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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, DECEMBER SINT, 1925.
FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS CHINA.
GREAT BRITAIN'S PROPOSALS.
FULL TEXT OF THE MEMORANDUM.
JUSTICE OF CHINA'S CLAIM TO TREATY
REVISION RECOGNISED.
Great Britain's Memorandum to the Washington Treaty Powers concerning foreign policy towards China has now been released for publication. As will be seen it is proposed that China's claims to tariff autonomy and treaty revision should be recognised and a declaration issued to this effect. This was the procedure urged by Dr. C. C. Wa at Shanghai recently. Dr. Wu declared that such a declaration would remove the lact obstacle to friendship and a substantial understanding. If Britain's recommendations are fol- lowed, therefore, seems probable that a very considerable far ward step will have been made towards satisfying at any rate the moderate sections of the Kuomintang Party.
The Memorandum, which is now being considered by the Powers, ..is as follows:
"For some time past his Majesty's Government have watched with growing anxiety the situation in China and they believe that this anxiety will be shared by the gov eraments of the interested Powers. Five years ago the Powers "as- sembled at Washington and taking into consideration the circumstances then existing in China they agreed amongst themselves, in conjunction with representatives of the Chinese government, that their future policy should be guided by certain Principles, designed to safeguard the integrity and independence of Chins, to promote her political and economic development and the re- habilitation of her finances It was agreed to grant ber certain crenses on her treaty tariff in order to provide the revenue required for these purposES. It was further agreed that a Commission should examine the question of extra territoriality with a view to amend ing the system now in force by the elimination of abuses and accretions and by the removal of unnecessary limitations on China's sovereignty.
Delay of Conferences,
would be placed under foreign con trol and applied in great part, to the liquidation of unsecured debt.
Without Strings.
10. From the very outset his Majesty's Government, were opposed to the question of unsecured debt being dealt with by the Tariff Con ference at all and they frankly ex pressed this view in a confidential memorandum communicated to the Consortium Powars early in 1023. They foresaw that it might defeat the intentions of the Washington Conference which were to assist the economic and political development, of China and to relax, not to tighten, for control. They held that the object of the cercession propos- ed as the Washington Conference being to benefit China, the principal purposes to which the proceeds of the surtaxes should be devoted ought to be productive objects such as railway construction and social or economic reforms which would be à permanent benefit to China as o reforms was in their opinion the abolition of Likin which moreover was expressly contemplated in the treaty.
spirit of the Washington Conter-whole. The most promising of these chce but developed and adapted to meet the altered circumstances of the present te. 1
*
Legitimate Aspirations.
His Majesty's Government were therefore opposed to making consolidation of unsecured debt one of the purposes to be attained by the Tariff Conference although their own nationals were directly in terested in funding of some of these debts w
11. It has been argued thai. His Majesty's Government debt consolidation would also be a propose that in this joint declara permanent benefit to China because tion the Powers should make it it would restore China's credit. clear that in their constructive This argument would doubtless be policy they desire to go as far as valid if there were a government in possible towards meeting the legi-effective control over the whole coun- mata aspirations of the Chinese try, but in Chian to-day debt con- nation. They should abandon the solidation could only enable the idea that the e shule and political facts which happened to be in development of China can only be power in Peking to resort to fresk secured under foreign tutelage and ruinous and unprodactive borrow should declare their readiness to re-
ing.. cognize her right to enjoy tariff autonomy as soon as she herself has settled and promulgated a new national tarif. They should ex- pressly disclaim any intention of forcing foreign control upon an un- willing Ching While calling upon China to maintain that respect for the sanctity of the treaties which is the primary obligation common to all civilized States, the Powers should get recognize both the essen- tial justice of the Chinese claim for treaty revision and the difficulty under present conditions of nego itating new treaties in the place of old, and they should therefore medily their traditional attitude of rigid insistence on the strict letter of treaty rights.
Ineffective Protesta.
