HONGKONG VOLUNTEER DEFENCE CORPS.
[ORDERS BY LIEUT-COL L.G. BIRD, D.8.0.
ADMINISTRATIVE COMMANDANT. ]
No. 207.
FIELD DAY.
Sunday, 10th January, 1998; The Field Day on Sunday, 10th January, will be held between Taipo
THE HONGKONG
PSYCHOLOGY IN INDUSTRY.
MR. BALDWIN ON RELIEF OF MONOTONY.
THE HUMAN FACTOR.
DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JANDABY 8TH, 1926
CHANGES IN INDUSTRY.
It is quite true that the changes which accompanied the industrial revolution have been far more costly in huthan life and human wear and tea than they
THE KURAT FACTOR.
The Prime Minister was the principal would have been had our ancestors been mechanical invention. The first attempts
logy London.
The human factor in industry was the most important factor. It was quite true that the human factor had no opportu nity of showing what it could do in pro- duction and general prosperity unless it were supported by scientific research and speaker at a dinner given recently by the as wise as we sometimes think that we to deal with the human factor in this But these growth of manufacturing capacity was qurselves are. (Laughter.) National Institute of Industrial Psycho--
directed, as in the Factory Acts, to pro- depressing features of the industrial re-viding deferass against physical dangers at the Trocadero Restaurant,
The Institute was established volution, whatever they have brought in and dangers to health. That was a reces Market and Fanling. Any members who four years ago as a scientific association their train inside the workshops, have sary stage, required by every motive of enlightened humanity. But it did not cover the whole ground. Every labourer, have failed to attend the preceding Field to study the human factor in industry had a tendency to bring in their train out- Days are reminded that this will be their and, commerce and to apply the results side the workshops one very bad thing whether in the exercise of intellect or of physical strength-the scientist, the poet, the artist, and the operative-took an
so delightful to paint pictures that an interest in his work. Indeed an artist friend of his took the view that it was extra tax should be imposed for the privi legt ef using paint, brush, and canvas. tion had not this delight. There were fow (Laughter.) But every form of occupa occupations that had not their moments of tedium and anxiety, Yet this would be a most unhappy world if it were not a working world." (Cheers,)
last opportunity for making themselves trient on the count of attendance at Field Days.
Rendezvous. Kowloon Station at 9 a.. Return by 3 p.m. train from FRO- Jing.
Dress form, helmet, khaki jacket, sivarts, putties, ride, bayonet, belt bages, pouches, haversark and waterbattle.
Arms Will be drawn from Corps Eend- geerters"bu Friday. Sth January, between am and on, or 2 and 4 p.m. ami 6 p.m.. and on Saturday 9th Fuary, between 8 a.m. and i p..
ARTILLERY COMPANY.
The Miniature Range at Corps Head- quarters is at the disposal of the Artil lery Company as 5.30 p.m. on Tuesday, 19th January, 1926, for Musketry Prac.
Dres Mofti.
ZO.
of its investigations in actual practice towards reducing the cost of production and increasing, the contentment of the worker.
and that is a dislike of work for itself, form I am not sure that the ordinary I work can be presented in a palatable
human being does net like it, provided that he gets a reasonable and a rational overwork, underpayment, insecurity, bad amount of play. The real enemies are conditions, (Cheera) Those are the real evils, and it is those evils to the assung- as I understand it is directed, and in |ing of which the work of this Institute,
that we wish more power to their elbow,
We must not exaggerate what is pos- sible. You cannot abolish repetitive work, even in a Socialist State, and, after all the manctony of the workman's life is very mech due to the monotony of the consumer's demand. Man wants the same thing every days somebody has to pro- ride it; the man who has to provide it will have a monotonous task. But I am told that curved movements are prefer able to straight lines (laughter), and there is no doubt of the economic import- ance of rhythm. That is being gradually recognized in industry. I understand, and may do something.
