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AGENTS IN HONG KONG
CHINA DURING THE PAST YEAR.
MR. ASHMEAD BARTLETT'S REVIEW OF LEADING
INCIDENTS.
"EUROPE AND AMERICA WERE BLUFFED."
FENG YU HSIANG "THIS SINISTER_FIGURE.”
China 'still continues to occupy an important place in the columns of the more serious British newspapers, but its affairs hardly figure so prominently as they did at the time of the Hankow Bar- ricades," the Nanking outrage and the fall of Shanghai, People realise that the force of the Nationalist eruption has spent itself and China has once more lapsed into a number of warring factions "carrying on a very complicated struggle.
102
In a copy to hand of the London Daily Telegraph Mr. E. Ash-" mond Bartlett, C.B.E., gives a very interesting review of the year?
We reproduce it not only for its own sake but to let our runders see the kind of account of Chinese affairs that is being pre- sented at Home. Mr. Bartlett is not optimistic. He has no belief in any warlord and sees in Feng Yu Halang a particularly sinister figure. The triumphs of the Cantonese, he declares proyed too great for the mentality of the victors." The year 1997 will be memorable
When I left China eight weeks
understand. to
Such slogans are impossible and unknown amongst a nation of auch vast size, composed of so many differunt tribes, and speaking so many different dialectar It was the invention of the Cantonese, bey cause it served a useful purpose în stirring up the primitive paadors of the ignorant peasants whom they attracted to their standards in the long march from Canton to the Yangtze, The ulterior motive was to obtain control of the only rich and prosperous cities in China, for the purpose of raising funds for the campaign against the North. The Soviet agents found the slogan equally efficacious na a weapon for driving Europeans out of China, and for substituting Russian dominion in their place.
Bluding Europe.
Are
But it can easily be understood how little the uass of the Chinese Population were behind this cry, when it is remembered that 05 per cent. of she "population illiterate, and that publie opinion in the constitutional acceptance of the term is quite unknowri through, out China The country is so vast that a Chinaman living in Canton knows nothing of what the country and people are like within fifty miles of his mud hovet. Peking to the Cantonese is even further off than London or New York, and rice verin. Thus 3 per cent of the population are totally ignorant of the Ines that extra-territorial rights exist, or of the meaning of the term. They care still less so long as they can obtain enough rice and vegetables to keep body and soul together.
Europe and America were, i facts completely bluffed by the agitation and propaganda of a of foreign-trained sall band students, who carry little weight in their own country, and who have yet to prove themselves capable of governing it. At present they are. merely employed by the Tupans and Wat Lords in their dealings with foreigners. They are invalu able na interpreters, and possess a
working knowledge Chincoc sound
foreign methods of conducting dip- lomatic warfare, and in the pro- duction of those formulas that are time-honoured in intercourse be tween nations. Thus the Chinese
ol
in Chinese history. Hankew was ago I could count at least seven surrendered to the Nationalist independent regional Governments, party, an event which marks the all separate from one another, but first breach in the wall of foreign sometimes coalescing from motives 2X- and military within extraterritoriality
the of political Celestial Empire. The year 1997 pecency. The chaos and unrest also saw the despatch of the British throughout the land have multipli- Defence Force to Shanghai, and ed a hundredfold during the Fast two battalions of Guards serving six months, and the situation of enst of the Suez Canal for the first foreign trade and of foreigner time in the English history. traders grows more precarious day Changing political currents and by day. Yet news from China's civil wars have brought the econo- rapidly fading from the front mie life of the country almost to pages of newspapers to those more a standstill. In their political obscure columns where information manifestoes and speeches the inust be sought for. The reason is different Chinese groups nearly al.[ easy ways proclaim the same policy, politics are like a cricket match to amely, the elimination of Bol which there is no time limit. Each shevism, and the restoration of law side has as many innings as it de- and order under a united govern- sires, and the well-known batsien case was presented at the Washing avent for the whole of China, are seldom bowled out, but only tour Conference by this student Nevertheless they continue to fight. I retite after each one has collected class and some Chinese intellec tuals and theorists, ball-baked ex- Most important from the foreign sufficient of the gate money to en-
ponents of foreign democracy, who tandpoint has been the collapse sure him a comfortable competency knew far more about the conditions of made throughout China during for the remainder of his natural prevailing in the countries in which they had made their studies, 1927, and the gradual dissolution life. Another then takes his stand. than they did about the elementary As long as European lives were facts which must be faced in the of the economic safeguards which in danger, the public remained land from which they sprang. The have enabled foreigners to enrry keenly alive. The experiment of generals and Tupans responsible Hankow aroused A storm of for law and order, in the provinces on business during the past eighty
criticism throughout the Press, but were not represented at the Co- The Yangtse Valley has shortly afterwards the fait ac-
ference; they took but small in- of foreigners; compli" was accepted, and the interest in its proceedings, and still been swept clear
less in its decisions. Had some of British and Japanese Settlements. terest declined.
