100 YEARS OF LAW AND CRIME IN ENGLAND.
INTERESTING REVIEW BY WOMAN CRIMINOLOGIST,
even in the
A PLEA FOR ABOLITION OF HANGING.
[BY TENNYSON JESSE.]
|
THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. FRIDAY, JULY 1st, 1927.
II.M.A.S."CANBERRA,”
LAUNCH ON THE CLYDE BY PRINCESS MARY.
SIZE AND ARMAMENT,
Princess Mary, Viscountess Las-. celles, performed the naming cere mony at the launch of the cruiser Canberra for the Royal Australina Navy, at the works of Messrs. John Brown and Co., Limited, Clyde The Canberra is the second of the two cruisers ordered from this firm by the Commonwealth Govern, ment in 1925, the other being the Australia, launched on March 17th.
the High Commissioner.
ly to better police work, better con-bank. ditions of living, and, let us hope, a certain change of heart.
The chief changea that since 1827 have been of assistance on the side of law and order, are the increased
fingersprint-system, wireless and motorcare. As long ago as the murder of Lord William Russell by his valet Courvoisier the Press was of assistance, for an hotel keeper read of the arrest of a man whose description she recognised and who had left a parcel with her.
IN A SOVIET SHIP.
ONLY THE STEWARDESS. WORKS.
BEAR HUNT INTO THE CAPTAIN'S CABIN.
BAKU.
Fing was run up and broken at the As we went alongside the Red masthead, writes a Daily Mail cor respondent.
H.M.S, "NELSON'S," GUNS.
20 SQUARE MILES TEST AREA, |
Gamin's were carried out in the West Bay, ten miles south of Portland Bill, by H.S. Nelson, Britain's latest worship.
On board were the Second and Third Sea Lords, Vice-Admiral Sir miral Sir AE. M. Chatfield, as Hubert G. Brand and Vice-Ad-
well as the experimental officer and It was a significant ery staff from Whale Island gesture, for tho short voyage from
Gunnery School; Partsmouth. Pahlavi to Baku, two ports on the and Hestless warned off sea traffic" Tho destroyers Tilbury, Toreador, Caspian Sea, admirably illustrated and kept the firing area of 20 the spirit and the methods of Soviet rule.
dominated every
Communism
for when an aged stewardess indi- cated the state room iny friend and two of the berths were already oc- 1 expected to share we found that cupied by fat and heavily painted Georgian girls. We knew no us sian and our embarrassed expost lations in English only succeeded Every other cabin was full, and in puzzling everybody concerned. eventually we slept on deck.
square miles clear.
The Nelson's 10in, guns were still blazing away at eight o'clock. The of sundown that, although over 12 miles out, ber gun flashes were plainly visible.
rattled the windows of old houses The Inst two or three salvoes at Southwell, near Portland Bill, and in one house pieces of ceiling fell."
Is nothing has England: changed more during the years beween 1897 and 1927 than in her criminal code. Penaltics have grown less and less severe and yet there is very much Iess crime nenties and 'eighties. than there was The official Criminal Statistics she power of the Press, telegraphy, the and named by Lady Cook, wife of thing, even the allocation of cabins, weather was so clear within an hour
ahow that even since, the war-though people are apt to think there has been an increase in crime there hus, in actual fact, been much less that in the years just before 1914. hope that this steady amelioration throughout the cen tury is due largely, or at least
The fingerprint system, which partly, to the improving conscience originated in the East under Sir of humanity, Int we can at least brought to such a pitch of perfec Edward Henry, has now been be certain that it is very largely due to increased police efficiency Lion that a man whose finger-prints and better conditions of living. To have once been taken can always read the statistics of a hundred be identified in a very few mo- youre-even of sixty years ago, iss to and oneself projected into an England incredibly savage both in crime and punishment.
