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THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. THURSDAY, TEN YEARS OF THE CHEKA.
A STATE "WITHIN THE STATEM.
RUSSIA'S POLITICAL POLICE..
[BY F.
MACKENZIE.]
FEBRUARY 9th, 1928.
HONG KONG STOCK EXCHANGE.
CLOSING QUOTATIONS.
Findlay St, 18, A.K. But $1,135 buy.
De Leut
Chartered Bank...ful buy. Marcantile Bank, A. By uom.
Do.,
P.&O. Bank East Asia Bank.
...
........... 731 buy.
Ogon, thu Russian political police, better known to the world at large as the Cheka, has been celebrating its "tenth anniversary, pilliely parading its gendarmerie throughout Russia. The day has gone by when Ogpu sought to con eval itself. It is now an integral part of the Bussian State, securely entrenched in the Constitution it self, and independent of the con- Move Towards Reform.. trol of any representative body,, This alarmed some of the Com-ala Mining Ad... It is a State within the State. munist leaders, more particularly
Langkat (combined). In December, 1917, shortly after Krylenko, one of the chiefs of the
Do (ingle) Shar Explorations the successful uprising by the Bol Peoples' Commissariat, of Justice. Rasbe
Shanghai Loans thevists, Lenin called on Dzerjhin- There came a long scoret battle, sky, 4 prominent Polish Com- which ended in the reconstruction munist to farm an organisation to of the Che-ka under the name of fight counter-revolution. Dzerjhlu the Gay-Pay-Oo (State Political sky was, in the opinion of many Department) with its central or who knew him, the second most res ganisation the Ogp. Under this markable man in the Bolshevist re
reconstruction the powers of the volution, austere, Tanitical, incer-Che-ka were greatly curtailed, and ruptible, personal relations the Commissariat of Justice was kindly, in public work as merciless given a certain measure of control as the traditional Spanish Inquisi- over its prisoners. tor. Above all, he was an amazing- ty efficient organiser.
Here, without explanation, he was Canton Insurance 1813 bay. conducted to an underground coll Union Insursos... 3).
31 buy 303/2 taust left. The Cheka suspected North China Ina la 145, qu
him of selling State secrets to Chiba Underwriteret bay, 2.10 .
Yangtaze Insurance M. $481 bay. America. (Thore is good reason to Hong Kong Fire la......3860 nom. China Fire Insurance....5213 nom. believe that the whole thing was Donglass
$4 buy, 41 88. a plan worked by White secret Samboats.
326) agents)
27 an 8.5. Tug
og bag. 201 bay.. It took six months to
1.90 l Indo-China (Prof)........3d nom. prove his innocence. Meanwhile Do (DAL) he lay in solitary misery,
Shell Transports .... Waterboat Bengueta
Dzer hinsky's Stak. Dærjhinsky grudhraily gathered a staff around him, one of his chief assistants being Jacob Peters, the Lettish revolutionist, who had stood his trial a few years before at the Oki Badley charged with helping the Houndsditch mur- derers, and had been acquitted. Far some months the Che-ks did nothing very amazing, but when the Social Revolutionist campaign of marder against Communist leaders was followed by the Red Terror, the Che-ka showed its teeth..
A
י
Big business premises were oc- cupied in the hearts of the cities and turned into primitive prisons. Coderground cellars became cells, and upper rooms, had their win- dows blocked with iron sheeting. s than only Ettle glimpses of the sky could be seen. Suspects, and these in company of suspects, were gathered in wholesale, after the mouse and eat method of Czarin Sometimes a batch of
men and gentlewomen would be into a single room, with out any convenience of any kind, and left there for days. People were arrested and forgotten. The Cheka was policeman, judge, and executioner combined."
Prison HorrOIS.
The many familiar, tales of the prison horrors in Russia between 1918 and the end of 1021 (in sorne parts still later) are true in the mass, if not always in detail The unspeakable things done in such prisons as Kharkov at Odessa, and a many others, could hardly be exaggerated. Che-ka became i name at which even Red revolu tionists trembled. No inteligent Communist denies this. The most they plead is that conditions were") abnormal, and that the Whites did things just as bad.
Simultaneously, genuine reform bad been proceeding inside the Cho-ka itsell. The untrained and early years of the revolution were vengeance-seeking agents of the being ousted by a much higher type of official. Many of the ablest and most ambitious of the younger men in Russia have now entered this service, betiering it to be the real centre of state power.
Renewed Vigour.
The new Gay-Pay-Oo was not long content to rest with wings clipped. Within a few months it secured the passage of a decree re viving the Charist exile system, and giving it the power to unrest.
$40
num.
*/ nom.
$171. div. buy.
bay.
Ta lot bom. Tis, 10 nom. 11a. 2.95 nens/
Ti 6.10 nosa, noo.
Tronoh Mines £17/6 bay. K. W.. Docks $174 bay, H.K. & K. Wharf..........135 bay. China Providents ......... 161 buy, 6.30,
47
Hongkem
New Engineering. Shanghai Dooka.... Ewo Cottons m Orientala
Do,
The 163 bay.
*., 6.50
l. 5
12. 97 bay. 'Ms. 7.55.
