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THE RECENT STRIKE OF BRITISH SEAMEN.
ENORMOUS LOSSES OF SHIP. OWNERS.
A CONCERTED ATTEMPT AT
PARALYSIS." Speaking at the annual meeting of the Orient Steam Navigation Company, Ltd, on December 16th, Sir Kannoth Anderson said but for the conservative policy pursued by the managers in the past it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to build up the fino fleet they now possessed, sad for that reason,, as well as to meet other contingencies, fore- seen or unforeseen, they must continue. to add to their resources. They were considering whether it would not be desirable to make the capital account redect more accurately that it did the amount of money which the shareholders had at risk in the business, and the rate of return which they received upon that money. Whatever adjustment they might recommend in the capital account, they would not contemplate the capitalization of more than some portion of the reserves, though they were well repre sented by net assets which stood in the books at a safe value,
At the end of August a concerted and simultaneous attempt was made to paralyze, British shipping in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom. In South Africn it collapsed at a relatively early date, and in the United Kingdon it was from the start a signal failure, although all the usual methods of violence and intimida tion which the present state of the law countenanced were fully imployed. In Australia and New Zealand, with some few exceptious, it succeeded in achieving an almost complete bold-up of British ships for three whole months. The men who struck, and in many cases whole crews, broke their articles ty deaceting or refusal of duty. For that reason the strike was foredoomed to failure from the start. It had inflicted enormous losses on the owners, thus diminishing the fund out of which wages were paid, and in so far as those losses were repre, sented by the freight which the ships should have carried it had pro tanto gone to strengthen the position of our foreign competitors who were paying about half the wages current in British ships. It had brought asscredit on the good faith of British seamen. It had inflicted a blow at trade unionism and the principle of collective bargaining, Land it had also entailed much incon venience and loss to producers, importer and exporters.
THE ECLIPSE.
AMERICAN ASTRONOMERS ON THEIR OBSERVATIONS.
GOOD CONDITIONS AND SATIS
FACTORY RESULTS, ...
The Harvard and Swarthmore College astronomical expeditions, which observed tho total relipse at Bencoolen on January 14th, arrived at Singapore last week, and Dr. J. A. Miller, head of the Swarthmore party, was cautious but optimistic as to the scientific results obtained when interviewed by a Straits Times representative.
RICH FINDS IN MONGOLIA.
RUSSIAN EXPEDITION:
MAKES FIRST TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY.
BETTER TRADE IN SIGHT.
VALUE OF A SPIRIT OF OPTIMISM.
PROMISE OF 1028,
for the
Moscow January 13th A reasonable optimism " The Mongolian expedition of the future of shipping and of world-trade is Academy of Sciences, hedder by Prof. expressed by many experts who contri supplement to Colinoy, has for the first time made abute their views to topographic surver and a map of the Lloyd's List and Shipping Gazette.
Colonel the Hon. Vernon Willey,-pre- mountainous part of Central Mongolia up the river Djargadant. Excellent meadows aident of the Federation of British Indus. of Alpine type have been discovered in tries, says: "Admittedly, the coal, iron, Combustibla steel, and shipbuilding trades, are still. slate, jaspers of all colours, and gypsum in a very depressed state, but though the this unpopulated district. (plaster of Faris) have also been dis-future may not wholly be rosy, it cer
tainly holds many grounds for *" reason=" covered.
At the request of the Mongolian Cievable amount of optimism. Nor abould ernment, the expedition has investigated it be forgotten that in trade, as in avery During the last twenty days or so the the source of the river Horu-He's vast other form of activity, the psychological little town of Bencoolen, on the west areas of shifting sands, has discovered the actor is an important one.
Given the spirit of optimism, much coast of Sumatra, has been the venue of cause of their formation, and has 38 can be done, sad, as I have said before. gested to the Mongolian Government measures to cope with them.
pessimism is not only useless, but del initely harmful."