Customs Dentrol,
12. Further objection to the inclusion of unsecured debt amongat subjects to be dealt with at the Tariff Conference was brought into relief by the grant in principle of tariff autonomy. That raised at. once in acute form the question of the control of Custom's revenues.. His Majesty's Government viewed with grave misgiving the proposal that foreign control should be ex tended over additional revenues which might be increased by tariff
2. Unfortunately the Tariff Conference did not meet for four years and during that period the situation had greatly deteriorated. During a succession of civil wars the authority of the Peking gov ernment had diminished almost to vanishing point, while in the south
During this possibly very pro-autonomy. a powerful Nationalist Government at Canton definitely disputed the longed period of uncertainty the right of the government at Peking Powers can only, in the view of his to speak on behalf of China or enter Majesty's Government, adopt an ex- into binding engagements in her pertant attitude and endeavour to name. This process of disintegra the developments so far as possi- tion, of civil war and wane of ven-
ble in conformity with the realities of the situation, so that, ultimate tral authority continued with in- ereased acceleration after the Tarify, when treaty revision becomes Conference had met until eventual ly conference negotiations came to an end because there was no longer
government
negotiate.
with whom to
Na Government, 3. The Commission on extra territoriality has meanwhile ccm- pleted its labours and presented its reports, but here again we are faced with a similar difficulty due to the disintegration of China. Recom- mendations contained in the report, while suggesting certain reforras capable of being carried into im mediate efest, pre-suppose for their full execution the existence of a government possession authority to enter into cagagements on behalf of the whole of China.
governments.
possible.
the
Times Kive Changed. "In 1921 it was natural that the Powers should demand guarantees for due fulfilment of the benevolent purposes which the Washington Conference aimed at achieving. But what tight have been prac will be found that part ticable in 1991 was no longer pos at leset of the revision has already tible in 1926. It was obvious that been effected or satisfactory lines China would ret submit to any ex- It would therefore be wise to shan. tension of foreign control either for debt consolidation or for abolition don the policy of ineffective protest of likin, and it seemed to his Ma ever minor matters, reserving pro- -test-which should then be made jesty's Government that for the Powers to unite in an attempt to effective by united-action-for cases
impose control upon an unwilling where vital interests are at stake.
China would be entirely opposed to Every case should be considered on
Washington spirit of the and the declaration. its merits should show that the Powers are, treaties and to the policy which his prepared to consider in a sympathe Majesty's Government had tie spirit any reasonable proposals sistently advocated. At the same that Chinese authorities wherever time his Majesty's Government felt situated may make, even if contrary that it was essential that the to strict interpretation of treaty Washington promises so long over rights, in return for fair and con due should be implemented. Ac- siderate treatment of foreign in cordingly on May 28th last, in reply teresis by them. Declaration should to an enquiry from the United show that it is the policy of the States Government as to the at- Powers to endeavour to maintain titude of his Majesty's Government harmonious relations with China towards the Tarif Conference, they without waiting or insisting on the proposed in a memorandum, copy Fowers ahonld abstain from any at- prior establishment of strong of which is annexed hereto, that the Central Governmen
tempt to exact guarantees or con ditions but should forthwith autho- rize the levy of the surtaxes....
"During all these civil wdra it has been the consistent policy of His Majesty's Government to ab- stain from any interference be tween warring factions or rival Despite disorders
Extrality, Surtaxes. which civil war engenders and ".. It is the earnest hope of bis the grievous losses inflicted, on vast Majesty's Government that commercial interests both Chinese Powers will agree to adopt the prin and foreign, His Majesty's Govern- ciples of policy outlined above and ment bave declined to associate apply them to the realities of the themselves with any particular action or to interfere in any way in civil commotions. His Majesty's Government believe that the Powers bava adopted a similar attitude and that this is and will continue to be the only rightful attitude to main
Present Situation.."
tain.
The aituation which exists in China to day is thus entirely diferent from that which faced the Powers at the time they framed the Washington treaties. In the pre- rent state of confusion, though some progress has been made by means of local negotiation and agreements with regional governments, it has not been possible for the Powers proceed with the larger programme of treaty revision which was fore- shadowed at Washington or to ar live at a settlemcat of any of the Gutstanding questions relating to the position of foreigners in China. The political disintegration China has, however, been accom- panied by a powerful nationalist movement which aimed at gaining for China" an equal place among the nations and any failure to meet this movement with sympathy and understanding would not respond to the real intentions of the Power towards China.