Let us
The first person who was tracked down and caught by means of the electric telegraph was John Tawell,
Quaker, the murderer of his daughter-in-law, in 1945, and the first murderer who was caught through the agency of the wireless was the notorious. Dr. Crippen. But the great ally of the law a hundred years ago and now, is, of course, the stupidity of the criminal.
Death Penalty Reform.. In 1828 an Act was passed con- solidating the law relating to of fences against the person. By this Act the death penalty was retain. ed for erimes of violence and cer- Lain social offences other than mur- der; but already there was a feel ing in the land that the law took Before 1820 no.properly organis lives too lightly, and 1832 saw the ed police force existed, and when almiishment of the death penalty Sir Robert Peel started his bob- for cattle stealing, and in 1936 the bies or peelers" the feeling was crime of letter stealing was also so strong against them that pla- released from the extreme punish- ears all over London appealed to nient. Various Acts, passed from Englishmen
and 1632 to 1801, reduced the number Honest men!!!" to rise up and of cases in which capital punish-resist
Peel's bloody gang. ment could be inflicted until only Nevertheless, our police force haa murder and high treason were left. gone on prospering, and another blow WAK struck againat the
due
The Australia and Canberra are of similar design to the new County class in the Royal Navy, of which the first five, the Berwick, Cornwall, Cumberland, Suffolk, and Kent, in the order named, are to be completed between July and next March. They are of 10,000 tons displacement, and have 09.4ft, and a mean draught at the a length of 690ft., a breadth of standard displacement of 16.3ft The geared turbines will develop 50,000 horse-power, giving a corres. ponding speed at standard dis placement, on the full-power trial, of.314 knots. There is an oil-fuel capacity of 3,400 tons.
The gunfire was not heard be- yond a greater distance than 18 to .20 miles.
Meals were served in the saine happy-family spirit. For lunch a bowl of soup was placed in the centre of the table, and good- humoured people in its vicinity CONSIGNEE NOTICES, filled the plates which were passed to them from either end. When dishes of fried sturgeon the soup was finished two large brought in, and again everybody helped everybody else. That com-
were
Dinner, in the same style, con- sisted of soup and stewed meat, and the neat concluded when the dishes wore empty.
In accordance with the Washing ton Treaty limitations, not only is the tonango restricted to 10,000, but the calibre of the main armn-pleted the meal. ment does not exceed Sin, which means the introduction of a new calibro of gun in the British Ser- vice. The cruisers of the Emerald type have seven Gin guns, the
D" class cruisers six Bin, and discipline on board, and the only There was little appearance of the "C" clues five Gin., while in person who obviously worked was the Effingham class, specially de- the aged stewardess, who spent the signed for commerce protection morning busily polishing brass on oversen, there are seven 7.5in. The deck and carrying pails of water. Australia and Canberra are to Meanwhile a big, serious locking have eight 8in. guns, four din. anti-scaman sat on the boatdeck reading aireraft guns, 20 smaller weapons, a work of apparently devotional and eight forpedo tubes. The sin. literature. guns will be mounted in four twin In the afternoon the stewardesss turrets. The cost of the vessels will came out to sun herself in a bright It is saddening to see that when criminal world when the C.1.D.-
be about £2,000,000 sterling each, ly flowered orange-coloured dress, an Act was passed in 1841 making the Criminal Investigation De on the effective list of the Royal small bear-cub to play with. The There are as present four cruisers and two ship's boys brought out a rapė no longer punishable by death, the commitpients for trial partment-consisting of experts in Australian Navy, the Sydney, Melicar escaped, and galloping clum for this evime at ence attained a detection, was established in 1878.bourne, Brisbane, and Adelaide.sily up to the boat-deck, disappear- higher rate, increasing about 28
The first two, named, completed ined into the captain's cabin. Unde- Abolish Hanging! per cent, and remaining at that It is true that inventions such stretiu nad Canberra when the such a sacred place the boys fol- 1913, will be replaced by the terred by any foolish respect for higher figure ever since. The same
RA the telegraph and motorear latter enter service in the spring lowed with whoops of excitement, remarks apply tu the crime of help the criminal as well as the of 1995. stabbing and attempting to police, and are even sometimes there are expected to
do
The Sydney and Mel- and recaptured it under the cap- grievous bodily harm.