RINGWORMS ON CHILD'S HEAD
a very distinguished scientific gathering which was notable for its international The expedition has also investigated the Tuham-Hor lake of several square
Colonel Willey concludes, "The future: character. The Swarthmore and Har-kilometres. This lake is famous by the is in our hands. We start the year 1998 yard expeditions numbered el-ren and nearly total absence of water. It is en- with many difficulties still to be over. four members respectively, the Dutch tirely covered by natrium sulphuricum, come, but with a knowledge that the German expedition, seven, the British which is of industrial value.
position is improving god that many of The expedition has made a report on the most serious obstacles are behind us. party six, and in addition there was one Australian astronomer and Captain Harits work for the Mongolian Government Industry and trade need but the spirit ris, an American photographer who has and presented a part of the collected of good will to carry them through to specialised in astronomical work in mov- "pecimens to the Mongolian Museum. success." ing pictures. All these astronomers met About 20 poods of rocks, 15 poods of sail around the same table in the Ben-sample, 10 cases of soil monoliths (ver coolen Hotel every day, and the Dutch tical cuttings of the soil) and over 3000 authorities lent & pretty touch. to the specimens of plants have been brought to international amenities by placing old
Leningrad. Fort Marlborough, which was built by the British when they occupied Ben coolen, at the disposal of the British party Incidentally, one of the leading British scientists was present, in the person of Professor F W. Aston, of the Nobel Prize for physics two years FIRST CHINESE TO BE A MINISTER Cambridge University, who was awarded ago. A party from the naval obser vatory of Washington, D. C., was also located some distance away, and there Mr. Li Ah Yain, who has been appoint. was another Dutch expedition just outed a Minister of the Government of side Palembang, but the latter had very Burma, is, as his name indicates, of the bad luck, the sky being so cloudy at the Chinese race, although born in Rangoon critical time that they obtained practi cally no results,
SCIENTIFIC RESULT OBTAINED.
In a reference to the results obtained-
by the expedition, Dr. Miller said, in
a rough way we can look at our photo graphic plates when we get them, but exactly what the results are nobody can" tell until those plates have beer studied carefully and for a long time. This much can be said that we took a great variety of pictures with cameras of diferent focal lengths, ranging rom 63 fest to two feet. Each of those pictures had a special purpose, and so far as we can tell from casual observations of the plates we have got what we hoped to get on those pictures."
The Academy is planning 9, more ex- penditions in 1996 to various regions of
Mongolia.-Taxs.
MR: AH YAIN.
IN INDIA.
He is the first man of Chinese descent to act nga Minister in the Indian Em pire, and his success is due to his abili ties, as much as to his moderation in
public life. Called to the Bar by the
Middle Temple in 1897, he has practised at the Rangoon Bar with marked auc-
C(39.
Mr. Ah Yain, whose name means “ Mr. Plum, Friend of Learning," has been a member of the Burma Legislative Coun cil since 1920, and has shared the leader Party. He speaks English fluently. ship of the Progressive, pr Independent,
At official gatherings be wears Chinese official dress of the old *mandarin " type, but usually appears in European dress.
TOKYO-PARIS BY RAIL.
The Ussuri Railway Traffic Office bas issued the following information regard- ing the Tokyo-Paris railway service:-
The weather conditions were very good; much better than we expected. was not absolutely clear, there being just a thin haze during the period of totality; but it does not seem to have affected our pictures at all." Dr. Miller added that although the eclipse lasted two and a Une of the leading decisions of the in half hours the period of totality, lasting ternational railway conference at Mos three minutes and ten seconds in this cow of December last, was the arrange- case, was the only period of the eclipsement of through passages between Tokyo
That and Paris.. that interested the astronomer.
is the only time when we can hope to find out things, that we cannot get a any other time." he said.
• PROBLEMS OF THE CORONA”
cara
The route, Vladivostok-Tsuruga, with reference to through passages will be served, as agreed at the conference, by Soviet mercantile steamers.
The practical Fealization of the project of a Paris-Tokyo through passage begins about the middle of May.
It was named direct European-Asiatic, passenger-luggage passage via Siberia. The passage will be without changing
Ronts -Paris-Berlin, Hemnitz, Eidicun The two problems on which the Swarthen, Verzbolovo Kaunas, Tonishiki-Mel- more expedition concentrated related to telch, Piga-Indra, Latviach-Moscow- the corona and the Einstein theory Ex-Viatka, Perm-Sverdlovsk. Chita Haba plaining the problems of the corona Dovik, Vladivostok. Vladivostok to Miller said, We want to know how i Tsuruga by sea and then to Tokyo. in distributed around the solar surface, and we want to know its composition whether it is gaseous or made up of solid particles Theoretically, we want to know how it happens to be there. The sun is an ordinary star, and if we could tell how the cozona got there we would know more about the way in which stars. are formed. We know this much about" TROPICAL RAINFALL.
