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CHANGING NAMES
1
IN RUSSIA.
LENIN AND TROTSKY TOWNS.
HUMOURS OF REVOLUTION. ARY PSYCHOLOGY,
"MISS DIAMATA."
MISSION PROPERTY |CHURCH AND STATE.
LOOTED.
IN NORTHERN HONAN." -
VILLAGE APPROVES OF A VICTROLA.
FILTH AND RUIN.
ences that they will not soon for get...
E
CHALLENGE BY THE
PRIMATE..
CHURCH'S RIGHT TO SHAPE ITS WORSHIP,
INQUIRY PROPOSED..
LONDON, July 3rd.
accept the revised Prayer Book.
After an exile of 13 months spent In a firm and unemotional voice Moscow. chiefly in Peking and Tientsin, a the Archbishop of Canterbury set Names, like other old landmarks, party of seven men recently visited out before the Church Assembly. have been changing at a rapid pace the stations of the United Church which met yesterday at Church in Russia since the Revolution. of Cahada Mission in North Honan. House, Westminister, the position The records show that twenty thou-They saw sights and had experi-created by Parliament's refusal to
and family and proper names have been officially altered during the last ten years; and this takes no account of the new appellations which have come into more or less general use
Soviet under the régime, And a study of the map reveals sixty-six cities and towns of the Soviet Union which have exchanged old names for now.
The rush to change family and proper naines after the Revolution was to some extent a reaction from the extreme strictness which the Taarist authorities always showed in this connection. In former times a Russian subject who for any reason was dissatisfied with his name found it difficult to ob- tain legal permission for a change. Sometimes the officials gratified a questionable taste in humour in considering petitions of this kind. So, in one instance, a family whose Russian name signified Donkey" was only permitted to exchange it for the name "Pig."
The Archbishop received a great welcome. Bishops, clergy and laity and the crowded galleries clapped their hands for three minutes.
The two compounds at Changte they found fully occupied. The hospital compound is wrecked, but the other compound is even Dow in the process of being looted and destroyed, writes one of the party. The Primate in his addrose said He adds: The military in posses- they had been told that the House sien made it very clear that they of Commons was arrogantly claim- did not want any foreigners about while they were at work. Weihwei ing to take in hand the absolute compound was also occupied, and a control of the belief and worship of woebegone sight. is presented. The walls of the two burned buildings the Church of England, but he did stood up stark against the sky not think that such a far-reaching and while the other residences still challenge was intended. He add- had roofs, there was little left
ed: under them.
Cemetary Desecrated.
The Jarge new hospital was win- dowless, doorless, and bedless. The wells were filled with filth. The little cemetery bad been used as a atrine, and most of the stones had been overturned and broken.
Taokow is the town at the cast- eru terminus of the Taoching Rail way, and the Mission compound has three houses, and some Chinese school buildings. It was found to be occupied by some 1,300 troops.
The officer in command gave us permission to inspect the houses and compound, and detailed junior officer to take us around. This officer was at great pains to imprese upon as that his troops had formerly belonged to Chuan Fang, and accordingly had never had anything to do with loot- ing foreign compounds.
17
Sun
It was found that the complete freedom of changing names, which was introduced immediately after the Revolution, lent itself to abuses. Criminals took advantage of this right and some persons adopted indecent or objectionable names. The law at the present time pro- vides that persons who have reach- ed the age of eighteen may adopt new names provided the latter do not injuriously affect the interests of the State, of society, or of pri- vate individuals. The right of the wife to retain her maiden name after marriage, so hotly champion-party went, stepping gingerly over ed by feminists in America, is not the sprawled-out bodies of dozing at issue in. Russia, where either soldiers. In the centre of what had party in a marriage may freely been the sitting room was a large black pot, and around it squatted keep or change his or her original a bunch of half naked braves, 7o-
freshing the inner man.
name.