Nevertheenuse of new crimes; we have only England to turn over their crews
come to tain's bunk. Tess, with the exception of murder, to think of the motor bandits to which has remained very much the realise that.
to the new vessels. They both ren- Yet, on the whole, dered excellent service, in the war, same for the last bundred years, all the discoverica of the last cen- first in the Pacific, and later in the the number of indictable offences
known, rounded up and destroyed the Emden at Cocos Island on November 9th, 1914. Both vessels were in the Second Light Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet at the surrender of the German squadrons of Rosyth on November 21st, 1918.
committed shows an amazing de Lury are on the side of the angels, North Sea. The Sydney, as is well
crease.
In 1815, the first year that the official criminal statistics were is sued, the annual average of cases tried at Assizes and Quarter Be
For the four years from 1909 to 1913 there were 13,335 cases. In other words, the one year alone of 1845 is nearly twice as heavy as the whole four
Bione
was. 24,303.
the greater leniency of the law has had favourable results; fewer men behave like savages now they are not treated savagely.
Commonwealth Government also In addition to two cruisers, the
The tendency of the law during the period under review has been to protect more and to punish less. The passing of the Act in 1898, that allows the defendant to go into the box on his own behalf, so that a prisoner is no longer necessarily years of 100 LO 1913. There was, dumb man and the establishment of course, a still greater decrease of the Court of Criminal Appeal during the four war years, only in 1907 are both steps in the right 6,662 cases being tried altogetror, direction. It almost seems-in plane-carrier,
a
which shows how true the old pro-spite of the statistics in the mat verb is that Satan finds some mis- ters of rape, stabbing, etc.--that chief still for idle hands to do. the time has come to try the experi But since the war, since we have ment of abolishing the death had unemployment and every kind penalty altogether. of difficulty, the records are still
The feeling of humanity revolts cheering 1920 to 1924 only show against it more and more, and per- total of 8491. So much for the haps in a hundred years' time our alleged crime-wave since the war. grisly paraphernalia of that little These figures do not, of course, in early morning walk, pinioning, elude enses of indictable offences and the ghastly drop will seem as tried at counts of summary juris incredible to our descendants as distion.
the wholesale hangings for Murder, however, remains mucha hundred years ago seen to the same year in, year out, and not only of the citizen towards the now. Higher ideals of the duty, except for a sudden rise in 1876 to State, but also of the State to- 130 cases, the figures vary between wards the citizen, seem the 40's and the 80's for the last answered so well that perhaps it have hundred years.
is not too much to hope that even
to
theft
118
As I have said, the decrease in this experiment might. prove suo- erime must be put down very large-cessful.
NEED FOR 'VARSITY COMMERCIALS.
SIR ALFRED MOND ON THE CHANGING ASPECTS OF INDUSTRY.
OLD TYPE NOT GOOD ENOUGH,
CUSTODY OF LEGITIMATED CHILD.
PROBLEM FOR LONDON DIVORCE COURT.
The custody of a child born before marriage and legitimated by the Legitimacy Act, 1920, was the sub- 'ject of a reserved judgment in the Divorce Division of the High Court, England.
Mr. Cecil Norbury Bednall, of
"We are all moro and more coming to the conclusion that we want University trained men for every part of our business activities Lewishamhill, S.E., had been grant- to-day," Sir Alfred Mond, M.Ped a decree wise against his wife told the British Non-Ferrous Metals and a difficulty arose in respect to. Research Association at the Savoy his claim for custody of the child Hotel.
born in May, 1922, two months be fore the marriage, as the certificate of birth had been lost and the child could not be re-registered without the consent of both parents. The mother, it was said, had taken the child to America. That, won't do today. You! Mr. Justice Hill said that unleas have to send round now scientific the child was a party to the suit men who understand the scientific'; he did not think that the court was aspects of what you have to sell and one of competent jurisdiction. the technical needs of your custom Therefore, he was unable to make
any order for custody.