the structure of the corona. It is made THE REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION. up of very finely divided self-luminous. solid particice, and in addition there are Not only the average annual rainfall a lot of particles that are not luminous, and there are some gases. Every metal but the variations are to be taken into that has been found on the earth has account in considering the fitness of been found on the sun, but there is one tropical lands for development, Irre-metal-which has been called coromium- gularity in the water supply may great that has never been found ou the earth ly lessen productivity, S. S. Visher We used to think, that this was pro points out in the Geographical Reviewbably a new metal, but in the last few that in the tropics the regional die years, we have come to the conclusion that it is form of metal which we tribution ranges from 400 inches a year know, but which is under conditions as maximum to next to nothing in. arii different from any we have been able to deserts, and that in many sections the reproduce on the earth. Various ques local variations are very marked. In ons arise as to the motions of the par- the Hawaiian
The rainfall ticks in the coroan, thd these we can changes within a few miles from only try to answer at the time of an inches to 90 inches. There are also great calipse, There are two schools of seasonal variations, and not only do thought; one helds that the sun is losing some places have a we season and a dry some of its mass, and. the other that it season but others may have two wet and is rather collecting than lesing mass two dry seasons. An instanes of remark- If we could show that the material of able variation is found at-Harvey Creek, these streamers in the corons is going Australia, where the total yearly rain out, never to return, it would strengthen tall is 166 inches, while only 15 inches the former theory. In fact, the question of this occurs from June to October. It has already been answered provisionally,
islands
If those stars have not changed "their. places at all in the meantime the Ein- stein Theory is apt izne; if they have changed their places it does not follow that the Einstein Theory is necessarily true, but it shows that there is something there to cause that difference in their places." Dr. Miler added that the Ein- stein Theory had been checked at two previous eclipses, the first occasion being at the Royal Observatory in England in 1920, and each time the results had favoured the theory."
7
As for the other expeditions at Ten- coolen, Dr. Miller said he thought that they had all got what they set out to get. "In no eclipse can you hope to get a szt of sensational resulte he remarked. "All you do is to add a little knowledge to what you had before. But the con- ditions on this occasion were good, the solar surface was pretty active, and it ought to be fairly significant cclips.
Both American expéditions left by the 'resident Polk, and it is probable that some of their members will be back again in 1929, when there will be another, eclipse in Sumatra, the belt of totality on that occasion passing through Medan.
The largest camera used by the Bwarth-| 63 feet, giving a picture of the sun nearly more expedition had a focal length of eight inches in diameter, and in addition to the Einstein camera, six smaller.
is estimated that between 20 deg. north but we are doing the work all over latitude and 30 deg. south latitude tho | again,'” / area having a monthly variability of THE EINSTEIN THEORY. more than 20 per cent; is three times theThe other problem that we attacked aimilar area in middle latitades. Turn- ing to populous centres, it is found that in our camp was a test of the Einstein Theory, and for that purpose we took in seven out of 23 cities in middle four photographs with a special instru cameras of focal lengthe ranging from Latitudes the precipitation for the wettert your is less than twicz that of the ment called on Einstein camera of 18 feet 30 inches to 11 fect were used, together driest, while for eight it was just focal length. Those plates may be much with three spectographs, interferometers, Over twice. Four cities near the border of better or much worse than they seem and other instruments. the low and middle latitudes-Hobartow when we study them properly, but The Swarthmore party were, at Bon- Buenos Aires, Rome and San Francisco at present I can tay that they seem satis coolen from November 13th to January have four times the rainfan in the factory. It will require four or five 19th, and Dr. Miller spoke with war maximum as in the minimum year. In months elady to tell what the results of
sideration which the Dutch authorities low latitudes, out of 14-titles with an our test of the Einstein Thoory.nre, but appreciation of the courtesy and con- we have left the Einstein camera is extended to all the expeditions. The Lycrage of 30 inches or more, only Calcatta and Caracas have a maximum Bencoolen, and we shall come back in
thombors were received as guceta by: the of only 2 times the minimum, and in reason for that is that when we took every possible facility was extended to June to take more photography The Dutch community in Bencoolen, and Fortaleza, Brazil, the maximuin is a times the minimum. If the average rain these pictures the sun was in a certain them. They leave for America, not only fall of 20 inches is taken, the fluctuation field of stars. We shall wait until the with scientifs, results which promise to is oven greater, varying from 6 times un has moved on, and then shall be of great interest and importance, but for Cairo, 17 times for Onslow, West photograph that field of stare again. with very pleasant memories of the sociál
kide of their stay in Sumatra (Continued on next (olumn),
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