10
NAVAL SUPREMACY IN THE PACIFIC.
A DISTANT BOGEY” EXAMINED.
[BY SIR HERBERT RUSSELL ]
THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JULY 29th, 1927.
DENMARK TO-DAY, EUROPEAN TARIFF WALLS. WAR SECRET REVEALED.
A few years ago we board a great to attack."-It is this fact which deal about the "Pacific tome. has given rise to apprehensive „Now we heas very little about it. Į fancy. Japan could descend on This is certainly not due to the Australia at any time, and estab fact that, in
a naval sense, the fish herself very dangerously before Pacific was more important a few British naval forces on a scale to years ago than it now is. It is deal with such an invasion could probably true to say that persperreach the spot. Australia realizes tive beenme rather distorted in this What she does not always mediately after the Great War, realize equally clearly is that if that Japan and the United States Japan dedicated the necessary appeared to be drifting towards a strength to such a descent as to situation of rather dangerous mis- ensure a fair prospect of success understanding, and that to contem-she would be uncovering herself to plate the possibility of a poetite a visit from the British battle fleet. attitude between those two antions
Hong Kong. is intinctively to visualize tho Pacific as the theatre of it.
That state of tension grew
shortly after the Armistice is a
0
**FAR AHEAD OF BRITAIN
IN MANY THINGS.”.
WELL ORGANISED
COMMUNITY.
Impressions of a recent visit to Denmark, where for some months he attended one of the high schools, lived and worked upon a farm at tached to the school, sad gained an intimate knowledge of the country and its people, were described in an address by Mr. Mark Bryant, of Claverton Down, to the Bath Ven
ture Club,
A
THEIR REMOVAL WOULD TEND TOWARDS PEACE.
DUTCH · STATESMAN'S OPINION.
SAFETY EXPLOSIVE FOR MINES.
HOW ANILINE DYE WAS DISCOVERED,
An interesting commentary on A secret folating to a new ex: the present position of world plosive that has hitherto been care tarifs, especially as they affect fully guarded in technical circles Earope, and the general attitude was released as one of the demon of mind towards the recent economic conference at Geneva, where 200 delegates representing 50 nations agreed by resolution that the time had arrived for a change in the present high-tarifs policy, was
strations arranged at University College, London, in connection with the centenary celebrations.
Dr. W. E. Garner had almost ended a brilliant display of the curiosities of liquid air-be had ball as brittle as glass, made a lead spring behave as if it were steel, and shown how a' cigarette or a
THE BUDDING OF A CAPITAL.
HOW ANGORA IS BECOMING A ̃ ̃MODERN TOWN.
- NEW. --BUILDINGS AND BOULEVARDS.
(FROM A MANCHESTER QUAEDIAN CORRESPONDENT,]
ANGOLA, May 17th. Said a Turkish deputy to me on the day of my arrival here:
a year or two ago; next the ex headquarters of the Tribunal of Independence; then the seat of the People's party. Five minutes" run' brings you up past. all this to a square
Mr. Bryant, admitted that be made by an eminent Dutch statos- pulverized flowers, made 'a rubber has his villa out in the town, and, town which lies beneath the ancient
thought Denmark was very farman, Mr. H. Colijn, lately Prime
Minister of Holland, ahead of Britain in many things.
Mr. Colijn has been Minister for For instance, dhe found there a
We are trying to make our
where д huge marble capital dignified as a sent of Gov. ernment, and suitable for Ministers pedestal stands carrying the Turkish- and hard-working functionaries to flag. It is the pedestal which is to live in. A year ago four of us were bear the Austrian sculptor Herr sleeping in this exiguous room Krippel's oquestrian statue of the have our desks. Each of us now where now a colleague and myself Ghazi
This is the edge of the lower old though my family still remains in
walled acropolis, whose steep, bare, Constantinople, the amenities are coming so fast that I shall soon feel burnt slopes to Prefecture aspires able to bring them here. You will one day to lay out in ornamental gardens. Ministries in buildings activity going on-gangs of labour that of Finance, is, typically
in part to be rebuilt and enlarged. succeed оде another within stone's-throw. Do not go on into But this is anticipating.