Shanghai in March last and the them been present they might have are derelict and deserted; sem murders at Nanking once again thrown much interesting light on merce on the river has practically aroused public feeling to fever the true intermal condition of the pitch. Now there is "a general
country, and they would have disappeared, and such vessels as
opinion that the menace to Euro laughed to derision the idea that still carry goods can only do so
peans has passed away. This sur-the Chinese people were capable of under the British flag and proteet- Į mise is partly true. They are safe assimilating modern democracy, or
"
years.
ed by British warships. Beyond Hankow the upper valley of the river has been abandoned alto gether.
The attack
as long as they remain inside the Settlements and Concessions. Yet the public know little of the finan cial disasters which threaten al- most all foreigners in China. Un less law and order can be restored badly.in the immediate future, trade van not revive, and traders will be
worse.
Mission-
If trade has suffered religion has suffered still Hardly a trace remains in China to-day of all those vast missionary enterprises to which so much money has been subscribed by the British and American public. aries have been kicked out of the country, lock, stock, and barrel Their churches, schools, hospitals, and private residences are now looted, desecrated, and rotting to decay. This has indeed been a monorable year. Many landmarks
ever.
VICENTE ATIENZA & Co. maist party, who are con:
forced to abandon the country of their adoption.
transport.
in
that an elected Parliament could exercise any authority over the
masses.
But Europe was bluffed by the prepaganda of this non-representa tive student class, aided by the evil counsels of the American mission- aries scattered throughout the land, who persistently endeavoure
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gpinion to the belief that the The Legations, Consulates, and Chinese were perfectly capable of Military Intelligence Departments governing themselves without any The motives are usually even more in the dark foreign interference.
bahind this propaganda were than the average Press correspon- dent, because the latter is in touch chiefly anti-British, a desire 10 with a wider circle of information dratros British influence and to than the officials. When our Ex-ruin British trade in China, and
Force arrived. peditionary
to substitute American in its place. Shanghai it brought out an enor
Missions Wiped Out, mous Intelligence Department, of highly qualified officers, some of of Fate, of which history furnishes whom had spent many years in many examples, the keenest advo Chins. Bur-after a very short cates of Chinese nationalism, and in the story of foreign penetration time the organisation and brains the most bitter enemies of British the number of these unwilling, and have disappeared, probably for of the Intelligence Departments, commercial
China, often freezing, converts could al- not only of England, but of all the have been the greatest sufferers in ways be calculated upon to bring. The threatening flood of Nation Powers, began to collapse under the wars and revolutions of th in a corresponding return in dol- The American mis-lars from an astonished and de- “UN AIR EMBAUME" in let loose by the surrender of tas strait of attempting to keep past e
the British Concession at Hankow touch with the kaleidoscopic move- sions have been wiped out. From lighted American public. But the Feng Yu has not,
however, overwhelmed meats of Chinese armies. The due the far interior to the constal pro- Christian foreign. interests, as many antici-tuations in fortune and rapidity vinces these great and powerful or Hsiang enjoys a sinister reputa- of movement were tremendous, andganisations, partly engaged in con- tion, worse shnost than the army Rather, one pated at the time. may say, it has receded, and the confounded all the canons of mili- verting the Chinese to the Chris- of any other Chinese leader. Its breach in the wall of extra-terri-tary strategy, and problems of tian faith, partly to a keener ap- caduct in the field is marked by Divisions, which preciation of the virtue of Ameri- no higher decorum discipline, or toriality is rapidly closing, owing to the unceasing internecine feuds twenty-four hours before had been can goods, partly to a sense of the chivalry towards the weak and de- reported fighting in the ranks of superiority of Standard oil over fenceless. Murder, loot, and rapo the North, were found wandering that sold by the A.F.C., have been follow in its train. The brigades the Nationalist
well within the Southern lines on obliged to withdraw their agents which have been submerged in the tending for supremo power.