Increased presterity depended on in- creased production. Increased production could only be brought about by the divi sion and sub-division of labour, and as that was often attended by great mons- tony and fatigue, it might with truth be said that fatigue and monotony in labour were the two great enemies we had to deal with to-day in our effort to improve our material condition. He did not know that there was any care for pronotony, but certainly fatigue could be alleviated. It was not a qucation fundamentally between employer and employed. It was a ques tion fundamentally how to devise condi- tions which would tend to provide man kind with what it wanted. Those condi-
Lord Balfour, the president of the Institute, was in the chair. The speakers also included Sir A. Steel-Maitland. Minister of Labour, and on the employers' side Mr. Wy L. Hichens, chairman of Meters. Cammell, Laird and Co. on the industrial side. Mr. J. H. Thomas, M.P.. and on the scientific side. Sir William Hardy, secretary of the Royal Society.
Mr. BALDWIN, proposing the National Institute of Industrial Psychology, said: We are here to-night to celebrate the invasion of the realm of industry by paychology. We have all of us been familiar for many years past with tho study the economists have made of in dustry, and the study that moralists have made in taking into their review the effect on industrial development of the person ality of the individual. But the systema-
THE AFTEAL OF RATTUй. Lic study of industrial society by the paychologist is a matter, I understand, which appeals to human nature--witness There must be something in rhythm of the last three or four years. Certainly the popularity at present of dancing, wit it is something quite new since I had the ness also the effect of the Volga Boat pleasure of being in business. Within the Song" on most of us. It always makes present century there, has been a drastic me want to run along the bank and follow Medical Stories: Must be drawn on the sumptions with which some of us were of the Institute, I am told that the miners overhauling of a great many of the as the barge. (Laughter.) Under the agis Friday preceding, between 10 a.m. and Familiar in our youth, whether the as have been taught to tip coal with great 12 noon, or 2 and p.m., or 5 and 6 p.m.,sumptions were those of the economist, regularity, and have gained happiness, or on Saturday, 9th January, between the moralist, or the psychologist Psycho I am told, by increasing their output. atm, and op.m., and must be returned logy has become experimental in dealing (Laughter.) That, I think, happens to be to Headquarters not later than the Tues- not only with the individual, but with the a new field, and I am thinking seriously day following the Field Day.
individual in the group, in the mass, or of asking Mr. Cook to bring in what Mr. in association, and the results of this Thomas knows so well, that Welsh gift change in the lines of investigation and of music, to help their work and set his cord. in the investigation itself are now jamen marching, through the pits to the beginning to penetrate our cconomie tunes of The. Men of Harlech" and thinking.
"The Rising of the Lark, and to give us an output that will defy foreign competi- tion. (Laughter.)
MEDICAL: SECTION. Duties Pie. B. Jordan is detailed as Medien Orderly on duty for the Field Day Sunday, 10th January, 1998 and will parade at Kowloon Railway Station
at 9 amen that date.
Haversack containing First Aid -re- quirements and Waterbottle will be car ried.
RESERVE COMPANY, Musketry Course, Part I. Part I. Musketry Course will be fired at. Stonecutters Range on Sunday, 10th
nd 17th January, 15.
Range Offer: Lieut. G. K. Hall Brutton. **Launch will have Murray Pier at 9 a.m.
and call at Kowloon Pier at 9.10 a.m.
Dress: Uniform optional, bur rides; Baroneis and pouches must be taken.
Arms: Will be drawn from Corps Head- quarters on Friday, 5th January, between 10a.m. and 12 noon, or 2 and 4 p.m., or
and p.m., and on Saturday, 9th Jangary between sim. and i p.m.
LEAVE.
No. 610 Pte. N. Evans, Reserve Com pany, is granted nine months' leave from 6th February, 1926, to 3th November, No. 26 Pte. J. L. Mel'herson, Reserve "Company, is granted three weeks leave from 6th January, 1980, to 26th January,
1920.
