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THE BRITISH ARMY IN 1925,
LESSONS OF THE MANOEUVRES.
ABOVE, 1914 STÅNDARD.
It will be some time yet before the Chief of the Imperial General Staff can present the report -on the "Army Maneuvres to the Secretary of State for War. Meanwhile a Military Cor- respondent, who watched the Army training exercises both in 1924 and 1893, indicates some of the valuable lessons which have been learnt, in the article which follows.
י|
without some reference to the facilities offered by lorries for increasing the spred Battle, and for saving the strength of of movements off the field of actual
thermen until needed for some supreme affort.
** 'BUS-COLUMN" MOVEMENTS.
meo Can never
"
The 3rd Division has now specialized for two years in practising these “'bus- column" movements, last year by battu- lion, this year by whale brigades. The 18th Brigade carried out some very good night work of this nature in an exercise against the Cavalry Division. New lessons are learned every time such move- ments are attempted, the chief one being (BY A MILITARY CORRESPONDENT]
the need for forethought, mastery of detail, and practice. A point that emer For two years in succession it has been ges, very clearly is the great increase in my privilege to watch, in most favourke weight of impediments (machine able circumstances, the training of prac guns, light automatics, heavy supplies of tically, the whole of our Expeditionary ammunition, and so forth) for which in Force of Regular, troops and 'of a con- siderable proportion of our Territorial The reflection occurs to one that whi
fantry require cross-country transport. Army.. I have seen the various units
be mechanicalized," under different conditions in barracks, in mules and horses can. It is a question of training camps. in bivouae, and on she expense rather than of design, great pro- march. both in fine and in very foul won-
gress having been made in derising suit- ther
able forms of motor-driven cross-country Last year I wrote that, apart from Vehicles. The need for a mové in the questions of armament, equipment, gr- | direction of mechanicalized first-line ganization, and the soundness of train transport for infantry is indicated. ing, the general impression left upon. Before developing further the subject my mind was one of clean-living vigorous of motor transport I interpose a note on youth, in the pink of condition, striving the drivers of the lorries, many of them to reach the standard of those wonderful civilians, during the bus-column move- Old Contemptibles who slipped quietly menta to which bare referred. Their away to the seaports before the conclu-work by day and by night was most sion of the training senson of 1914. Now strenuous, and they displayed both skill after sering all the Expeditionary Force and great endurance. put to the test of divisional training without lights was very trying.
Night driving followed immediately by the ordeal of manguvres held in the worst weather This leads me to the general question which I can remember is the month of of motor transport. We all know that a September, I have no hesitation in" ex-
horse or a mule can pull a fur heavior pressing my opinion that the standard
load, than he can carry, and to some of 1914 has been passed in 1925. In sup-
extent the same, principle must apply port of that opinion I can quote the high
to motor vehicles. We have not yet authority of Lord Haig, who held Alder standardized them, and further experi shot Command in 1924 and commanded meata will doubtless be needed before wo the Corps (1st and 2nd Divisions) in
can do so. The "Hathf'' tractor has the Retreat from Mons. We must, how. already been described with an illustra
The tractors are ever, bear in mind that the Units obtion in The Times. served this year were at peace strength. at present allotted to "the .T. mobile No account has been taken of the repair anita under the officers command efficiency and strength of the reserves, ing the R.A.S.C. with the 1st and 2nd which form so large a proportion of our Divisions. Cavalry Brigade Train, and Army when mobilized for service. In Corps Troops M.T. company. The latest that respect the present-day Expedi-experiment in traction is with an nati- tionary Force is not yet up to the 1914 aircraftguntrailer. Twenty miles an hour standard, although its strength has been is locked upon as a reasonable speed for reduced approximately by one-third. this, with a spurting speed of 30 miles Let us hope that the measures recently an hour. Of their similar developments adopted for improving the situation, as we can take note of new general service explained to the House of Commons in lorry trailers with the divisional trains debates on the Estimates, will bear fruit of the 1st, 2nd, and 4th Divisions; in due course. Meanwhile we must take petrol. trailers with the Tank battalions, note of this werk spot in our military 9th (Mechanicalized) Field, and 1st (Mechanicalized) Medium Brigada R.A., position..
and Corps Troops experimental vehicle, IMPROVED TERRITORIALS.