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Cantonese Direct Action. « 13 Owing to the collapse of the Conference no action on this pro- present situation. Certain recomposal was possible. The situation mendations in the report of the however suddenly developed in the Commission on Extra-territoriality very direction which was anticipat referred to in paragraph 3 above, ed when the proposal was made. and certain other reforms not cover The Cantonese did in fact seize the ed by that Commission's report but Washington surtaxes by levying in falling under the general heading defiance of treaties certain addi- of extra-territoriality, can be car- tional taxes on the foreign trade of ried into effect, even in present con- the port. His Majesty's Govern- ditions, without great delay. There ment have with much reluctance is however one step of more m-joined in the protest against the mediate importance which in the new taxes for the sake of maintain- view of his Majesty's Government ing solidarity with the Powers but the Powers should agree to take at they are not satisfied that this is the once. His Majesty's Government right policy for the present situa- believe that an endeavour should be tion. They regret that they did not made to undo the evil results which more insistently press their views have flowered from the failure of at an earlier stage of the Confer- the Tariff Conference to implement ence, hut they think that it is still the promisca ns to tariff increases nor too late, despite the protest al made by the Powers to China hear ready made to return "to the alter- by five years ago, and they propose native course proposed in the memo
fotre that the Fawers should randum of May 28th. His M Children can ride the Circus Ponies, Horses, Camels & Donkeys! agree to the immediate uncondi jesty's Govertiment therefore strong tional grant of the Washington ly urge that the Powers should now authorize the immediate levy of the Customs Washington surtaxes unconditional 6. By the China Treaty, signed at Washington only throughout China. They hope. February 6th, 1922, the Powers pro that this may provide a basis for re- mised the grant to China of certain gularising the position at Canton. tarif increases (comonly known as
Out-st-Date Treaties. the Washington surtaxes)!! for such 14 The principal objection purposes and under such condi that will probably be made to this tiens as a special conference promoeal is that in strict logic it ight determine. That special con would amount to condoning a His Majesty's Government ference is the Tariff Conference breach of treaty. This argument after carefully reviewing the pos which, after a delay of nearly four however does not sufficiently take tion desire to subunit their conyears, met in Feking on October into account the realities of the sidered opinion as to the course 28th, 1925, and has now to all in situation. The basic facts of the
ses definitely failed. which the Washington Treaty tents and purposes
present situation are that treaties Powers should now alojyt. His The promised surtaxes have not been are now admittedly in many res Majesty's Government propose that granted. The foreign delegations pects out-of-date and that in any
were not satisfied with the nasur attempt to secure revision,, the OR LECLERC'S LIVER INCL these governments shall issue & statement setting forth the essential anees which the Chinese delegation Chinese are confronted on the one
ING | OMIEN ORLYEL, BACKAOHS, Gora, Bentatian, facts of the situation; declaring offered at the session of March 18th, hand with the internal dificulty of Pune Leming Cha, de 2003 Z10, their readiness to negotiate on as to the purposes to which the their own disumon and on the balm, co ok. 24. 2. 14 treaty revision and all other out Chinese government would them sanding questions as soon as the selves devote the proceeds of the other hand with the external diffi-DALE CLEBC'S YELPRILE
culty of obtaining the unanimous Chinese themselves have constituted surtaxes. They were prepared to
in surtaxes.
Look out for the special show on the 50th anniversary of Mr. Isako's connection with Circus Life.
BOOKING AT ANDERSONS.
The Cirens is protected against FIRE by
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"OVE ̈MALF A CENTURY REFUTAT.ON
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a government to pursue a construe grant them only on conditions concurrence of the Powers The BR LE CLERC'S ANEMIA
(Continued on page 3). I-DR. LE CLERG'S SOAP. 14, or 4 Tablets 1 tive policy in harmony with the which ensured that the proceeds
ON SALE,
OUND VOLUMES of the HONG
BONG WEEKLY PRESS,
January to June, 1926.
WITH INDEX, Price-87.50,
On sale at the HONG KONG DAIL
PAESE Office.