THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, JULY 14TH, 1926
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HONGKONG
- HONGKONG'S VILLAGES.
THE QUESTION OF THEIR SANITARY CONDITIONS.
"RESULT OF INVESTIGATION BY SPECIAL COMMITTEE. IMPROVEMENTS SUGGESTED IN EXHAUSTIVE REPORT
The Sanitary Board, on May 4th, ap-villages in the Colony, whether the pointed Drs. Koch, Severn, and Tso to supply be from spring, well, or Govern form a committee to consider the possibi- ment main. lity of applying more rigorously than at present the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance to the various village.communi- ties in the Colony, other than the New Territories, and more generally to con- sider what steps are possible to improve the sanitary condition of such villages.
This report, which is of an exhaustive, valuable and useful nature, was present- ed at a meeting of the Sanitary Board yesterday afternoon.
Following the proposing of the adoption of this report by the President, a short, discussion ensued, in which Col. Boylan Smith advocated the necessity of instruct- ing school-children in elementary sanita- tion-and-hygiene.
Dr. S. D. Tsp suggested, during the discussion, that the Government be asked to formulate a scheme by which a large area be set aside in the New Territories for the laying out of a model village where villagers would have every facility and encouragement to continue in their old occupation of rearing pigs, poultry and growing vegetables for the Hongkong markets, and also be able to have under better and healthier conditions than hitherto.
SCAVENGING AND REFUSE We recommend that in all those included in R regular villages not scavenging system, a small refuse incine rator should be provided, on the lines of one at present erected at Shek O. One of our staff might then superintend the burning of the refuse at intervals of a few days.
The appointment of a villager, at a regular wage, to be in charge of the scavenging of his village, has been tried at Pokfulam in former years. A similar arrangement might be made with advan- taga in the villages which are not at pre- sent scavenged.
LATRINE ACCOMMODATION
Latrine accommodation is absent or inadequate in many of the villages in spected by us, and we would recommend that the Sanitary-Board give this matter their attention. Certain difficulties are presented owing to the distance and iso- lation of some of the villages, and the probable opposition of the local garden. ers, who apparently would not wish to have the night-soil rendered unavailable! for the purpose of fertilizing their lands, If the villagers are to continue to us the night-soil to manure their Selds, t is desirable that it should not be used in liquid with earth or mould. This would Dr. W. V.liquid form as at present, but properly do much to reduce the nuisance from flies, and render the night soil, less dan gerous as a medium for the spread of intestinal diseases and parasites.
There were present at the meeting! Mr. N. L. Smith (President), D. Creasy M. Koch, the Hon. Mr. (Director of Public Works), Dr. S. W. Tao, Col. Boylan Smith, Mr. Wong Kwong Tin, Dr. S. C. Ho, Mr. R. A. D. Forrest (Secretary) and Dr. G. M. Severn
Acting Medical Officer of Health).
THE
COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
DOMESTIC ANIMALS,
KAIPING HOUSEHOLD GOAL
In Lots of not Note Reduction in Prices.
·less - than
Delivered to Peak District (above Bowen
Road), $24.00 per ton.
Delivered to Bowen Road and Lower Levels, $22.00
per ton.
Delivered to
Kowloon, $20.00
per toa.
For Price Apply to
Orders should be sent -ta-writing-not by telephone at least 24 hours, before the Coal 15 required
All orders must be ac- | companied by Cash, Cheque,
OF Compra- dore payable
Order
to
The Kalian Mining ministration."
THE KAILAN MINING ADMINISTRATION DODWELL & CO., LTD., Agents, Hongkong.
STANLEY.
The water supply should be improved The existing public wells, together with their pumps, have been allowed to get badly out of repair. This matter should be attended to without delay The pumps and wells, when repaired, should be maintained in proper order, and the water periodically examined.
Undergrowth in the neighbourhood of the village should be cleared at frequent intervals.
Poots and standing water in this area should be filled in or regularly oiled. 1
TYTAM.
shi
Ad-
Modern houses, are being built in the neighbourhood of this village, and it is becoming an important residential area. The Dairy Farm is in close proximity, and the CV.S., supports our view that the purity of the main milk supply of the Colony is endangered by the presence of this village.
On the above grounds we unhesitating- is recommend the early and complete re- ruption of Pokfulam village.
HYGIENE INSTRUCTION
NECESSARY
The PRESIDENT moved the adoption of This is a small village, close to Stanley, the report and Col. BOYLAN SMITH in consisting of "about ten families. The seconding agreed that it was a very use
"The Colonial Veterinary Surgeon at. Water supply "from the existing well is ful report. The committee had called The report of the Committee, regard-tended one of our meetings, and explain, not constant; this well should be deepen attention to the necessity of putting in
ing the investigation of village sanitation, is in three parts and reads as under:
Part I.,
The committee, after a preliminary dis cussion arranged a programme of visits to the more important villages.