на
Shanghai Cotton fold)... T's, 43 buy,
(new. The buy H.E. & S. Hatela
$9.30 buy, 8 H.K. Lands.......3061 buy. 87 15. Shanghai Lande .........Tu. 183 bay. Hong Kong Realtion... $8.50 buy. Humphreys Estates... $15; boy., 15.
H.K. Tramways HK. Territorials Peak Trams (old)
$26.60 bag., 27 mel.
8.90/.95 88. $li nom. ཅད་་ས་རུ
Star Ferries $07 bay. 67) sa. ba. (DOT) 36) DOM. China Lightafoomb.).... $17.25 bay.
bay.
Da
Do. (a) H.K Electrics Macno Electrics...
Telephone'.
China Buse
bay. "
$574 aol, 73 na. Sot buy,eam. right
11/9 BO Tl. 84 nom.
вор.
Singapore Tractions China Sugars...bay. Malabon Sugars no Cauton ico
detain, and exile (in conjunction Cements (combined)..... $11 sel, with the Comarissariat of Justice) any person, without open trial, for
11.90 a. political reacens
Do. (old)......$19.com.
(new)......81) BOT
n
Jo.
9
10
The greatest triumph of the Gay-HK. Roper (old) buy. 93 4. Pay-Oo came when the new Con- stitution was adopted. In it the United Anboton
Do. (now) buy. Gay-Pay-Oo was made a part of Dairy Farma...........320 Bel..
...to the State organisation, and even
Watsons given certain powers in the selec Der & Wings
*****....$12 buy. tion of the higher judiciary.
Lane Crawfords............$3,10 sel. Ogpu is under the partial conc
Mackintosha................ sol of the People's Commissurs. Wm. Fewells. the contra Dement. It has its Amnements......$254 hug.
Sinceres
bay..
own strong and efficient zandar
ELK. merie, a irge force of Communist 'que. Izdus, G. Bonds...60% bny. H.K. Constructions $1 nom. troops, who would be capable i! H.K. Gort. Loans.........5% prem. buy. necessary of putting down any or dinary uprising in the regular bay-buyers; sel-sellary; m-sales; army itself. It is without ques- police in the world, with an or tion the most efficient political ganisation Russians gather, in any part of stretching wherever the world."
·
A Powerful Machine.. But apart from this, the Gay- Pay-Oo is doing a great deal to bring order and discipline back to Russian life. It has made corrup- tion in public office the old banc of Russia-unsafe.
enormous
Böm-Bɔminal,
ENGLAND'S BIRTH-RATE.
16.1 PER 1,000 OF POPULATION IN LONDON,
Wales during 1927 touched the The birth rate in England and lowest figures in the history of civil registration, including the worst War years.
Infant mortality was 80 per 1,000, the lowest ever recorded. or equal to that for 1923, which was.
Одри is Dow 30 machine. The arrest or suppres-averaged 16.7 in 1928, which hitherto Births per 1,000 of population sion of counter-revolution is only In 1991, with the close of the
one of its activities. Its represen- birth rate in Loudon last year was was the lowest recorded, while the period of military Communion, tatives, permeate, every branch of only 16.1. there came a change. There were public life. They are, scoretly or signs that the Communists them openly in every Department of selves were sickening of the bloodState. No great official, save per fast. When Bela Kan returned hups Stalin, but has his familiar "from his wholesale massacre of watching him. It dixxiplines the White officers and civilians in the Church," controls raile Crimea, he expected warm con- gratulations. Lenin received him coldly, What have you done with my Russians?" asked Lenin roldly. Ben Kun found himself avoided by all.
A high official in the Foreign Office, Chicherin'e right-hand man, was visited one day by a Cheka official, a personal friend, who in vited him to his office rear by.
STRANGE INCIDENT IN
HINDU TEMPLE.. MYSTERIOUS DEATH OF MARATHA YOUTH.
BOMBAY, January 17th. A strange incident is reported to have taken place at Narsobawadi, a famous shrine near Miraj, south of Poon on January 7th.
As the day was' full-moon day, and a day of religious observance, Maratha youth of 25, belonging to Miraj, went to the temple to! worship the Deity
In the morning, be took a bath in Į the river Krishna, and, going be fore the idol, he fell prostrate be- fore the god, Shri Datta
He never rose while, the people around grew sus- picious and shook him, but were surprised to find him dead."
camps,
Consultation,
Planning
Creation,"
watches the Press, keeps check on Bing CENTRAL 30. For :--- the work of the highest Ministries, and has an eye on, Ambassadors. Its agents are in every Russian newspaper office, every department of State, every office, and every workshop. You don't know if your own wife in not a Gay-Pay-Oo- apy." o Siberian merchant whit pered to me one day-Sunday Timer.
EXCHANGE RATES.
[BRITISH WIR
WIRELESS SERVICE:] ·
LUCKY, Feb. 7th.
Paris
Brusstls
- Amsterdam
Berlin
Copenhagen
Vienza ... Helsingfors
Lisbon ... Bucharest Buenos Aires .... New York Gencya.. Stockholm
After-a-short-Milan....
As the temple is believed to be haunted by evil spirits, he was at first thought to be possessed the
On a thorough examination, how- ever, the youth was found to be dead
The incident has created a sensa tion in the locality and the places around:
Oslo **** Prague Madrid
Athens -Rio....
Bombay Yokohama
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