1926.
STRUCK OFF.
No. 474 Pte, H. H. Tayler (deceased), Reserve Company, is struck of the strength, as from 10th December, 1523.
E. D. JOLL, Captain,
Adjutant, H.K.V.D.C. Hongkongth January, 1926.
TAX-FREE WHISKY. - FOREIGNER WHO DOES NOT PAY,
MILLIONS WAITING TO BE COLLECTED.
As the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Winston Churchill, is searching for new sources of revenue, to avoid an'in- rease of direct taxation in next year's
Budget, surprise is expressed in political circles, says the Daily Mail, that he should not have tarned his attention to the large quantities of spirits which are exported from this country duty-free, while the home consumer is forced to pay a heavy excise duty on spirits.
Particular attention is directed to the fact that while the exports "to most countries are classified in the Board of Trade returns, no less than 2,155,012 proof gallons has gone to other coun- tries in the ten months ended October Undoubtedly the chief importer in this category is the United States, where, by reason of prohibition, this importation is not recognised.
21st,
The inhabitants of Great Britain are
"But, seriously, the whole of this work on these lines. anything that can cause a man or woman, boy or girl, with a heavy that job with as great, or with greater cr monotonous job, to find ways of doing ficiency and with less strain, more com- for, more happiness--it solutions can be found along these lines, you will add more efficiency and human happiness than we perhaps to a combination of human politicians can hope to do by anything that lies within our power. (Cheers.)
SCIENCE AND ADMINISTRATION. The institution to celebrate which we are assembled here to-night is a striking example of this change, and it has bad from the start the active support of "two men, whom I am proud to think I may call friends of mine in public life, who have done more than most to interpret and adjust the relations of science and administration-I mean your chairman, Lord Balfour, and
Lord Haldano (Chcers.) The Institute has also enlisted the support and, I believe, the sympathy of employers and employed. There also exists interesting and harmonious rela: working. You are also paying attention There is another line on which you are Itions between this voluntary body and
one that has been set up by the Govern- to the boys and girls who are leaving ment of this country--the Industrial school in finding suitable occupations Fatigue Research Board, which works, according to their fitness. This is a mat- believe, as a branch of the Medicaler of tremendous importance and involves Research Council. Roughly speaking, the Industrial Fatigue Board initiate work and undertake experiments which are likely to have fruitful results of general interest, but their experiments are un- remunerative in themselves. and they work chiefly and definitely on the physio- logical tide. Your Institute spends pri- vate money and it obtains support from many of those who in one way or another have been benefited by the results of your investigations, but you are undoubt- edly attracting to the work of the In- stitute the interest of all in the solutions you have fouid and will find.
WORK OF THE INSTITUTE.
I think that the Institute, so far as I haye been able to learn, is surveying that vast realm covered by the operation of. the Factory Acts and is striving to in- troduce into that realm improvements not improvements that require legislation, but improvements in mental and bodily conditions of work which are within the power of masters and men to arrange for themselves and bring into being and put into execution. A study of such things as lighting and heating and ventilation, the movements of the body, the cultivation of interest and the avoidance of fatigue, occupational guidance-in other words, study of the whole human factor in rela tion to the machine and the job this is the special feld, as I understand it, of industrial psychologists.
(Laughter.)
the equality of opportunity. But I ex practically what so many of us talk about pect even this institute has got a good deal to learn in that direction. One's Arst inclination is to smile at the idea aptitude. I should be extraordinarily of testing intelligence and vocational sorry at my age to have either of those things tested by anyone. We must not expect from this Institute infallible results; I shall watch the results with extraordinary interest, not only be- cause I believe you may do a great work among the young people, but I see an infinitely lighter task before my successor when he is able to apply the tests of this Institute to candidates for the Cabinet. (Laughter.)