It was considered that the villages situ ated on the island of Hongkong, require more urgently to be dealt with, than the vilages of Kowloon, as it appears that the whole of the villages in Kowloon and New Kowloon will eventually be resumed in the course of the development of the peninsula, as indicated in the maps and surveys showing the lay-out recommended by the Town-planning-Committee, and approved by the Government
It was decided to give the villages situ ated in the island of Hongkong individual consideration, whereas the villages itu- sted in Kowloon and New Kowloon should be included in the general recommenda- tions which should be made.
The following villages were visited and inspecteit:
Poxlulam. Aplichau. Aberdeen.
Telegraph Bay.
Little Hongkong (Sun Wai). Stanley.-
Tytum
Aukungngam.·
Shek O. Shaukiwan Taihang.
another The above recommendations re Stanley should be selected and a new well sunk. apply also at Tytam.
SHEK O.
with regard to the domestic animals, which are an integral part of village) life in the Colony. He also gave us particulars of the dairies, pig-stys, cattle
The general recommendations of Part and goat sheds registered or licenced in Hongkong. The present policy of the should be put into force. The til- Board, in gradually raising the standard
the sanitation of their village, as evid- of pig-stys and cattle-sheds in the villagers appear very willing to assist in Inges, without bringing undue hardship enced by their erection of a communal re- on the villagers, is a measure which has fuse incinerator. The Sanitary Depart our support,
CUTTING UNDERGROWTH.
The regular cutting of undergrowth in, and immediately surrounding, most of the villages is a desirable anti-malarial measure, which we recommend be given due consideration by the Government.
LIMITATION OF EXPANSION. Many of the villagers showed a marked tendency to increase in size to an extent which we consider to be undersirable, and we are of the opinion that it would be an advantage if this matter was given full consideration before further permits are granted for the erection of matsheds or other native-type dwellings in or near existing villages.
We consider that the preceding general recommendations should be applied in
ment might see that this incinerator is used properly, and assist with a small issue of kerosine......
Care is necessary that the "prezent water supply from a spring shall remain uncontaminated by builders's matabeds, or the drainage from new bungalows, which may be erected in this area in the course of its development
:
AU KUNG NGAM. This village is inhabited mainly by boat-builders.
Supervision should be exercised over pools and standing water.
sanitary practices. He took it that they meant this to be done on educational lines and asked if any steps were taken in the Colony to educate children in elementary sanitation and also whether... in hygiene so that they might teach and steps were taken to educate teachers children hygiene
The PRESIDENT replied that he took the question up about a year and a half ago when the whole question was being dis- cussed with the director of Education and also sent him a large number of Chinese phamplats which were published.. in Shanghai by same Board. In sending them he asked if they would be any use in schools and to the best of his recollec tion the Director considered they would net, be of much use to scholars although they might be of use to teachers who could embody the matter in their lessons. At the same time the vernacular readers which Chinese scholars now used in school were more or less up to date on this subject and had reading lessons which included elementary matter" such
The extension of the Government water supply from Shaukiwan, and the erec-as mosquitoes."
Col. BOYLAN SMITH said he was struck tion of standpipes, should be considered, as the present supply from a spring is in Ceylon by the compulsory course in liable to dry up in winter. The nearest elementary schoola en hygiene and the ul villages in Hongkong, Kowloon and standpipe at present is more thao & children their had to learn something of New Kowloon We are aware that many quarter of a mile distant from the the subject. Unless they had some method of compelling them to study the of these stipulations are already fully village
Other general recommendations in matter and pass a certain standard in provided for in some of the villages, but we consider that a more uniform system Part I., should be put into force in this the matter it was not much use putting
advertisements in front of them. should be put into force without undue village.
The PRESIDENT said he would take the delay, as sufficient staff and funds become
matter up again. available.
Part 11.
VILLAGES VISITED.
"
Wongneichong (Matshed village)." The above represent the principal vil lares on the island of Hongkong, apart from some villages which, have become included in the urban area: there are in addition some smaller bamlets; or collec
The following villages have been visit tions of fishermen's buta, many, of which have to be approached by water. These led by us and given individual considera- last were regarded as being so far isolated tion: TELEGRAPH BAY...
or so small as to be negligible...
The general recommendations which this committee consider should be ap plied, or continued were alrendy applied; in all villages, and are outlined under the following heads: REGULAR SANITARY INSPECTION. All villages should have the advantage of regular sanitary inspection.
Although it is not considered practic able, at present, to enforce more than
"We consider that the general recom- mendations set down in Part 1, will mect most of the requirements of this settlement.ter
The provision of sumps and the con- struction of surface channels will improve
the drainage.
Attention should be paid to standing water, pools and undergrowth.
The development of this village should not
श
SHAUKIWAN.
The sanitary measures at present en- forced would appear to be adequate for this area.
TẠI HÀNG
In the course of future development this village will become part of the urban
ared
The difficulties with regard to pig-stys in this neighbourhood, might be solved by the institution of a special reservation et apart for pig rearing, on a site not too distant from Tai Hang, as suggested by, the C.V.S.
Part III.
We have considered separately the fol- Towing two villages, which by reason of their close proximity to the city of become foci
MODEL VILLAGE SUGGESTED.