the six-wheel Renaul. It is in these Behind the Expeditionary Force of directions that experiments are being cou- 1914 we had a Territorial Force of which ducted by the R.A.S.C. authorities, who- the members were liable only for home are now charged, in addition to their service. Now we have a vastly improved work with the Train of baggage and Territorial Army accepting, as a whole, supply, with transport of all natures of the obligation to serve abrotin grave gan and small-arm ainmunition, motor The establishmeal of the repair units, and suxiliary horse trans- Territorial Force by Lord Haldane üzder part companies The work done general- Liberal régime followed, within a yearly by the R.A.SC. in supply and trans- two, an announcement by Lord port arrangements for the recent little Balfour, as Prime Minister of a Unionist war" is too vast a subject for so short Government, that India, ander certain an article. During the training and specified conditions, might requiro reio- manoeuvres I found so much to observe forcements amounting to nine divi and report on near the front line that it gions. but that the -Dged
would was not posib to do justice to the.
emergency
or
33
but. materialize in full for a strenuous and an stritcise work of the period of 18 months from the date services in rear, which consequently in- of mobilization. At that time the Ger-crease in importance with the increase in man peril had not arisen. The de weights to be moved as new weapons fance of India was looked upon as our are introduced end. ammunition 15 principal Army problem. These points expended on a scale undreamt of by the are recalled here on account of their bear-old Army. I must leave this subject with ing upon the statement, mach criticized this brief tribute..
at the time, that the old Territorial To tactics in general I have referred Fores would require six months' training in previous articles, as I have to the work before being it to take the field. We of the Armoured Cars, the Tanks, the have no equally authoritative statement Cavalry, the Artillery (feld, medium, about the period which must elapse bo- and pack), the Engineers, to the Signals, fore the new Territorial Army, can be and to our wonderful infantry. Also to ready. I have taken the opinions on the RAF. I have one point to add, this point of several General ofcera who illustrating the success attained in con- know Territorials well. Their opinions ceafment on the field of battle. To prove differ, as might be expected, on account that. I peed tell only one atory-of a of divergences between various focalities visitor who complained of bring unable and classes of the population, bat my in- to see any troops during one of the days quiries have led me to the conclusion that of divisional training, although he was four months would be a safe average told that he was in the midst of a battle. apon which to base our military policy, Did he come to see the Battle of Agio- provided that the numbers can be made co rt" was the comment of a divisional up by war-trained veterana, One Ter-General on that complaint. ritorial brigade, the lend (East Mid In conclusion, as a comment apon cer- land), took part in the manœuvres and requires special reference,
tain adverse criticisms about the utility of the manœuvres, I give the opinion of one of the best battalion commanders of my acquaintance. This C.O.'s com- ment is that whatever aninformed critics may think, he himself found out more during Army Manoeuvres about things that wanted seeing to in his battalion than he did at any other time during his experiences.-The Times,
BURDENS ON INDUSTRY..
LONDON, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ACTION.
As for reeent progress in the training and equipment of the Army, one of the points which stand out most conspicuouis ly. is the good march discipline one of the best tests of eficiency which peace experience can afford.
There is little wrong with infantry when whole brigades can cover 40 miles in 27 hours, and | battalions even greater distances by road and ncross country, and keep up their marching averages.under the most ad verse weather, conditions. We must beai. in mind in this connection the large pro- portion of young soldiers in the ranks Owing to our drafting system" and the dates of the oversea trooping programme a very large percentage of the men whe had been through company training had. left their battalions before the mances. vres, their places being filled by recruits. Infantry brigade commanders whom That this Council; recognising that, have consulted consider, these youths the present burdens imposed upon in-
wonderful."Falling out on the line dustry by the Imperial and local authori of march is looked upon by them as a disties are important factors in the cost of grace. Some of the pack batteries R.A production, and being concerned at the hold still higher marching records, both steadily diminishing ability of this in distance, and in speed. I have already country to compete in the markets of reporteil upon one of these (tos 4th Pack the world, and the consequent unemploy Battery), which I accompanied forment, supports the action et the Asso abort distance on their march of-52 miles ciation of British Chambers of Commerce between 7a.m. on September 17th and the in making the Government to receive n afternoon of September 18th. I timed deputation to urge the inauguration of their rate of marching at well over four national economy campaign, and ra miles an hour. I make a point of accen-
Commerce, at their meeting of Thurs The Council of the London Chiyaber of day, unanimously adopted the following resolution :
thating these "marching records as they solves to appoint delegates thereon. The represent physical effort inspired by Council. feels, strongly that if the vicious keenness and reprit de corps common bath circle of high rates and conséquent un- to peace and to war conditions, whereas employment, necessitating still higher it is not possible to simulate in pence rates, is to be broken, members of the training any approximation to the strain Chamber must take a more active part and environment of actual fighting. The than in the post in local affairs, both as subject of ipfantry and pack artillery regards the education of public opinion movements would, however, be incomplete and the exercise of their franchise.".
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