the town to look at the shops, how.. Three-quarters of an hour outside ever. They are still the undignified
credible collection of
and mixed stores of a very poor Angor the train stops at away provincial village. But two door aidle Anatolian village. It is an in-
mud-built and well-managed hotels and a
much higher level of social and War, Minister for the Navy, and sponge-cake would blaze into flame see that there is a really American old and new one of the newest, But here is a theme-only worth economia welfare than anywhere Chancellor of the Exchequer. For after being impregnated with liquid, ers working on the new buildings enough, being feverishly torn down
discussing for the academic interest of it-which brings us to the crux
the question of bases. The British
alse in Europe, and
of the world.
a higher
eight years be was a director of
ap between America and Japan of domination" of the Pacific/Soeral level than that of the rest the Royal Dutch "Shell Company.
battle feet could not steam from the Mediterranean to the Sea of Japan without several halts to re-
a close
about 31 million people, there were In Denmark a small country of quite as many cows and pigs there were human beings.. It was
As a result of my travels and investigations," said Mr. Colija, that throughout Europe there is an I have come to the conclusion
of the present tariff barriers And enrost desire for a readjustment I believe that before long the
11
oxygen-when he made the au- nouncement.
He said that during the war the Germans developed the most power ful explosive known, a mixture of
explosive came into use because liquid oxygen and lampblack The
even on Friday's, our day at rest, and nights shifts following uninter ruptedly on day shifts to lay down the
water suppls.....
unimpaired, and announced a pro-blockade of Yokohama, or to bottle-A mere sand bank standing just governments have already made de great advantage that within 15 bricks showed that here too "build-
carne innocuous.
匾
• matter of historic. fact. Japan had come out of the war with her ses power stronger than ever be fore, and with a policy towards fuel. And, arrived in the Sea of the most beggarly poor country in nations will meet and put into there was in Germany a lack of the houses-the mud pale, like a dead Russian restaurant are, recent in- -China which excited the suspicions; Japan, where, of course, plenty of the world naturally, and yet the effect in some way or other the glycerine necessary for the manu-
man's face with flat mud-and-ovations which have alleviated the of the United States. Americs submarines would be awaiting it, Danes had made it one of the hap-economic conference. It is gratify
spirit of the conceptions of the fucture of high explosives.
thatch roofs and small square holes, lot of the foreign visitar. came out of the war with her Navy it could not proceed to
acme glazed, some unglared, for
The British Embassy, The explosive cartridge had the windows A dried mud turfs or piest and best countries to live in.ing to note that several European
Take, instead, the re lower gramme of battleship construction üp both ends of the Inland Sea, as
Anite declarations in this direction, minutes after being charged it be ing was to proceed. A caravan of road that runs along the plain past which astonished the war-wory would have been practicable in the high enough out of the water for and there is reason to hope thused commercially in Germany for lifted themselves one by one on the Prefecture, with its modern fire- It was now being twenty-five to thirty resting, camels Ministries, hanks, the colony of worki, and excited deep distrust days of sail. It would have to people to live on-the general level others will fall into line and do
ordinary mining operations, and their long, disjointed-looking legs engine, watering and sanitation ser- would in Japan. This country, still pre establish itself in a base of opera-
probably txe generally and looped off behind the usual vices, into the newly cut Grand adopted.
haltered ass and shambling man that Boulevard of the Ghazi and the
"new town licking her wounds, did not pay
celebrations, for it
towards the slopes of The spirit of Sir William Ramsay led them. I seemed to catch, on
particular heed to the shadow that
in the shabby londs, a faded hint of the embassies and private villas and was cuffling the Pacific. By which
chemical laboratory next door to dying colours of ancient Asia.
Ministers villas are arising. Even the special laboratory erected., to
the few formless wooden shacks that I mean national opinion is this
gave his demonstration, admitting
into new paint and wood. Here the | Ramsay's memory that Dr. Garner
were the only habitations there a country: the Admiralty took a de
little time back have been shamed finite view of the possibilities
that nearly all his experiments and which seemed to lurk on the other
been originally devised by Ramsay,
Soviet Embassy, here the German-
the nature of the gases of the at and showing by the spark discharge
an elegant, demountable house over- looking the already laid foundations
was from 30 to 30 feet above the ses-Denmark þad
no
minerals
likewise,"
Freer Trade Flow. "What would be the effect, im-
ཐཱ་
-occupied in the painful process oftions, Singapore is los far. Hoag whatever, no stone, and no rivers. mediate and ultimate, upon a lower- seemed to brood over parts of the the stuff-bound packs of their Tehankaya, where the legations and
to cut
Kong would be valuable in trying Japan nad har main source of sup communications between plies from China. But if Japan attempted & bolt from the blue against Australia she is not going to leave Hong Kong in much of a
Nature had, in fact, been very
had a very bad start, and be sup- ankind to the country which had
posed that had made them put their shoulder to the wheel.
