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THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, JULY 3rd, 1928.
COMBINATIONS IN INDUSTRY.
A GROWING MOVEMENT.
SEVERAL INTERNATIONAL COMBINATIONS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED.
DANGERS OF STATE INTERFERENCE.
[BY HAROLD COX.)
M.P. IN WHISKY-RUNNING DEAL.
7,500 CASES FOR UNITED STATES.
DISPUTE OVER SCHEME THAT FELL THROUGH.
How a member of Parliament was financially interested in a scheme to ship whisky to the United States was described during the bearing of an action before Mr. Justice Wright in the High Court, in which Sir Harry 'Seymour Foster, Conserva. tive, M.P., for Centrul Portsmouth, of St. James's Court, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, claimed dam. ages for alleged breach of agree. exchange for £3,500 and a declara. pients, and the return of a bill of
tion that it was void.
That there is an increasing ten- they must seek customers for their dency among leaders of industry to, products. In many cases this can drganiac trade combinations is a only be done successfully by the maiter of common knowledge. The establishment of some definite link movement takes two forms: in between manufacturers and mer some cases firms which still minin-charts, so that the manufacturing tain their separate identities are side of business may be kept con linked together in a federation or stantly informed as to the special
The defendants were Messrs. J. carte), for purposes of common wants of each market, while the defence and common advantages: merchanting sidetries to push the ing as the Tower Trading Syndiente, D. Driscoll and A. S. Miller, trad in other cases separate firms are goods that the manufacturer can Harp-lane, London; Mr. F. A. Lind. completely amalgamated in a single most profitably produce. It is imsay, Mark-lane, London; and Mr. unit or combine." Both forms of portant to note that the division The scheme did not fructify, as the A. H. Attfield, of Worthing, Sussex.
between merchant and manufactur
this modern industrial movement are far advanced in the United er "which prevails in England bard- States and in Germany. They are ly exists in foreign countries. A less developed in Great Britain, Dr. Wiedenfeld remarks: "The but have undoubtedly gained ground in the past few years. The movement is also progressing in France and in. Belgiam, and in othe: European countries. Nor is this modern industrial movement "confined to national areas. Already
German conception of business covers not only the organisation of production, but also market rela- tions, and secks means of accom. modating the latter to the require ments of production." On the other hand, in England "there is
decided tendency towards in- dividualism and empiricism, a ten pernicental dislike for systematian tion and organisation." -
several international 'combinations & have been established, and there are prospects of the creation of more in the near future. The in-
ternational as well as the national
importance of these developments
Needless to say, it is not always easy to form amalgamations," parti
is fairly obvious, and special afcularly in England, where the epirit ention has been devoted to the of individualism, with the splendid master by the League of Nations.
traditions of national progress. be: Two very interesting studies of hind it, is happily ingrained in the the subject have already been Average man.
Even where an been formed issued by the Economic and Finan amalgamation has
difficulties arice. Each of the man cial Section of the League of Nations. One is by M. Paul deger of the different factories Rousiers, of the Ecole des Sciences that have been grouped together Politiques, and the other by Dr. has his own individual outlook, and wants to push the businees of his Kurt Wiedenfeld, of the University factory, regardless of other fac of Leipzig. Both these professors take the view that on balance in- tories in the amaglamation. If, in dustrial and commercial combina-urder to check this separatist spirit. tions are an advantage to the
world.
Over-Production.
Broadly speaking the tendency to form combinations has its origin in the rapid development of mechan: cal methods of production. With
the aid of modern machinery we
whisky was never got out of bond, It was stated that Sir Harry ex- pected a £4,500 profit from the deal. Mr. W. A. Jowitt, K. C., for Sir Harry Foster, said he understood that if whisky could be shipped to the United States and sold there handsome profits could be made..
27/6 A. Dase.