TESTS FOR CABINET BANK.
of
paying a tax of 89. bid. per batile on met, not unnaturally, with the resistance toast, said that, as one engaged daily in
wage slaves"
of the paychologist to test the suitability If we can only draw on the resources of candidates for Cabinet rank, in initia- tive, in self-control, under criticism, in intuitive insight into what Lancashire is going to say to-morrow, and when trade would be. (Laughter.) And if we could is going to revive, how much easier "it only test also their physical qualifications for all-night sittings, and how long they can speak without boring an audience, then indeed, Mr. Myers, you will rise up and we shall call you blessed. (Renewed laughter.) I could suggest some names be most admirably qualified to conduct even among those here to-night who would
such investigations as I have endeavour- with the League of Nations it has two with giving you now Success to the Your movement has this in commoned to dearing, but I will satisfy myself principal obstacles to encounter: the pre- Institute
Industrial Psychology." judice of the people who think it can do
(Üheers.) nothing, and the support of the people who think it can do everything. (Laugh-
SPEECH BY MR. J. H. THOMAS. ter and cheers.) In the first place, it
Mr. J. H. THOMAS, who supported thes name, it was another capitalist dodge to of those who thought that, in spite of its the tremendous turmoil of differences be rivet the chains of the
tween capital and labour, he believed the I think it is now clear, not only to more firmly than ever before. (Laughter.). essential thing, was to try, if possible, to establish more confidence between both sides. Unless there was mutual con leaders among employers and to leaders fidence-recognition of respect, and con among the men, but to many of the menfidence for each other-no good could themselves, that in this Institute, work- ing in the spirit in which it does now, arise. (Cheers.) Therefore, that Institute they have a real friend. (Hear, hear.) presented many opportunities to try to What do they do. They want to provide remove the suspicion that unfortunately that necessary operations in production
existed to-day. shall be carried out in the most natural LORD, BALFOUR'S REPLY. way. The fundamental question is how to make the most of the individual, with The CHAIRMAN, replying to the toast, all his idiosyncrasies, in his work. If you said the evils of what was called the ins consider, the matter in the realm of sport dustrial revolution were familiar to all there seems really much less to wonder historians He believed that, human at in the work of the Institute than if nature being what it was, those evils you regard it is the realms in which they could hardly have been avoided, in face now working. Consider what is of the invention of productive machinery. meant by training for a boat race. He also believed that it was fortunate means nothing more or less than a true for mankind that the industrial revolu co-operation of effort-rhythmic move- tion began in this country, for whatever ment, distribution of energy in the pro- country by capitalists, législators, and the mistakes that had been made in this .... per place and at the right time; the
minimum of fatigue, and the elimination workers, the revolution would not have of wasted effort. That is all (Cheers.) been so little harmful, or attended with And there you have, I think, a very, sug. such blessings, in any other country of gestive parallel with industry.
-the world." (Cheers.)
home produced spirits 30 per cent. under proof. The yield of this tax last year was approximately £45,000,000.
The country is exporting spirits, duty free, at the following rate;
Proof Gallons.
7,223,818 6,534,492 .......0,137,000
1923
1924-
1925 (10 mos.) Taking the ten months of 1925 as a basis of calculation, an export duty equivalent to the excise duty would yield more than £26,500,000.
It is suggested that a new tax could hardly be imposed at so high rate without injury to British trade. The home consumption of spirita is falling, and British distrillers might set up dis' tilleries abroad to avoid the tax.
That there might be difficulties in tax- ing spirits sent to the Dominions, where an import duty might raise the price unduly, is recognised, but it is thought that these difficulties would not be in superable.
At any rate, a large and hitherto un- tapped source of taxation would yield revenue which would be paid ultimately by the foreign consumer.
are
our as little irritating and wearisome tions were best provided by making society. But it was not the only sphere as possible. That was the object of their of the society's investigations. The so ciety had developed a system by which in many cases the mistake of taking up (Cheers.) unsuitable avocations could be avoided.
LAND £2,595 A FOOT.
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