"It is no use now sending round the old type of commercial traveller -zealous gentleman, very voluble, and very pleasant, who sold people things which they otherwise would not have bought.
ors:
'If you go on with intelligent direction and courage, there is no safer investment at all in the world than research.
I had a very interesting trip to Gormany not long ago, and saw some of their magnificent research laboratories. When I compare the amounts we spend on research in this country with what they spend in Germany I feel ashamed."
any
It will be," added. Mr. Justice Hill, for the husband's advisers to consider whether thero is method by which the child can be made a party to the suit, or whe ther a Boparate suit is to be made for a declaration of legitimacy. I have not applied my mind to that,"
Mr. D. Grazebrook, for Mr. Ded- nall: The decree niet will stand?
Mr. Justice Hill: Yes.
marines, the Ozleg and Otway, which are practically completed, by Messra. Vickers, Limited. A sea- under construction in Australia.
the Albatroza
SUNRISE AND SUNSET IN
HONG KONG.
MAORIS ON THE GRAMOPHONE.
FIRST RECORDS OF NATIVE SONGS.
CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand. which were recorded for the gramo Maori hakas and native songs, phone during the visit of the Duke have proved a complete success and and Duchess of York to Rotorua,
land.
been established at Sydney, and the A large record-pressing plant has
is 24 master records were forwarded there for the purpose of making the gramophone discs.
FOR JULY, 1827, STANDARD TIME OF THE 120th MERIDIAN, EAST OF GREENWICH.
Suvarice.
Datr
July 1st....42 2.11.
2nd 17
HAMBURG-AMERIKA LINIE,
NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.
THE
HE Motor Vessel
having arrived, Consignees of Cargo are. "VOGTLAND"
hereby notified that their Goods are the Hong Kong & Kowloon Wharf & being landed and placed at their risk in Godown Company's where Delivery can be obtained as the godowne at Kowloon,
Goods are lande.
11
HAMBURG-AMERIKA LINIE,
INCLUDING
HUGO STINNES LINIEN
COMBINED FREIGHT AND PASSENGER SERVICE,
CABIN CLASS ACCOMMODATION FOR 50 PASSENGERS.
OUTWARD,
--FARE FROM HONG KONG TO GENĐÀ-£73, 08, 0d,
Sailings from Earope for Shanghai and Northern Ports :-
M.S. "MUENSTERLAN !!" (HSCL)... due here on or about the 14th July 88. OLDENBURG" ("FAL) duo here on or about the 29th July 8.S. ADOLF V. BAEYER" (H.St.L. dus here on or about, the 15th An 8.3. "SAARLAND". (LA.L.) ...due here on or about the 28th Aug. HOMEWARD.
Sailings for Europe via Manila, Singapore,
Colombo & Port Said :-
***
M.S. RAMSES" (H.A.L.)...... sailing from bore on or about the 3rd July 6 M.S. ERMLAND" (HSLL) sailing from bere on or about the 17th July M.S. "VOGTLAND" (R.A.L.)... sailing from bers on or about the 1st Aug. MS. "MUENSTERLAND"
(H.St.L.)... Bailing from here on or at out the 18th Aug. B.S. "OLDENBURGTM" (H.A.LL) sailing from hore on or about the 4th Sept.
* Calling at Marseilles, Rotterdam and Hamburg.
Calling at Genos, Botterdam and Hamburg.
.16]
Calling at Genoa, Marseilles, Hotterdam, Hamburg and Antwerp.
For Freight, Passage and further Farticulara please apply to
JEBSEN & CO.