Land For All.
Mr. Bryant described how
they
ing of the tariff barriers?" saked the representative of the Daily
| News
W33
A few miles beyond the train
slope the Ghazi's model farm. It passes close by a busy coment and brick factory, then skirts on the is dotted with pretty white stone and red-roofed buildings and logg, open abeds showing the glint of
side of the world, with the result position to receive a British Firet.had specialised in teaching the Europe have been influenced by mosphere which Ramsay discovered motor-tractors. It is all aligned of the future embassy kiosks and
that Earl Jellicoe was despatched on a mission of strategical contem plation, and the Singapore scheme emerged upon a stil-puzzled public
outlook.
Therefore, although as I have said Japan might uncover herself to attack by a powerful fleet, confess it is not easy to see just how that fleet would operate. The
of food production, arguing that people the science and best theories everything that belonged to life should be made the subject of sys- Maintaining
tematic education.
more freely than is the case where "I believe that trade would flow
tarif walls are erected, and are be ing built higher and higher. We war during which the countries of have had nine years following the
there was a conflicting policy of one many factors in the arrangements of their tariffa. Almost naturally country in relation to another, but now that we have entered upon an era of comparative stability, the time is "opportune for the recon- mered out for the common good."
JOSEPH CONRAD'S SON CHARGED.
Then perspective seemed to re- point is Lateresting, because it that everyone had some special mendations of Geneva to-be ham- UNPUBLISHED MSS. OF THE watering. Young shooting crops of already live.
To cut
laws were made to provide land for
ties were set up to buy land and the increasing-population Soci generally furnish people with a means of livelihood. Thus to-day every man and unmarried woman between the ages of 23 and 50 might have a small farm if they knew how
sums its true proportions, and the brings as to a contemplation of the aptitude for something or other, Washington Conference disposed of severe disabilities of modera WM- that material threat which had ships in ocean warfare.. been casting a shadow from the the communications of an invad American shipyards right across ing force already established in the Pacific. But the idea of the Australis would be practicable by “future naval zone,” having taken operating from a base in Australia root, continued to sprout after the as contiguous as possible to the brief phase which planted it bad headquarters of the invading force.. definitely passed Perhaps it was Depend upon it that invading to use it. No one in Denniark to- only natural that it should have force would select its spot for
with realization. When descent so as to render this as diff-day needed to be without a liveli- there really was a period of ten-
cult as 'could be:
hood or without the chance of doing something for themselves. aion between the United States and Japan the world at large did not quite grasp it. Only when it had passed did underantnding of the menace soak in. The discussion began upon American. "hegemony of the Pacific and Japan's bid for mastery "of the Pacific, and what our own position was in that ocean.
grown
T
U.S.A. Position.
Of the three great Powers con- cerned America is distinctly in the least favourable situation for es tablishing the "hegemony" of the Pacific should it come to a com- petition upon the subject. Japan, by geographical advantage, sits in a dominating position for defen- sive purposes. She has never ar- rived at naval world "power, main- tains no foreign service squadrons, and merely holds her own natural zone with such dispositions, forti fications, and bases as to reduce any scheme for attacking her to a hopeless prospect. The British Empire is favourably circumstane
„and
|
The speaker referred to their method of Government-they had proportional representation and the electors voted for one of the five political parties and not for an in- dividual, the former selecting their representatives
What do you think of the sttitude of England towards the proposals to reduce tariffs?” Mr. Colijn. "After the Napoleonic Let me reply in this way," said was the wid England was the first nation to deal them a shatter- there was the same problem
ing blow. I bave every confidence that in a large measure history will repeat itself—at lenst, I hope 30,"
France's Attitude.