One defendant, Mr. Attfield, pleaded that he was not a party tu the contract,. and that the transac tion was illegal and contrary to public policy,
Under the contract Mr. Lindsay, who was a whisky distiller, was to sell to Messrs. Driscoll and Miller 7,300 cases of Scotch whisky at 27/0 a case, but as both men were young and had no money it was arranged that Sir Harry Foster should finance the scheme by giving a bill. · Mr. Attfield, who knew the ropes," was to sell the whisky in the United States.
It was agreed that the bill drawn by Sir Harry Foster should be accepted by Mr. Attfield and then endorsed over to Mr. Lindsay, who The would hold it as security. whisky was to be shipped from Leith or Glasgow to Dublin, and then placed in another ship, the Wearholme, which was bought for
Driscoll and Miller to buy the ship the purpose. To enable lesere. Mr. Lindsay advanced £2,500 and Sir Harry Foster £1,000 on mort- Bage.
The contract expressly anticipat- strong central control is estab-ed that Mr. Lindsay would do what shed at headquarters, it becomes was necessary to satisfy the re- difficult to avoid the evils of quirements of the Customs author ities and enable him to ship the whisky, but instead of giving a de- livery order from bond. he gave merely a transfer in bood, with the result that the whole scheme brake
down.
Unstamped Bill.".
bureaucracy. Another disadvaa tage of amalgamation on which M. | Rousiers lays stress is that the multiple firm, if it has secured by State aid a virtual monopoly of can now produce goode at a pace the home market, may, in order to
The bill given by Sir Harry Foster that was hardly dreamt of a bun-expand its business, sell cheaper was not stamped, and it was alleged dred years ago, and the result is abroad than at home. As an illus. that Mr. Lindsay altered and stamped it. The case turned large- that in many cases the power of tration, be mentions that the Gerly on the construction of the con production has outrun the world's man Potash Syndicate used to tract, which placed on the seller capacity for consumption. Is the dump potash at a knock-out price the obligation of getting the whisky
in the United States, with the out of bend result that German farmers paid more than American farmers for German potash.
earlier
of the nineteenth years century, and, indeed, during the greater part of that century, there seemed, so far, at any rate, as" British trade was concerned, to be an almost insatiable'demand for the goods that machinery was able to producé. New factories were con. stantly being built often by in- cipient capitalists who had worked their way up from the position of
Question Of Tarifis, Incidentally, this point leads up to the question of tariffs; for i industrial combines become intern tional, as many probably will do,
the heads of the combine will or
Sir Harry Foster, giving evidence, said when he found that Messrs. Driscoll and Miller had borrowed £500, with the whisky as security, he paid the money-leaders £575, which included £75. interest for one month.
Asked if he knew that the whisky. was to be run into the United States in defiance of the law, Sir understood Mr. Harry said he Attfield had purchasers who ulti- nately intended to take the whisky
to the United States."
Mr. Bevan, K.C.: Has Mr. Lind- say given delivery of £10,000 worth of whisky I cannot say what it is worth.
venturer 1-I suppose we were all co- You entered into this as a co-ad- adventurers in a sense.
11
The hearing was adjourned.
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TALKING FILM LAW SUITS.
NEW RIVAL ALARMS U.S. "THEATRELAND.
ان
"Show Boat."
The second action, it is state will be brought by Mr. Fiorenz Ziegfeld, the famous Follies *** producer, against the Universal company, promoters. of the screen version of “ Show Boat," which it is proposed to produce with full cound," vocal and music effects, in- cluding all Mississippi river noises,
anise the trade as they think best, regardless of the politicians who machine minders to the position of
have devised the tarifs. As Dr. mill managers and these new fac
Wiedenfeld put it," There is no tories 'speedily found a market for doubt that a protective duty on their output. To-day,, except in good controlled by an interna- the case of new industries created ional cartel is losing its raisun d'être." On the general question to meet a new world demand, such of international trade he reaches as the motor industry and the art the sound conciusion that world acik industry, the need for competition 8 keenest in respect additional factories in Great' Bri-
of raw materials and semi-manufac- IZIE has practicaly ceased. Our tured goods produced under condi- trouble now 15 to find work for tions of mass production, and that STORY OF PLOT TO DODGE many of the factories already "in competition tends to diminish in
SYDNEY INQUIRY, being.
