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SOUTH – MANCHURIA
SUMMER HOLIDAY
RAILWAY
SOUTH MANCHURIA
THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 5th, 1927.
THE GREAT KRAKATAU ERUPTION.
STORY OF A TERRIBLE JAVANESE DISASTER.
LIMITATION OF POPULA- TION.
INFLUENCE OF MALTHUS.
"ONE WORLD. CIVILISATION.""
1
י
August 27th, is the 44th anniver- showing: rest of the island cover! sary of the Krakatau disaster, ed with a dense black cloud. At naique in the known history of the 2.30 p.m. noticed some agitation
"Malthur's work on population is world. Briefly, it was a volcanic about the point of Erakatau, eruption of three months' duration clouds or something being propell perhaps the most fruitful book that and when the final explosions tooked from the N."E-point with great has ever been written," said Mr. H. G. Wells, speaking at a dinner place, an island area of land about telocity..
"At 3.30 we heard above us and of the Malthusian League a the eight square miles in extent and rising to a point 2,500 ft. above alout the island a strange sound Holborn Restaurant, on the occa aa of a mighty erackling fre, or sea levo! was thrown into the the discharge of heavy artillery atsion of the celebration of the fiftieth ocean, causing such a displacement second intervals of tire. At 4.15 anniversary of the Bradlaugh of the Malthusian of water that a wave or series of Krakatau north half east, ten Besant trial of 1871, and the
miles distant observed a repeti- foundation wayes, the greatest at least 50 feet 1 tion of that noted at 2.30 only League. Mr. J. M. Keynes pro- high was created in the compara- | much more furious and alarming, tively narrow Straits of Sunda the matter, whatever it was, being These waves swamped the neigh propelled with amazing velocity to bouring islands and coastline and the N. E. To us it looked like took a toll of close on 40,000 human blinding rain and had the ap pearance of a furious aquall of ashen hue. At once shortened sails to topsails and foresail.
lives
The better to understand it we must realise that at one time the islands of Java and Sumatra were not separated by the ocean and the volcanic chain which extends down the entire length of both islands is in present days unbroken be tween the islands although covered by the shallow sea of the Straits of Sunda.
Mid-Ocean Upheaval, Volcanic eruptions are common enough in this part of the world but the fact that the Krakatau eruption took place in mid-ocean, and gave enormous quantities of water access to the heated bowels of the earth, responsible for the terrific extent of the disaater. Cabaton, the French historian of Java, sums up the catastrophe in this tense sentence-"It seemed as though the amazing convulsions of this unfortunate island would shatter the very foundations of the globe."
The island of Krakatau is a peak in this chain and appears as an island in the Straits. In com mon with other volcanic peaks it possessed a circular crater at the summit of its cone, but it was not this crater that started to erupt on Sunday, May 20th, 1883. outbreak occurred at a lower level and presented for many weeks to gether the appearance of an active volcanic eruption without giving any indication of the terrible nature of the forces which it was to display three months later,
An
The Opening Stage, People travelled from Batavia and other places to the west coast of Java in June to witness this magnificent sight of an island in eruption with columns and clouds of steam, smoke and lavs dust shot into the sky by day and fames of fire by night. It became such a familier aight that during July less notice was taken of it.
sided.
Mr. Wells, who proposed the teast of the League, said Malthus initiated the method of thinking of life in terms of species, and not of individuals. Darwin and Wallace their owed vital suggestions to reading of his book "It is not. able," he said, that a third con- "At 5 the roaring noise continu- spicuous name cannot be grouped ed and increased: Darkness spread with Wallace, and Darwin, It is over the sky and a baik of pumice-because of an unfortunate defect of stone fell on us, many pieces being Karl Marx's reading, that a large of considerable size and quite part of 19th century Socialism be warin. Had to cover up the sky came & cantankerous discussion of lights to save the glass while feet secondary issues." Admit the pos- and head had to be protected with sibility of an, effective control of boots and sou-westers. About 8
population, and it was possible to o'clock the fall of larger stones consider life as a creative march ceased, but there continued
towards one mighty world civiliza- steady fall of a smaller kind.
tion Deny it, and there was nothing before mankind but a bickering, futile struggle for exist-
the
S.