friendly terms with their crstwhile The missions, the churches, the hos nearest local Jordan have no idea Seven. Governments.
antagonista. Generals whose pitals, and the comfortable private what this religious act signifies, or civil war and economic chaos has When I arrived in China sóme names a few days before had been
residences throughout China are of the tenets of the faith to which not been altogether fruitless. Iz sight months ago the country was household words in the Kuomin-
now derelict and deserted. Who they have been forcibly converted. has finally dispelled the dreams roughly divided into two oppositang party were discovered hant
ther the abandoned converts still They return to their faith, at, and illusions of thousands of tion camps, the North versus the ing for lucrative jobs at the head: carry on their adopted faith I am rather, the lack of faith, of their Chinese who joined the cause, South The Nationalist "or Kuo- quarters of the Aakouchun.
Pro- unable to say.
One hundred mil- forefathers, which is exactly the thousands who were wavering, and towns, and mintang Party professed to be vinces,
waterways lion of gold dollars subscribed by me as that laid down by Mark has changed the opinion of the. striving to destroy once and for changed hands without any ap the Ameriese publje must now be Twain, Do unto others as they majority of these foreigners who all the arbitrary rule of the parent reason with a speed and rewritten off the balance-sheets of the would do unto you, only do it were hostile to British and Jap Northern War Lords, who have gularity, hitherto unknowa in war Methodist and Baptist churches. Arst."
anese supremacy in China. Thosa gradually usurped the functions of fare, while the most unexpected It is probably lost for ever.
Illusions Dispelled.
who were the Feenest advocates of the moribund Republican Govern victories and defeats, generally
The surrender of Hankow mark the abolition of extra-teritorial rights and for the rendition of the mcat established after the fall of without bloodshed, constantly up-
ed the highwater mark of the Can
settlements and concessions are now the Manchu dynasty in 1911. The set the calculations of minds only
I do not know of any Chinese tonese success. The triumph, how bare framework of the Republican trained in the obsolete school of Government continued to exist in European warfare The en-Christian who has ever played aever, was too great for the meu firmly opposed to any such policy Peking, but its authority has been thusiasm for seeking after reliable prominent role in the country, tality of the victors. They were for the time being. They have usurped by the Ankouchim Party, (military information speedily with the exception of the so-called carried away by their conceits learnt the bitter but wholesome les
Christian General, Feng" Yu They felt the world was theirs, but son that if the concessions are sur-, rendered to some particular Was under the leadership of the Man-evaporated. churian War Lord, Chang Teo Lân. The writer on China can only Haiang. This sinister figure is a they could not agree, on the equit Still the foreign Legations con deal with certain broad features in born intriguer, whose political able distribution of the spoil. Lord, or soi-disant party, and if kaleidoscope. complexion changes as rapidly as The seeds of dissension sprang up they do not happen to belong to tinued to acknowledge the non- this ever-changing.
His with incredible rapidity from this. that party, there is no place left in China where their lives nad. existent Republican Government, The first of the deductions one is the spots an a chamelion. till, an June 18th, Chang Tao Lin entitled to draw from the anarchy speciality is the baptism of whole hour. formally dissolved the old Repub and civil ware of the past six divisions of his army at a time in the the muddy waters of the Yellow lican administration and took over monthe is the decline in the government of the North, pro-Nationalist outery in China for the River. Feng Yu Heiang was the claiming himself Generalissimo.immediate suppression of extra-hope, the pride, the delight of all Since that date the Foreign Minis territorial rights. It was never n American missionaries
He swelled their annual statistics ters are officially accredited to no truly national slogan understood government, but Chang Tao Lin re and re-erhued by an indignant of conversions by whole armies at freedom. a time, and the official estimate of ceives a "de facto" recognition.people struggling for
No. 54, NATHAN ROAD, KOWLOON
TEL. K. 155. *.
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It has taken the events of the properties will be comparatively past six months to show the world safe. A Chinese citizen can only that the Chinese are not capable of call his life and real property his organising a National Government, own when be has quitted his native and to prove that really no land and placed himself under the National party exists in China to protection of the British flag in day. In one respect, the period of Hong Kong, the Straits Settle
(Oontinued on next Column.) ments, or Ceylon.