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WAR AGAINST CANCER. STARTLING DISCOVERIES BY BRITISH DOCTORS.
HOW I SAW MUSSOLINI. THE BIRTH OF A NATIONAL TYPE.
(BY BECELER WILLSON.] A subject that bulks largely in the
One of my reasons for visiting Italy columns of the Home newspapers at the present time deals with recent remarkable was to see Mussolini. I have been imply discoveries made by Dr. W. E. Gye and rewarded. The frontier had only just Mr. J. E. Barnard at the National In- been reachd when he entered the train, stitute for Medical Research at Mill Hill, that youthful, upright, middle-sized, at St. broad-shouldered figure, with the pro- and by Dr. Mervyn Gordon
minent, clean-chaven chin, the piercing I Bartholomew's Hospital.
dark eyes, the broad, bald forehend. knew him at a glance in spite of his sur- prising youth the Duce, the alert and sleepless leader of the Giovanezza,
The researches of Dr. Gye, which have been very materially sided by the special ultra-microscopic work of M Barnard, have been concerned with the scourge off cancer, and while it must be emphasised that a cure for this terrible disease is not yet in sight, it is believed that a possible preventive of it may result from Dr. Gye's labours. Mico inoculated with a cancer virus vaccine have been rendered immune from the complaint.
Dr. Gordon's discoveries have regard to small-pox and cow-pox germa. It is believed that an announcement will be made short- ly of the discovery of the all-pox bacillus, which may render possible the use of vaccine from the germ itself, in stead of the present calf, lymph.
INTEREST IN AMERICA. The discoveries of Dr. Gye and Mr. J. E. Barnard are given wide prominence in the American newspapers, many of which publish leading articles paying tributes to the British scientists.
A. Soper, director of the Dr. G. American Society for the Control of Can cer, sailed in the Fetiam last month to investigate Dr. Gye's and Mr. Barnard's results. Dr. W. B. Coley, whose theory in regard to cancer has apparently been proved by the British sicentists, stated that the isolation of the cancer germ should result in greater control of the disease. It does not, however, necessarily toreshadow an early cure.
raised my hat-he raised his, which is how I saw that his baldness' was less than I had supposed. He had two com panions with him, doubtless his brothers, for the resemblance was striking.
Before we reached Turin I was astonish ed to see Signor Mussolini enter the train again-not once, bat several times. There could be no mistaking his identity and yet there were several of him-young men with heavy, clean-shaven jawa, and bald foreheads, wearing dapper English clothing, including light-coloured spats,
At Milan the Fascist leader became positively ubiquitous. He sat in front of the cafés or strolled about the Galeria Vittore Emanuel-twenty, a hundred, a thousand of him, all Mussolinis, young men, with piercing dark eyes, clean- shaven, heavy chins, and spats-always spats-end. wonder of wonders. always
bald.
I could understand the bright, alert yra, the clean-shaven chias, had the broad-shoulderedness, the prognathism, pats, but I confess the baldness, the puzzled me,
It puzzled me "until I recall the 1:ffect of miraculous physiological national hero or heroine worship: how the example of the youthful Queen Victoria crowded English. society with Dr. Coley added: "The finding of the berculosis germ did not result in the plump, tiny women; how the change! aspect of the American male latek from discovery of an immediate cure, but Rocavelt; how the stature of the Bel- did lower the mortality rate by 30 vergians has noticeably increased under the
eent.
PROOF BY SERUM.
It is, of course, additional confirmation of the Ending of a bacillus if a' vaccine prepared from a suspected virus reacts on recognised lines when injected into an organism. The first thing a bacteriologist does it he thinks he has isolated a germ is to make a seruar to test the value of his experiments. This is done by boiling the germ, 'which is killed, in the process, and the success of the vaccination is-prov ed when the organism subsequently shows its ability to withstand inoculation by the In other words, the vaccine has raised its standard of resistance.
germ.
|
six-foot-six King Albert.
So to-day the traveller coming to Italy.to me Mussolini will be amply re warded. He may be seen everywhere. Even the Italian babies thrust out their plump little chins and their right arms in the antique Roman fashion and babble Giovanezia.
And they, too, are wonderfully bright- eyed-and bald i
HEAT AT HOME.
After the bottest day in the year Green wich Observatory registered 89 and Man- chester 90 degrees in the shade. A series It is with cancer vaccine that experi of phenomenal electrical storms broke out ments on small animals will be made by in the south of England on, the night of experts throughout the world during the July 22nd. Huge hailstones amashed next twelve months. Later it may be hundreds of windows and skylights which possible-bas a note of extreme cantion also cut and bruised many people. The must be sounded-to try it on the human lightning was responsible for several fires hody. Whether there will be any and award of one of the chief of the volunteers in the cause of suffering infectious hospitals in London was gutted. humanity remains to be seen, but the hat there were no casualties. A whirl- chances are that they will be forthcom-wind on Ships Hill, Kent, tore through ing when required, as vaccination with the orchards and crashed a tree on the dead germ is, of course, not attended with main road where it fell and "killed a the dire results attended by the inocula- tion of the deadly living bacillus,
Perhaps few will care to continue the experiment to the point of proving that subsequent inoculation of the virus pro- duces no ill-effects. If not, the progress through life and the eventual cause of death of the vaccinated will at any rate afford excellent data.
VACCINATION FOR CANCER. Many years may pass before the Legis- lature provides for vaccination against, cancer of every newly-born child; but it
motorist. Torrential rain flooded many areas, though the parched countryside was refreshed and the young seedlings backward in coming out owing to the drought, were washed away in many places. Birmingham registered 48 mil- limetres of rain. It is noteworthy that the London Broadcasting Station was not affected.
an important hearing on the future use of the vaccine.
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The doctor's investigations are closely allied to the discovery in connection with is certain that the latest researches have the cancer virus made by Dr. Gye and Mir.
A preventive of Barnard. brought vaccination as cancer well on to the scientific horizon;
If the virus has been detected, another problem, equally-haffing, confronts the research worker. Whut is the special factor in the, hunan body that breaks down the defences of the normal cell and enables the germ to enter. It may take years to discover, or an inspiration may reveal it in the near future. Without help from something within the walls of the cell the enemy cannot invade the body. This is another line of inquiry which must be successfully tackled before the word "cure," can be mentioned.
The discovery of a cancer bacillus clears up a number of obscure points. Until recently the tumour was regarded as the to be evil factor. Now it is shown Nature's way of trying to fid the body' of the invading germ.
Doctors were puzzled because a huge growth did not kill but a small one did. The answer is that one was not infected with the poison and the other was. Death followed from the rapid spreading of the virus through every part of the body. A parallel instance is afforded by diphtheria, in which the patch on, the throat is small but tremendously virulent, DR. GORDON'S REPORT.
A report by Dr. Gordon is now in the hands of the Medical Research Council, which that body is expected to publish in due course. Dr. Gordon's 'studies have been closely concerned with filterable viruses of cow-pox, at present used by doctors as a vaccine against small-pox. The recent smail-pox epidemic enabled him to make extensive comparisons" be- tween the actual germ of the disease and the vaccine used as a preventive measure, and Dr. Gordon, it is stated, discovered a method of killing the virus, and" by studying its actions in conferring protec tion against infection reached, certain de- finite coclusions which are bound to hav6: (Oontinued on next Oslima),
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