"Are you hopeful of "France adopting in essence the spirit of the Geneva Conference!!!
hesitate to join in
"France, I believe, will not Locarno when she finds that it will the tariff
be to her good. She did it during. the time of Cobden, and I am, cer- tain she will do it again."
Do you think that tariff read-
12
Mr. Bryant told how he went to see the Danish Minister of Agricultustments under a common policy ture, a man who used to thatch will be one of many tendencies ricks and houses, and who had been making for international peace? sent to Parlament by his party
"I am certain it will. When we and would return to his calling on leaving office. There was no ces sign for a politician to have a swelled head in Denmark
-CENTURY OLD WINES.
BLACK MATE,”
He was charged with converting
to his own use:
with trees-two million oak and its gardens, there the Egyptian. a million other saplings have been then, farthest up of all-under the planted there this year. Unforta- very edge of the summit, where the nately, so little rain has there beer, Ghazi lives, the seven-acre area of and so fierce is the sun, that the our own future Embassy, with its Ghazi has had to order out the free-owner's old-fashioned wooden engine tanks of the capital for their house, where the resident staff
all kinds, scientifically planted and
The site, steeply sloping, com. tended, cover the many acres of mands the whole plain of Angora. hillside. The farm is an immense It is raised above the terrible dust- Charges of fraud involving private enterprise, and has cost a storms and the intolerable heat. £1,600 were preferred at Maryle fortune. It has stimulated deputy It has its own water. Already the aged 20, described as a motor en- bone against Alfred Borys Conrad, farm-owners and rich yeoman all oblong of a proposed thirty-room the inte Mr. Joseph Conrad, the Many Fine Bulidings and No Shops within a twelve month.
over the country to introduce the building is staked out. It is to be
novelist. gineer, of Ashford, Kent, son of same modern methods.
begun this year, and completed Then a It is a first hint of the modernity clerical staff will be able to be and enterprise, which the capital housed, and the Embassy personnet itself is fast beginning to show. now cramped, will be suitably The towering aerials of the new housed The Ambassador's residence wireless station, immense buildings Proper will, however, not arise till of Ministries and banks surround-later, & little beyond this first build. ed by scaffolding, the dominating, ing
Meanwhile, on the long skylinė glittering white rococo museum with gilded dome, fenced-off foundations just above, you see tiny dots going being dug and laid, parks staked to and fro, the armed sentries. out, boulevards apaving with stone They are guarding President getts, but used already by a con- Kemal Pasha's house and dignity, tinuous stream of excellent French
Going back to Angora one-decker motor-buses-all this is there was, along the road, a sudden visible in the very fast quarter-mile stir of guards, soldiers appearing by, is the Ghazi's pied terre in scurrying by on motor-cycles shout- up from the station. There, close from nowhere, revolvered police town, there the American Eming out orders to right and left, bassy's, and the Italian and that beckoning, calling on the traffic to Mr. H. Morgan, prosecuting, other embassies temporary resid halt. It was the President motor- was adjudicated bankrupt with un-sembly, with its new garden even said that in August 1926 Conradence on the left the National Asing down to his pied-à-terre in town, his ear closely followed by secured liabilities of £6,727, of
now being watered: the completed an armed police car. He was in which, £8,600 was owing to persons but yet unopened Evkaf Hotel op black coat and bowler hat, smiling. who had financed his so-called posite, with its splendid reception-ly pointing out to his companion the deals.
rooms where state dances are given; lightning progress of his Boulevard The Black Mate."
then the old Assembly house, super pierced between the cut and gashed Mr. Thomas James Wise, of { seded for lack of space and dignity rocks. Heath-drive, Hampetoad, N.W., said he was intimately acquainted with the late Joseph Conrad and
£1,100 entrusted to him by Miss Dorothy Lucy Bevan, of Park House, Marden, Kent, to whom he was said to have represented that he had the opportunity of purchasing for £4,000 certain of his father's manuscripts for which he had a buyer af £5,000, A cheque for £300 entrusted to him by Mr. Morris Armitage, of Wilton Mews, S.W., for the pur- chase of a motor-car; and
£200 cntrasted to him by Mr Green, of Brunswick-road, Hove to invest on her behalf.