2
From room to room the little
1,500 Bocks Burned. The houses were stripped of furniture, with the exception of a dizing room table, and a few broken chaire. The walls were punched full of holes, where pege had been driven in, on which to hang equipmeat. The windows were almost all broken, and some' frumes and doors were smashed or missing. The foreign furnaces were ripped open. They evidently thought they might have been used
to hide
#Anti-Christ" As à Mame. "Praise-God Barebones and other picturesque scriptural appel- lations of the time of Cromwell have their parallels in Soviet Rus- sin. Foreign relief workers in an obscure Russian country town dis covered a very young citizen of the Soviet Union whom an uncompro- nisingly anti-religions parent had dubbed "anti-Christ." It cannot be said that this name is common; and should the lot of its bearer be cast in a peasant village he will
treasure, Or perchance quite probably find it socially ad- visable to discard it in favour of they thought they were safes. Of some 1,600 books left in the houses, some name which is more conven- tional and less likely to be associat- not a single leaf was in evidence. ed with droughts, hailstorms and They had been torn up and then But burned. It will require thousands other natural calamities. zealous Communist parents quite of dollars to replace and repair frequently bestow on their offspring what a few soldiers have ruthlessly such names as "Vladlen" (the and recklessly destroyed.
the name The compound itself did not pre- initial syllables of
sent an attractive appearance. The Ninel " Vladimir Lenin) or
foreign fruit trees and rose bushes, (Lenin's name written backward).
Girl babies in some cases have for which the compound was locally been started in life with such names famous have been destroyed, and as "Barrikada" (Barricade) and in their places are a series of mud
Elektrifikatsia" (Electrification). stoves, Perhaps the most formidable of there new
was. Diamata, which, as the proud parent explain ed, was an abbreviation for Dialec tic Materialism.
1
names
Renamed Towns,
The Stolen Victrola.
While the 1st Army started the merry work, they did not do the serious looting.
This was the work of the "53rd Division of the 3rd Army, ako under the command of Feng Yu As might have been expected,
Hsiang, and it continued during Lenin has been the chief beneficiary. the months of Auguet and Septem in the changed names of cities and
her. A certain major, Li Gin towas. Besides Leningrad, there is
Sheng, whose home is near Tao- Leainakan, formerly Alexandropol, ow, took much of the stuff, and in Armenia; and the highest moun- tain in Russia, formerly Mount at the time, reports reached me that the inhabitants of the Cow Kaufman, in the Pamir region,
Market Village were most appre- has been renamed Mount Lenin. Moreover, Lenin's birthplace, Sim-ciative of the songs of Galli-Curci,
has been birsk,
rechristened as played on my Victrola
The people were amazed to see Ulianovak, in honour of the actual
They gazed at ue in family name of the Bolshevik us back.
speechless wonder, They imagined leader.
The cities, and towns which we had all fled from China. There formerly bore such familiar Tsarist was however ab trace of antagon- names as Nicholas, Alexander, and ism, and at Tackow none of the Catherine have almost invariably looting or stealing was done by the been rechristened. So Ekaterinburg natives, although it is very prob in the Urala is now Sverdlovsk; able that some of them have made some good bargains during the past in Ukraina is Ekaterinoslav Dmicpropetrovsk; the new name of year. Alexandrovsk is Zaporozhe, and Ekaterinodar, the former capital of the White General Denikin, is officially Krasnodar.
been
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"
"Trotzk."
The visit was brief, but it was sufficient to be permitted to see what had been done, by the soldiers of the Kuominthum, and what will need to be done by us before our
habitable. bo compounds will P&T. Times.
17
Soviet precedent is rather against naming towns after living political of figures, although the town Tsaritsin, on the Lower Volgo, has
renamed Stalingrad, in When the prestige of Gregory honour of the potent Secretary of Zinoviev stood, high in the Com- the Conftaunist Party Central Communist councils his native town of mittee. Two examples illustrate Elizavetgrad, in Ukrenis, sought the peril of bestowing permanent and obtained the honour of chang honour of such a kind on men ing its name to Zinovievsk. When whose political fate is subject to Zinoviev's star set another altera- the mutabilities of fortune. The tion was obviously in order; and town of Gatchina, near Leningrad, the town Elizavetgrad-Zinovievsk was called Trotzk, in recognition found a refuge in this dilemma by. of Trotzky's services in the defence adopting the name Dzerzhinsk, of Petrograd against Yudeaitch, in after Felix Dzerzhinsky, famous sa the Russian Civil War. Now it the organiser of the Chekha, and has been obliged to adopt another later President of the Russian new name of Krasnoarmeisk (Red Supreme. Economic Council. Army soldier), which being less asmuch as Darahinsky is dead the personal, may prove more durable. town seems safe. against any fur (Continued at font of next column.) ther variations-London Observer.
