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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 2KD, 1926
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CRUELTY.
THE BLOOD LUST OF DZIERZYNSKI.
[BY THE VERY REV. W. R. INGE,
DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.]
The sudden death of Dzierzynski, about which the whale truth may not have been told has removed from the earth one of the most "horrible" monsters who ever polluted it
The Inquisitors.
Many Oriental kings and sultans have beon connoisseurs in torture, and have enjoyed witnessing its infiction. When we turn to the crucities at the Inquisi- tors we have the additional motive ot religious fanaticism, which is present in a strangely perverted form in some of the enthusiasts for Communism. It is a stfange thing, says
of Anatole France's characters, that if we begin by believing that all men, are naturally good and just, wa eng by wanting to kill them all
ona
horrors of a torture-hamber, but perhaps It is not easy for us to imagine the
it is worth while to make the attemps. for there is a danger that in our screened nature has been and still is capable of. civilisation we may forget what human'
There is a précis of a trial by torture be fore the Spanish Inquisition in Lea's not leave much to the imagination. The "History of the Inquisition which does
victim was a poor lady who was accused of wearing clean linen on Saturdays, and ked clean linen and did not like pork of not eating pork. Her answer that she
was not received, and she was put through a long course of hideous tortures, which were repeated a few days later.
Fragile Civilisation
At last it occurred to her that they wanted her to say that she had been tempted to become a Jewess, but now re- pented. So she said it, thereby proving to the satisfaction of the inquisitors that a second application of torture will often elicit the truth when the first has failed. Or one may pay a visit, as I did the other day, to the old dungeons at The Hague. where all the engines of torture are kept in working order, as if they were to he used to-morrow. It is a sight which, once seen, ean never be forgotten.
a
He was the life and soul of the Cheks, that appalling tribunal which for several sears has held the Russian people pro strate and speechless with terror. All the instruments of tyranny known to the Tsarist government were by him given a sharper edge. Swarms of secret police, spies in every street, provocative agents, were kept constantly busy in finding new victims for the executioner. Torture, which had long been banished from Europe, was overywhere employed, with the help of Chinese experts in the art Some of the tortures seem to have been unknown in the middle ages, such as, the “human gloves," made by tearing the skin off the hands and arms. The num. bers judicially murdered far surpass any previous records. It is now, five years since the Paris Gaulois copied from the Soviet newspapers the butcher's bill be
Are we in any danger of seeing tweea October, 1917, and that date. Thedieval and Russian botrors at home i number killed then amounted to 1,372,719 We may hope not; but many things were most of them were butchered in cold done in the Great War which we never blood by the revolutionary tribunals, expected to hear of again in Europe: some of the belligerents acclimatised The victims were classified as follows themselves very quickly to the methods of Bishops, priests, 1,216. professors barbarism. And our extremists do not seem to feel any qualms about the ex- and teachers, 6,775; doctors, 8,800; army ploits of the Red Terrorists; one might officers, 34.000; soldiers, 200,000 police suppose that they would be quite ready officers, 10,000; constabulary, 18,500; to do the same themselves. Human pa ture scarcely changes at all; it is custom landowners, 12,950; intelligentsia and and tradition," the atmosphere of a long. middle-class, 355,350; "peasants, 815,000. settled, and peaceful society which keeps, Dzierzynski has beca busy since 1921, but us civilised. Our misguided intellectuals no figures of his later massacres are who dabble in revolution, and talk as if available.
the institutions of a great cominunity could be taken to pieces and put together again like a watch, little realise what a legion of devils might be turned loose even in a nation with so strong a tradi toleration as our own. Civilisation is a fragile thing; if we are wise we shall take care not to Break it-Burning Standard.
A Gloomy Fanatic." The prime mover in these horrors is described as a gloomy and cruel fanatic, who cared little for money or pleasuretion of order, kindliness, and mutual he had, in tact, renounced the world and the flesh in order to serve the devil mare whole-heartedly.
Revolutions, when they are successful, bring this type of men to the top, not immediately, but after a struggle, in which the morally unfittest survive. Marat and Carrier, Billaud and Barère, in the French Revolution, were precursors of Dzierzynski, though he has far sur- passed them in the scale of his oper ations. These, men are half insane, dia ensed in body and mind, possessed with a strange blood-lust which, is fed by fanaticism, fear, and cruelty. "Paris is too large, cried Barère; "we must have recourse to bleeding." Let us raise a wall of heads between ourselves, and the
people," said another. "We are Dat going fast enough," compained Fou quier; we want 400; or, 450, heads every ten days.”
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and torture.
Normally, we shrink and avert our eyes from the sight of truelty with a horror which no other kind of evil-doing excites in us. We are conscious chiefly of pity, but do we not also feel instinctively that such sights are morally dangerous and degrading A cultivated Eaglishman who went to see three men beheaded in the seventeenth century records that the first execution was received by the crowd with a groan of horror, the second with indif ference, and that at the third the people laughed and jeezed at the executioner when he dropped the head which he was to hold up. So quickly may our feeilngs be blunted. Familiarity very soon. leads. to callousness, and callousness to fiendiah pleasure. Pathologists know well how closely cruelty is connected with lust. The words sadism and masochiam have been invented by the French to describe pervertions which it is not pleasant to think of. But inousters, of cruelty were not always known to be cruel. If it is true that Dzierzynski was once-a painter in Sydney-street, Chelsea, it would be interesting to know what his neighbours thought of him then.
It is when a diseased mind is brought by some, sudden turn of fortune's wheel into a position of irresponsible power that these hideous proclivities often mani- fest themselves. Despots frequently be come partially insane. Some of the Roman emperors, such as Caligula, Domitian, and even Tiberius in his old age, seem to have revelled in inflicting
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