(Danger of Wävering.",
ful than London,
STRIKING EFFECT OF BRITAIN'S ACTION.
#
his family. Some years ago Mr. GERMANY AND THE SOVIET. proof that Moscow is more power- Conrad gave his son the manuscript. of "The Black Mate," and later bo purchased it from the son for He had obtained several others of the author's manuscripts from another 'source.
By the fact that, the English Government has broken off dip- lomatic, relations with Bolshevik Russia it has been proved to the
Mr. Halkett (the magistrate): You bought them just as you would MAY BEGIN A NEW EPOCH. German people that England does
buy an old chair or table 1-YEA
There was no question of the copyright-When I bought some of them they had not been publish ed, but Mr. Conrad trusted me not to let them be copied or published." Mr. Wise said he had never made
Glance at the Chart, Before we indulge in the use of "any of these rather sketchy adjec dives implying military domina
bitterness and jealousy are created. get treaties mixed up with tariffs tion it would be as well to glance
When the representatives of nations at the chart. Without troubling
sit together formulating the details about the precise geographical
The speaker said, in connection for carrying out the Geneva pro limitations of the Pacific Ocean we
with his work on the farm attached posals there will be a policy of may say that is covers about one ed for guarding a much better to the high school he attended, that give and take, and from that time quarter of the surface of the globe, werd than controlling-the Pacific the man who had charge of the cows forward the world will begin to live Now the "hegemony !
r" of such an trade routes. It had the Austra- was called the fodder master, and
in a state of greater freedom and expause is a pretty ambitious as- Jian Fleet, with several bases in was an expert in that line Al-mutual trustfulness." piration. If the phrase means the Commonwealth,
the though I fed the cowa,”, added Mr. anything at afl, it implies being Eastern Fleet, with a chain of Bryant, he took care to bee that cock of the walk in the Pacific, serviceable bases between Aden and I fed them properly." (Laughter.) Reduced to intelligible proportions Hong Kong.
Old Age Homės. this, in its tura, means the control -America, on the other hand, has of all the trade routes and the a few
The social system was, perhaps, widely-separated island ability to deal successfully with bases in which the Philippines asserted that we copied our old age
BRISTOL'S GREAT STOOKS. | £150, the finest in the world. Mr. Bryant any military situation which might alone are suited to the purposes
BRISTOL arise. Needless to say that respon of initiative operations against the pensions scheme from them. They sible thought in America and one Power which might dispute her grant allowances at 65, but the The wine merchants of Bristol Japan has no more seriously con-
"hegemony."
She maintains & amount varies according to the cir- are lamenting that people have lost templated such a condition of great Pacific Fleet, but this does cumstances of the recipient, and their taste for wine. affairs than we seriously believe not often get much further into they nearly always find you a nice In the ancient cellars beneath the when we sing "Britain rules the the Pacife than our Atlantic Fleet little home as well," as, for - crooked streets of this old town,
[BY ARNOLD Rechbera, waves that the rest of the world gets into the Atlantic. These fine stance, the palatial hostels at which for 600 years bas bo one
the well-known German "indur"" is merely afiant on sufferanoè. sounding designations are strate Copenhagen, which Mr. Bryant has of the centres of the wine trade,
gically meaningless. The Channel visited.
trialia and writer on politics. lie hundreds of bottles of port and Interests.
Fleet and Home Flect were much
When the British Government. For a long time they have had other wines that have been matur If it comes to the question of more sensible definitions.
How widows pensions, maternity allowing in cobwebs and fungus for more.
broke with the Bolsheviks he An arrangement with Alfred Can- territorial and commercial in ever, this is an immaterial point ances, etc, and everyone engaged than a century.
rad to resell the manuscript of
vas in Germany and took part terests the British Empire has a
in hegemony."
