SPECIAL PRESENTATION OF THE EPIC MOTION PICTURE
THE
KING
OF
It is possible to point out that Germany is now reduced to 100,000 men, and that, if Germany is re- garded as a potential enemy, a The Finance Committee, having similar force should be sufficient concluded its examination of the for the defence of France And Army Estimates, discussed those of one may well ask whether the the Ministry of Marine, which had League of Nations, the Disarma already been reduced by the 37 ment Conference, the Locarno million franes [about £450,000] have no bearing on the situation, of the new Air Ministry. The The fact is that Ministers at pre- Committes decided to pass the sent accept, and are likely to go credits allotted for the 1928 section on accepting, the views of their of the naval building programme, military experts without effective but to reserve the 1029 section, as criticism; and the military experts to which a special vote will be necessarily base their calculations taken when it has been re-examin-THE STORY OF THE LIFE exclusively upon military data. ed by the naval commissions of the Political arrangements may give Senate and Chamber. The Naval hope of a change, but in the eyes Estimates were reduced by 47 mil of the Ministry of War they can lian francs [about £370,000] and not be counted upon for more than the Military Estimates by 64 mil- a breathing space, and this breath- lion franes [about £300,000], mak ing space will come to an end with ing a total of 111 million" Iranes Cuanjog jau to partiju) for the two services.-The Times.
KINGS
OF CHRIST. Commencing
TUESDAY, Nov. 27th,
THREE PERFORMANORS DAILY 2.30, 6.00 and 9.15;
Norma SHEARER
THIS fascinating ploture is dedicated to the enterprising salesman and to his equally up-to-the mladte bobbed haired, short skirtäd competitor I
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DARING EXPOSE OF A LUXURY-MAD AGE! PAULINE STARKE
AT THE
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WOMEN LOVE
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Orchestra 6.15 & 9.20.
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Interpreter 2.30 & 7.15.
MARY ROBERTS RINEHEART'S famous novel transferred to the screen in
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GLORIA
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SWAN
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AN ALLAN DWAN PRODUCTION
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