Chains of Tirs. "At 11 pm having stood off from the Java shere, wind strong from
W.. the island. W. N. W. 11 miles distance became more visible, chains of fire appear ing to ascend and descend between the sky and it, while on the S. W. end there seemed to be a continued roll of balls of white fire: the wind though strong was hot and choking sulphurous, with a smell as of burning cinders, some of the pieces falling on us being like iron cinders, and the lead from bottom of 30 fathoms came up quite warm. From midnight to 4 a.m. (27th) wind strong but very unsteady be tween S. S. W., and W. S. W.; the same impenetrable darkness but more explosive in sound, the sky one second intense blackness and the next a blaze of fire; mastheads and yard-arms studded with cor- posants and a peculiar pinky flame coming from clouds which seemed to touch the mastheads and yard- arma At 8 am being able to make out the Jara ahore set sail passing Fourth Feint lighthouse (Anjer) at 8. Hoisted our signal latters but got no answer. Passed Anjer at 8.30 name still hoisted, close enough it to make out the houses but could see no movement of any kind, in fact through the whole Straits we have not seen a single moving thing of any kind on sea or land.
A Great Wave,
二
cace, for ever.
Mrs. Annie Besant, responding to the toast of "The Pioneers," which was proposed by Mr. R. B. Kerr, recalled incidents of the famous trial which she, in company with Charles Bradlaugh. underwent for republishing Dr. Knowlton's pam- phlet "The Fruits of Philosophy." The pamphlet, she said, was a poor thing, but it represented the great principle of the right to discuss the population question, in order to grapple with the evils of poverty. There was, however, one regret which she believed that Bradlaught would have shared with her that,
considerable number of well-to-do women, who were able to rear and educate children in adorable mur roundings, preferred to limit the family for the sake of the incon venience to themselves. It was a danger thas threatened the English! nation to-day.
נ'
Proposing
Malthus in piam memoriam, the Chairman said the strange un-English-looking name W34 really **** Malthouse." The battle which he instituted was prac tically won. Statistics showed that in our own lifetime. the population of this island would cease tä. increase, and would probably diminish. In the future the prob lem of population would merge in the greater problems of heredity and angerica,
3
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14
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THE ARCTIC BALLET,
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TO-DAY ONLY Continuons from 280 to 11.15.
SYDNEY LOOKING AHEAD.
WATER FOR POPULATION OF
5,000,000.
On Sunday, May 27th, an ex- pedition from Batavia visited the island to find it covered in tava "At 11.15 there was a fear-
A wager that caused him to Sydney is growing so rapidly dust to the depth of several inches ful explosion in the direction of and the trees stripped of leaves Krakatau, now over 30 miles dis- The explosions were heard in the climb to the top of a chimney 2001t. that the civic authorities. "bare and many branches. On August tant. We saw a wave rush right Philippines and in Japan. They high resulted in a Glasgow man's under consideration & water sup the police court ply, scheme for 5,000,000 people- 11th, the island was visited by on to the Button Island apparent- were heard, though less londly, as appearance in
about a million less than the total Capt. Ferzensar, of the Bantam ly weeping right over the south far as Europe and the tidal wave charged with a breach of the peace.
discussion with some population of the Commonwealth survey, in a native boat. He was part and rising half way up the reached Mauritius and Madaga friends regarding a war adventure at the present time. But it is not able to make a sketch of part of north and cast rides. This we saw car where masses of cînders and the island from the boat, but heavy repeated twice but the helmsman huge fragments of pumicerent climbing the highest chimaer in all, because statistical exports be the amateur steeplejack suggested such a distant proposition after masses of vapour and dust driven says he saw it once before we look carried by the ocean
at, the
lieve that Sydney will pass tho by the wind prevented him from ed. The same wave seemed also to Batavia, 100 miles from the scene the district, which is examining other portions of the ran right on to the Java shore. of the disaster, was plunged into Tharsis Sulphur and Copper Co's 5,000,000 mark is 1974. island. By this time the whole of At the same time the sky rapid- darkness at noon and the birds works. Krakatau's forest dppear to have ly covered in, the wind came strong, were observed to retire to roost in
Ladders erected from the ground been completely destroyed, only a from 8. W. by S.; by 11.30 we the trees.
to a copestone by repairers were few bare trunka being left stand were enclosed in a darkness that
It was estimated that matter ascended by the climber, who, when ing above the thick layers of might almost be felt and at the from the volcano was shot into the halfway up, showed the crowd pumice and ash which near the same time commenced a downpour air to a height of 30 miles and what he could do in the way of mean, the submersion of the town- anore were found to be 20 inches in depth.
The Apogee.
currents.
of mud and sand. At noon the minute particles were Boating stunts" by holding on with one
darkness was so intense that we about in the atmosphere causing band and waving a leg. had to group our way about the remarkably brilliant sunsets and
The hero of the exploit. found on for months afterwards, decks and although speaking to sunrises
-A Comented Ship......