Dr Tso, commenting on the report, pointed out that the rural districts of the Colony were fast developing into resi dential areas for modern houses. Many villages would sooner or later have to be resumed and the question of resumption difficulties of all sorts. was as they all knew-hampered with
There was the question of compensation and assuming a fair compensation were paid them what would they do for an occupation. Could they at once seek spot and live in the enconditions as urban life or would they seek another
A small part of the requirements of the be encouraged owing to its comparative Victoria, owing to urban expansipa, have before. It would probably be the latter
recent squatters were removed; and if Pokfulam, and the large collection of and the Dairy Farm. It would be well if health of the city. These villages are matsheds have been erected on permit offensive matsheds which have sprung
valley.
spring up
He suggested that the Government should formulate a scheme whereby a
educate the villagers towards an appre- within the last two or three years they in the neighbourhood of Wongreichong model village could be laid in a large
WONGNEICHONG.
area in the New Territories, where villagers would have every facility and encouragement to continue in their old occupations of rearing pigs, poultry, and growing vegetable for the Hongkong markets.
tactful Sanitary Inspector in the course of his regular inspections could do much to set a good eximple, and gradually to ciation of sanitary measures. He would should be gradually withdrawn, until the without difhculty gain the conndence and village resumes its former proportions.
The standard of construction of pig Matshed village--Since the resump the assistance of the inhabitants in such matters as mosquito reduction, refuse and stys in this village should be improved tion of the village a matshed settlement night-sol disposal, improved latrines, and The C.V.B. informs us that this matter has become established in the neighbour hood. The new sheds are built so closely water-supply. The District
This would be much better, than Inspector is receiving his attention at present.
together that it is almost impossible to -ABERDEEN. should report to the H.S.D. on all mat ters which he consider, of urgency from
The huts and sheds-are-of-a-most pri the Board were in agreement with him This area is being fully and well-look-keep the area clean and sanitary tary compensation. If the members of the standpoint of sanitation, these recom ed after under the present régime. No mitive type, and inhabited generally by he suggested that the Government be mendations would be given careful-conspecific. recommendations appear necese gardeners and labourera
ideration, and as fuads permit auch im provements could be made which, would do much to elevate the standard of sanita tion in the villagës.
We would, however, recommend that n more comprehensive scheme of public health propaganda in villages, by mesna of lectures, leaflets or cartoons on health subjects, he given consideration.
kary.
APLICHAU
The most pressing need of this village is an improved water supply. If it is not possible to provide altered water from Aberdeen, then proper wells should be sunk, and the number of private wells, and the existing unsatisfactory public walls, should be closed
one-
ed, might be transferred there to live un- der better and healthier conditions. Perhaps this could be added to the re
asked to formulate such a schema so that The water supply is in the form of a villagers, when their village was resum stream, open to gross contamination.
Latrines and sumps, where they exist, are of an unsatisfactory type.
There is considerable danger from are, as the matsheds are packed so closely together.
Mosquitoes bound in the pools and sluggish streams.
port,
The PERSIDENT the question before the Board was how far existing sanitation laws could be applied to villages. He vince of the Board to suggest how these Pigs and other animals wander about hardly thought it was within the pro- the paths, and help to defile the piace villagers should be accommodated. He This area is in close proximity to af suggested he should forward Dr. To's large number of European-style houses. idea to the Government for its considers The main village streets should be re and we consider that it is urgently neces concreted, and attention paid to succesary, in the interests of public euth that the Wongnaichong matsheds should channels and improved drainage.
Pig-stys should be erected in an ap be wholly removed without delay. proved reservation.
POKFULAM.
GENERAL HOUSE CLEANSING.
The new wells, when constructed, The system of general house-cleansing should be maintained in good order, and bas proved so beneficial wherever it has the water regularly examined both che been introduced that we unhesitatingly mically and bacteriologically, urza ita regular adoption in altvillages where it is possible to transport the necessary tanks and material. The fact that the majority, if not all of the vil Inges in Kowloon and New Kowloon are now included in the general house-
The provision of a small permanent cleansing, goes to show the practicability market should be considered by the Bani- of its more universal application in the tary Board. villages situated in the island of Hong kong.
WATER SUPPLY.
The sanitary condition of this village is not good...
It is an old established settlement,
LITTLE HONGKONG (SUN WAI), said to have been in existence for more The removal of stormwater would be than a century About 850 persons live facilitated by the construction of surface here; the villagers grow vegetables, and
One of the main industries is pig and very clean village, and the general, recommendations of Part L, would ap-rearing for the Hongkong market. pear satisfactorily to meet its needs.
1
tion
The report was unanimoully adopted. The PRESIDENT promised, to bring the question of propoganda, as suggested by Col Boylan Smith in his proposals, be fore the next meeting.."
ADULTERATED MILK
Speaking on the question of recent detected cases of adultered milk the but they were really only one case, five PRESIDENT said there had been five cases
sponsible was fined $100. He was actual Flies and mosquitoes are prevalently found filling the bottles under a tap.
in all villages is a matter of vital im. channels. This is a somewhat isolated rear poultry for their own consumption bottles being concerned. The person re
The provision of a pure water supply portance, and we consider that the Gov. ernment should see that the best water supply Gyadable Provided in a