In-
If the House of Commons by its vote-a yote which I deplore is supposed to have fouted the well-proven working arrangement of Church and State, the House did it with no intent of a constitu- tional kind.
Many of those who rejected the resolution believed, however mis- takenly, that they were voicing the real underlying wish of a majority of Church folk in Eng- land. That is my own view as to the vote given. '
But the vote has been given and the consequence may be far- reaching. It might have been different. At some periods of our history it would have been dif- fereat.
M.P's Influenced, But the House of Commons in exercising its unquestionable legal power departed, lamentably as it seems to me, from the reasonable spirit in which alone the balanced relationship of Church and State in England can be satisfactorily and harmoniously carried on.
While claiming to appraise Church opinion, the House of Commons deliberately traversed It the feelings of the Church. allowed itself to be influenced not by the great central body of Church opinion but by the repre- sentatives of the strange and vehemently opposed groups and factions of Churchmen, united only in their resolve to defeat the Book.
I have been in touch during the the last week with the whole body of diocesan bishops, save two who I am ..were unavoidably absent.
allowed to atter what I am about to say with their concurrence.
It is a fundamental principle that the Church that is, the: bishops, together with the clergy and the laity-must in the last resort, when its mind has been
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fully ascertained, retain its in-trative action of the episcopate QUEEN'S THEATRE
alienable right, in loyalty to our! Lord and Saviour, to formulate its faith in Him, and to unite the expression of that faith in all its forms.
It is our firm hope that when the facts have been considered, some strong and capable com. mittee of statesmen and Church- men may be appointed to weigh afresh the existing law in order to see whether any readjustment is required for the maintenance, under the conditions of our own age, of the principle which we have here and now reasserted.
There is something which causes more anxiety and distress than even the fact of the House of Com mous vote. It has 'meant for me the disappointment of the hope of expectation which I had cherished with my whole soul.
None can escape the feeling" of our common shame that groups within the Church itself should, however conscientiously, have set themselves to upset, and to have succeeded in upsetting the vote of this Assembly and the delibe rate judgment of the Church as therein expressed.
That cannot but be depressing. It affords to us all food for selli inquiry.
We are at this moment nearor together than appearances might I. still believe in the suggest.
actual possibility-nay, in the coming into life of the unity for which we have striren and pray .ed.
No New Book At Present,
I cannot see how this Assembly can be expected to present a far- ther Prayer Book measure at the present time to Parliament. If We are to judge by recent publica- tions, no measure worthy of the name would be uncontroversial, and it would be indefensible and unreal to omit the very parts wherein our difficulty lies. Nearly all our difficulties centre round the most solema of our services-the Holy Communion.
But this situation cannot be allowed to drift. The Church is responsible for the ordering of its
(Continued on next Column).
receiving, as we trust it will, the consent of the clergy and laity.
As the bishops are bent on securing a reasonably coherent plan of administration, they are entitled to rely on the support of the Church at large, and not least on the support of those who have refused them the weapon they de sired for orderliness, and who yet expect their administrative work to be carried on.
Bishops' Next Move.
Such are the facts, plain" and well know, and we are going to do our best. No coherent scheme can possibly be put forward in these rather feverish weeks. Not only is delay inevitable, but it is not, I think, harmful. The bishops will have to consider what varia- tions from the old prescribed law, the, unworkable law, they can or ought to sanction.
Now, for the first time in these long years, we have in our hands the deliberate expression of what the Church . England, does de- sire in such deviations and 'addi" "tions. We are not, and shall not for the present, be in a position. to authorise the new Book as such, nor do the bishops propose to invite from the convocations the synodical approval of the book! which under other conditions they would have, sought. To do so now would be to raise quite needicaaly B constitutional issue: Such, there- fore, is not our intention.
In the Book there are many things which will furnish us with what guidance in determining may rightly be permitted or pre- scribed in the present situation. The bishops are to meet again in September for further conside sation of these problems, and doubtless after that meeting cach bishop will take such counsel with bis diocese as he finds to be desir Able.
Further, the Church's central deliberative bodies, and above all our convocations, must in due
course be consulted, and the chambers of laity, in addition to our central Lay House, must
clearly be in close touch with what we do.
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