intensity in the case of finished Many of these factories are re goods more or less adapted to in- gularly losing money, and it is dividual requirements. Happily a curiously more economical to close good many English manufacturers
Mr. Arnot, the local representa- down the least efficient works, and are realising this fact, and there is tive of the English engineering to concentrate production in the a distinct tendency to concentrate Arm of Babcock and Wilcox, was works that are best designed, sad on the production of high-class recalled before the commission in- are best equipped with up-to-date goods for special markets. If this quiring into charges of corruption more machinery. The process of closing tendency can be combined with the against the city, council. It is down is necessarily painful both to development of closer relations be- alleged that certain members of the the owners and to the workpeopletween merchant and manufacturer Socialist council in power in 1925 Beer employed. But the pain: can be we still be able to hear with com- Mr. the already installed one or other of brass band and dress parades in diminished by amalgamation, for parative equanimity the threatened Mr. Arnot's firm as the price of the the systems have given great con riverside towne, and the entire per- the big new company can make decline in our cruder industries, municipal power-honec contract be sternation to American theatrical formance of the floating troupe producers, who are seeking ways whose fortunes provide the drama. generous arrangements for soften such as the mining of coal and the ing given to the firm..
At the Isat sitting of the commis-and means of imposing legal restric- This action, it is stated, will seek ing the losses. The concentration spinning and weaving of the lower
aion ex-Alderman Holdsworth sugtions on the new invention, says to establish that all existing film of the work will reduce cost of grades of cotton and wool.
M. Routier's general conclusion gosted that Mr. Arnot had received the Daily Express..
contracts based on stage plays or production, and thus give it
Two test cases of immense im- musical performances apply only to chance of recovering markets that is that, as long as combinations the money from Messrs. Babcock
Auch under the old system had been lost are purely voluntary, they can do and Wilcox and had retained it for portance to talking-film develop the "silent" rights
mont will abortly be fought in the material, not to music or spoken Merchant. And Manufacturer is when governments intervens
little haza, and may do much good. his own purposes.
In the course of the hearing Mr. New York courts. One concerns an words, and that this exclusion ap- There is the further question of to make the trust compulsory, ze Arnot's banking account was pro- existing full-length talking film, plies, also to original music that marketing. One of the defects of the German Government did with duced. He declared that certain The Jazz Singer," said to have may be provided for talking, film our present English stem of the. Potash Syndicate in 1908, that large deposits of money were the been booked by more than 200 versions of such plays or perform trading is the almost complete the evil of monopoly arises. In proceeds of sales of land and cinemar, with the result that the ances. 20 separation of the merchant from the United States, where the trust orchard produce.
trical companies touring with the Mr. Jose L. Lasky, the famous the manufacturer. This did not fication movement is purely volun- The solicitor, representing Mr. stage version are alleged to haye American film impresario, speaking perhape matter, much when Eng tary, it only succeeds in covering Maling, the deputy-manager of the suffered great loss, not only be at a luncheon given in London, pro- land was the workshop of the a portion of the induady, and rival Sydney Electricity Department, efuse the film-and-music version is phesied that in the future sound world, but now that other coun- firms continue to flourish. Thus stated that Mr. Albert, the alleged a serious competitor in itself, but films would supersede silent, films. tries have learnt the arts of the public secures the benefits of intermediary for the receipt of the because it features. Mr. Al "The process of developing the machine manufacture British manu- competition as well as the economies money had advised him to get his Jolson, creator of the original stage sound film,” he said, "has dežnite-
client out of the country.. facturers cannot wait for orders; of embination Sunday Timer.
ly and positively arrived.”-
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STAGE LOSSES,
**Talking films," the sensation of America where 000 theatres have
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