12, Pedder Street
Tel. 0. 2225. Tel. 0, 4754,
AUSTRAL CHINA NAVIGATION CO.
Notice has been given prior to Steamer's Arrival,
Optional Cargo will be landed, unless SS. “CALULU” will sail hence on the 4TH AUGUST
Goods
Goods have left the Godowns, and all No Claims will be admitted after the
6th July, 1927, will be subject to Rent.
remaining undelivered after the
are to be left in the Godowns, where they All broken, chafoxt and damaged. Goods
10 am., by our Surveyors, Messrs. will be examined on 5th July, 1927, at Goddard and Douglas.
All Claima must reach us before the 13th July, 1927, or they will not be recognized.
No Fire Insurance will be effected. Bills of Lading will countersigned by the undersigned.
JEBSEN & CO.,
Agents Hong Kong, 28th June, 1927. [5089
NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD,
BREMEN.
TR Steamer
"THIER" BURG and Perts, Consignees of Cargo having arrived from BREMEN, HAM- are hereby notified that their Cargo is downs of the Hang being landed at their risk into the Go
&Kowloon.
war on dodam. Ltd. Kolon
where Delivery can be obtained.
All Goods remaining undelivered after
17]
FOR
SYDNEY, MELBOURNE & ADELAIDE
VIA
MANILA, SANDAKAN, BALIKPAPAN, RABAUL and SAMARAI.
DODWELL & CO.,
AGENTS.
LTD.,
Queen's Duilding. Tel. C. 1030
JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN-
JC J.L
York Building
Bangknat
LIJN.
Tel. Address:
JAVALYN
Tel. Central 157)
- REGULAR FORTNIOUT SERVICE BETWEEN JAVA, CHINA AND JAPAN-
EXPROTED WILL STIANERS
the 4th of July, 1927, will be subject to Ront
TJILIWONG No Fire Insurance will be effected by us in any case whatever:
TJIBODAS Damaged Packages must be left in the TJIMANOEK. Godown, for examination by the Con- TJIKARANG ...
די
FOR
FROM
ON OB ABOUT
LEAVE ON OR ABOUT
JAVA, MANILA & AXOY JAVA,MACASSAR 4th July
In Port
2nd July SAIGon & Java
6th
N. C. & AMOY 4h
Gtb
BATAVIA 10th
144k
14th
22nd
17
>
20th
¡Mauasban & JAVA
2014
BATAVIA 24th S'BAI, K'LUNG. 26th
28th
12
AMOT & N. CHITNA SHANGDAL
286;
BATAVIA
"
which Maori songs and hakas, per-signees and the Company's
Surveyore US'HAL, K'LUNG| 12th
This is the first occasion upon formed by Maoris themselves, have been recorded for the gramophone. The Maoris cngaged were largely organised by Tai Mitchell, a chief of the Arawn tribe.
The items recorded were four solos with piano accompaniment, a few ducts and quartets, and chorus work of fifteen artists without ac- Sunset:
companiments. The hakaa come in towards the close of soine of the 7.11 p.. numbers.
HONG KONG METEOROLOGICAL
REGISTER.
Hong Kong Observatory, June 30th.
Previous On Datejon Date
Day at .at
Wind-
Direction
Force
at 2 p.m. 6 s.OL 2 p.m.
.3.42
7.11
1.1
Brel. 13
.6.12
7.11
1
4th.
"
..5.43
7.11
at
БЕ
"
.5.43
7.11
11
8th.
.5.43
7.31
7th. ....5.44
7.11
8th,
5.44.
5.11
9th.
5.44
7.11
10th..
.5.45
7.11
11th.
..5.45
7.11
12th.
..5.48
7.11
31
13th.
.5.40
7.11
Barometer... Temperature
29.66 80
29.05 81
29.65
8+
*
14th.
5.47
7.11.,,
Hamidity... 78
87
81
75 16th.