Times.
"By 2 p.m. we could see some of the yards aloft, and the fall of " mud ceased. By 5 p.m. the hori- to showed out in the north and
was taken into custody."
The scheme involves £4,000,000
in cash for the hamesing of Snowy River. A number of Ber- vice reservoirs will be constructed, and also a huge dam which would
ship of Jinkakyre and a diversion of the popular tourist road to Mount Kosciusko, in the Austra lian Alps.
The country with which the scheme is concerned is between
3,000 and 7,000 feet above sea leval, and the water will be used for s hydro-electric power scheme on the way down.
Synol
Its energies may even have abat ed somewhat in the earlier part each other in the poop yet could even as far distant as England his descent that the police did not of the month of August, but it is not see each other. This horrible The atmospheric wave caused by approve of his exhibition and he difficult to trace from "existing state and downpour of mud con- the explosion of the 27th encircled
In admonishing the accased, the available records whether this is so tinued until 1.30, the rourings of the globe four times before its or not. However, on Sunday the volcano and the lightnings traces were finally lost. Strait magistrate advised him not to be
"So foolish 'again. August 28th, the eruption assumed being something fearful. titanic proportions and reached its apogee the following day, after which all was still and silent, and thus it has remained since.
Owing to the terrible death roll and extinction of all life on land within & near radius of the ew west island bearing E. and N. just visible. Up to midnight calamity, we must look to the sen for records of the appalling nature little sand falling at times, the
the sky hung dark and beavy, of that Sunday and Monday. The
very safest people were thens upon the roaring of the volcano.
distinct, although in eight of the ses in ocean-going vessels:
Let us try and picture. the North Watcher (Babi) and fully Straits as viewed from far up 65 or 70 miles off it. Such dark- aloft. Krakatau has been deserted neis and time of it, in general, but the neighbouring izland of few would conceive and many, Sebesi is fairly well populated daresay, would disbelieve. The Along the coast of Java and the ship from truck to waterline is as southern extremity of the Lam- if cemented, spars and sails, block GESORTS
pongs there are numerous villages and ropes in a terrible mess, but with people going about their thank God nobody hurt or ship
in damaged.
On the other hand how fares HUSHIGAURA-Finset Seaside Summer Holiday Resort in North China daily tasks. Telok Betong
Sumatra and Anjer in west Java Five miles from Dairen, bat connected with the oity by special motor and car- riage road and electric iramway. Yamato Betal (35 rooms) and 15 furnished are busy little seaport towns. Init with Anjer, Merak and other bangalows in charming old garden. Bathing, Bosting, Fishing, Golf, Teams, the centre of the Straits there lies little villages on the Java coast 7"
that ash-covered smoking little
Results of Inquiry, Billarda, Orsheizs twice a week. Ospial place for children
The Royal Society appointed-a OGONDAL Moet beautiful and select. Bearida Resort in the Far Fart. Two island.
from Port Arthar. Formerly the
committee Do collect information Summer Basort of the high Bandan
A Sallor's Description. Dilows and officials. Famato Hotel and 20 villas and bungalows, mostly with The Prins Frederik, homeward respecting the disaster and more detached servante quarta Excellent Bathing, Wonderful Boenery, Elatoris bound for Holland, has already especially to gather records from Battlefields, Bained and Dismantled Fortrelas of harming Walks and passed through and every knot is many parts of the globe of the Defton
twice a week. Abondant Dacia familice
Fiordeing Facilities. Orcharten twice a Best plads taking her away from this world subsequent effects of the eruption. for blacks mamous for it to memorable Slegs and the beastra catastrophe, wo must watch the Their Endings Fero presented in a PORT ARTHUR-F
landlocked Harbour. Exactly me hour's journey from Dairen by Charles Bal. She is to be volume entitled "The Eruption of bercine" of this mighty tale of Krakatau and Subsequent Pheno- Yamato Hotel (16 rooma). Bufficient place of histories and semi sky and sea and will approach to mens published a few years after Interorli to fill" a month with fresh walk or driva orary day.” Most hitby thin 10 miles of the cauldron the disaster. In this they were and malubrious spot in the Far Rock
and yet live through. Let us take greatly aided by the investigations the Master's own description: and reports made by the Dutch ed Princes island, wind B. W. and instance of the Dutch Indies Gov- some heavy rain at noon ernments and finally istedin W. 8. W.; weather fine, the island book form in the Dutch-and of Krakatan to the N. E. of us, French Languages entitled Kraka but ly a small portion of the tau
(Continued on next Column.) N E. point, close to the water,
train
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