in dangerous trades there was give Our forefathers would have sip. The Black Mate to him for important discussions on the bigger stake in the Pacific than
When the United States Pacific life insurance policy and some ped the contents of those bottles £4,000 or any sum. He bought that
"effect" of the British""action, either America or Japan. But in Fleet steamed sumes from Hono special accident policy. Every almost with reverence, but the manuscript from Alfred with sorasanciele with full-the felling
he writes the military sense these two coun lulu to Australia it was demon-trade had to make and administer people of today, declare the mer of his father's books and lettera, tries are more directly concerned strating Sta hegemony" of the its own unemployment scheme, chante, do not appreciate those old and it was arranged that Alfred for the simple dresson that they waters across which it passed. No aided by the coumanne nd the wines
could buy back the books and let- have, from time to time, regarded force in the Pacific could have Government. The hospitals belong- They do not know the differenca ters if he wished. "I do not sug-
There is a strong feeling in Ger The breaking-off of diplomatic f many that the German nation will, one another as hostile objectives, effectively disputed its passage.
between a vintage of 1834 and one gests that Alfred Conrad has told a We have never, at any rate within But the triumphal progress of n
relations between England and in consequence, have to join Euro For 200 years they had had el 1921," said one merchant. We the last half-century, thought of great armada must not be confused elementary education, and to-day what to educate them to relish a ma toybody in regard to this Soviet Russia hae made a very-pran evilisation in the time o
matter" he said.
strong and favourable impression come. the possibility of war with the with strategical dominance. It is the way from the school to the good claret and an old port Mr. John M. Armitage, pro-in Germany. Until then the most United States or Japan. There not even necesarity symbolic of it, university was free to all I In the old days a man thought prietor of a motor company at
The favourable impression, how.. was an outburst of wild talk over The Enden, during her meteoric could walk into the university on nothing of ordering a pipe of port Cheam, said be loanced Conrad king argument of the Sovies ever, produced in Germany by the representatives in Berlin wes breaking-off of diplomatic relations the Venezuela business in the mid- career, did dominate the Pacific, any day to any lecture at Copen- (56 dozen battles), a butt of cherry in regard to deals in motor cars on follows die nineties which died out in a and it took, many thousands per bazen just as if it were an auction (54 dezen), or a hogshead of claret two or three occasions, and the
between England and Soviet Russia dort, or shut erin at the shaur cent of numerical superiority to sale ackled Mr. Bryant. What or burgundy (23 dozen) to lay down money advanced was repaid with they said) is perfectly well aware lish Government were to waver in The English Government (so would again disappear the Eng dity of a colossal campaign over ultimately track her down. a difference such a state of things for the use of his comin 40 or 50 March 1926 Conrad naked for that Bolshevik propaganda endear the slightest degree in the decision
a profit. a very amali diference. Therefore Of course, domination of a vast must make in the mentality of the years time. we have never considered those area may be effected by the com people. The country, in fact, was Underneath the Tudor and Geor- 2300 to enable him to buy a car yours to undermine the British Em already taken. The Bolshevik re shores of the Pacific which are | mand of strategical points. But full of people highly educated in gian houses in the centre of Bristol from a Mr. Wareham and gave him pire, the world over. In spite of presentatives in Germany would voloured red on the map as strate no one Power is in a position to some way or another. They claim are the original wine cellars, stock a post-dated cheque for £340 which this the English Government then, say: "England endeavoured pical frontism. I do not need to exercise such command in the Paci ed to have abolished ignorance, now not by the owners of the was returned by the bank Conrad tolerates the Soviet diplomatic and to turn against Bolshevism, but is la reminded that Australia does be as to justify the claim to caste, and poverty and the speaker houses but by wine merchants. afterwards admitted that he had no commercial representatives remain not strong enough to stand by that not altare in this view. She has dominate that ocean, withough pre firmly believed they had. They There are miles of these cellars money to mest, the cheque and owed ing in London Therefore the policy. After all, that proves that -the biggest seaboard in the world, 4 bably we come, nearer to it than i valued education for its own take,-underneath the streets and they Mr. Warehamn gaite a hit.”: English Government fears Bol Bolshevism is more powerful than
and se, therefore, very vulerable, any other com
Applause.
have all be joined up by tunnels Conrad was remanded on
sa obvious the British Empire-Duty-Mail
ed to the State.
authority.}
not fear Bolshevism and that Mos- cow is not more powerful than London. For these reasons the great majority of the German people consider the breaking-of of diplomatic relations between. Eng- land and Soviet Russia a most im portant event. Many Germans be lieve it may be the beginning of a new epoch in world history, as it establishes a clear division be-. tween Western civilisation and the Asiatic revolution inspired by. Mos
cow.
点