.5.47
7.11
ESE
E
16th.
.6.48
27 17th..
6.48
18th..
"
13
6.49 19th.. .5.49 20th.. .6.49 21st ..5.50 22nd ..5.50 23rd.
21
7.10 17 7.10 12 7.10 7.10. 17
4
*
0
00
0.00 0.00 0.19
12
"
.7.10
11
7.09
"
"
7.09
"
.5.51
t
7.08
24th..........5.51
7.08
1+
25th..........5.51
7.07
11
20th...5.52.
21
27th...5:52
"
7.06.
28th... .5.52
.7.00
29th.. .5.53 30th
7,06
.6.33
7.06
17
31st......5.64
7:05
Weather ...
Bain ...
Highest open-air Temperature, 29th : 86
Lowest open-air Temperature, 30th: 30
B-Blue sky; O-Cloudy; D- Dritsle; F-Fog; L-Lightning; M-Mist; O-Overcast: P-Passing 7.07. showers; Q-Squalla; R-&ain; T-
Theeder,
UNCLAIMED TELEGRAMS.
AT THE GREAT NORTHERN TELEGRAPH 00.
ADDEZSI Bogers Broadhurst Astor House Sim, Peak...
Days of
HONG KONG IIDE TABLE.
From July 1st to 7th, 1927,
Low Warda,
Hong
Height:
Kong
Standard
Height
HIGH WATER..
Hong
Kong
Standard
Time.
Time.
E.
b. m.in.
J
La
FROM .Tien tain
Shanghai Robe ...UhateauroĽK
Fri.
1963 7 5 8 18 3 1
Sat,
2 lm 0 '96
525 a 0,8
48
10.98
Bas,
Mon. 4 m 2 14 8.5m 6
11 41 16 8: Tues. 5
m & 55
18
B7 18
0
B. 26.
Wed.
Thur.
in 9 58
AT THE EASTERN EXTENSION, AUSTRALASIA AND CHINA TELEGRAPH 00.
ADDRESA
Frox Tieidrico nao
...Birmingham Peorters....
Bradford Edward Moleanan... Vancouver, B.0.
3 m 1 24138 m 23
7 m 443 4.5m 2 15
9 57-2
Mesars. Anderson & Ashe at 10 a.m. on the 30th of June, 1927,
a
TJISAROEA TJIKARANG
...JAYA, MANILA 17th
...N. C. & Amor 18th
No Claims will be admitted after the TJIKINIJAVA. MACASA 18th Goods have left the Godown and a Claims must be presented within Two Weeks of the Ship's arrival hero, after which date they will not be recognised,
Consignees are requested to surrender their Bills of Lading to the Undersigned for countersignature.
MELCHERS & CO.,
Agents, NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD, BREMEN, Hong Kong, 27th June, 1927. [5082
Wireless Telegraphy.
Axor & N. OIIINA
BATAVIA
SHANGHAI
MANY
BATAVIA
.:
SAIGON & JAVA
The steamers are all fitted throughout with Electric Light and have s600mmcdar for limited number of saloon Passengers. All steamers carry a duly qualified surgeon. · Cargo faken at through rates to all porte in. Netherlands India and Australis.
For Particulars of Freight and Pango, apply to the
JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN.
10].
THE HONGKONG & WHAMPOA DOCK
COMPANY,
LIMITED.
TELEOBAPHIU ADDRESS · "MANIFESTO," HONG KONG,
Con Un Al, A.BC. Fifth Edition; Engineering: First and Second Editions
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毒
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BUILT AND ENGINED AT HOWLOON DOCKS BY THE HONG KONG & WHAMPOA DOCK CO., LTD,, 70 Tui ORDER OF THE AUSTRALIAN-URIENTAL LINE, LTD., 1oz AUSTRALIAN-HONG KONG Baruzza!* Please address enquiries to the Chlef Manager,
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