THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS. TUESDAY, AUGUST 18m. 1925.
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THE BOLSHEVIK POLICY IN CANTON.
MR. C. J. B. HELLSTROM'S LECTURE AT THE THEATRE ROYAL,
REDS CONSOLIDATING THEIR POSITION,
A GLOOMY FORECAST.
The crowded attendance at the Theatre Royal last avening to hear Mr. C. J. B. Hellstrom's lecture od Bolshevism in Canton was ampla evidence that feeling in the Colony is running high on this particular subject. There were calls for another public meeting unless the Home Government quickly decides what action shall be taken to put a stop to the boycott, which is doing such injury to all trade intercate-British as well as Chinese, and it was promised that, unless some definite policy was laid. down by the Foreign Ofice within the next week, such a meeting should be held.
Mr. Hellstrom drew a very gloomy picture of the future if the Bolshe Viks are allowed to establish themvolves permanently in Canton, and following Mr. Hellstrom, came Mr. A. MacGowan, a resident of many years standing in Swatow, who gave a short but vivid account of the harm the Bolshevik infuence is doing in that Port. No Chinese dare even speak to a British, subject in Swatow. If he does he is liable to. be beaten and paraded as a prisoner round the town by the strike leaders who are now in undisputed possession of the district. Tranty rights are being openly and fagrantly disregarded everywhere and what the meeting wished to know is when the British Government are going to take steps to enforce respect for them. It is a question which all foreign communities in China are new asking.
Mr. D. G. M. Bernard presided at the meeting, and in addition to the lecturer, there were in the platform the Hon. Mr. P. R. Holyoak, the Hon. Mr. A. O. Lang, the Hos, Mr. C. G. Alabaster, the Hon. Ms." " A. W. Bird. the Hon. Mr. Chow Shou Son, Mr. A. H. Barlow, Mr. J. Owen Hughes and Mr. A. Macgowan, af Swatow.
THE SILK TRADE.
At the conclusion of the paper Mr Holyoak quoted from a letter he had received that morning with regard to the silk trail in Canton. It was a established fact, he said, that the Canton authorities would not permit any cargo to come to Hongkong, which demonstrat-
ed their determination to enforce the anti-British and Japanese boycott to its fullest limit. The silk merhants, there fort, had decided to engage the China Mer- chants steamer Shiu Chau to load ap- proximately 3,000 bales of raw silk and 300 piculs of waste silk, and it was esti- kaated that about 80 per cent. of the silk dealers would embark for Shangbai, thus threatening a tempory transfer of the silk business to Shanghai.
The situation in Canton, he con- tinned, is so critical and the faith in
the present Government so small, that the Chinese are willing to risk any additional
a
heard that the Chinese in Canton have
We hear daily," it began, about received guns from Vladivostock, Can Bolshevism in Canton And many Mr. Hellstrom any what sort of guns they y that the Chinesa will never were We supplied "White" Russians become Bolsheviks as the Chinese are with guns with the British flag on them, not naturally Communistic in their but when Vladivostock was taken by the ideas and for that reason Bolshevism Reds, they walked in with these guns, will not be long lived in China, if it ever
Mr. Hellstrom: I cannot tell you gets a footing.. What I have to coll what these guns are. A vessel arrived] you contradicts this. Bolshevism in its about a month ago with guns and am-form in Russia at present is not Com- munition-about 7,000 to 8,000 rifles, Imanism. It is a sort of state socializm was told, 1,000 rounds of ammunition for with all the means of the production. each, eight machine guna, and two controlled by the Governmtat. batteries, but I cannot guarantee these figures.
DICTATORSHIP BY PROLETARIAT. Col. Robertson: Cannot we do some thing to stop this? Cannot. we make some kind of protest?
"
The Bolsheviks themselves explain the present form of Bolshevism an 'the dictatorship by the Proletariat, in" order The Chairman: I appreciate the point, to prepare the ground for a new ceanomie but this meeting was called simply to system, which eventually will be com hear na address by Mr. Hellstrom on the munism. The dictatorship of the Proto- position in Canton, and I don't think tariat is regarded na prensary becau we can depart from the purpose for the present generation has been brought which the meeting was called.....
up in a world with a Capitalistic system, and this generation will never be able to
Col. Robertson: I think this would have been a good opportunity. The understand communism. The Proletarint people here have heard so much about the only class which is attracted to communistic ideas and that is why they Bolshevism they are rather tired of it.
see the necessity for a dictatorship by Another Question: Where did the the Proletariat to educate the coming Chinese students "get their Bolshevik generation in Communistie ideus.. It ideas from 1.
furt Bulshevism represents the prepara-
FORCE AND TERROR.
Mr. Hellstrom: When the revolu. tory period before the introduction oỊ tion broke out there were in Rus.Coman wviem. sia about 100,000 Chinese in. Labour Corps, etc, and many were taken into the Bolshevik Army, and proved
The Bolshevik method of governing the loyal to their masters. Later many
people is by force and terror, the peoples trained to become agitators having no voice in the Government. Is
were
many
I myself in Canton have met Chinese who could speak Russian. When is ruled by a party which in Russia has a Chinese can speak Russian, and under-millions of people. The strength of Bol- about 300,000 members, controlling 180 stands the Bolshevik doctrine thoroughly shevism is that its ideas are carried out it is natural to suppose he has been in by force and pressed upon the people. Russia some time.
An unknown speaker in the body of the Theatre: Regarding what has been said about barricades" I consider it my duty to state that there have never at any time been barricades on the streets near Shameen, with the exception
If that does not succeed, terrorism is of duck and pig baskets put there to
A CALL. FOR, ACTION,
used and terrorism has been most success_ prevent people or rickshas going into' Sir Henry Pollock: I quite appreciate that a small minority can, by means of ful. The real danger in Bolshevism is fresh cement on new roads. I do not the fact which the Chairman has so clear an excellent organisation, keep a big think that at any time there has been ly pointed out that this meeting was not country under its sway, even if the sign of fighting measures being taken called for the purpose of passing any prople's ideas are different to those of against Shameen by the Chinese. resolutions with regard to action to be the leaders. In Russia the lever usedl by Mr. Hellstrom I have seen those taken by the British Government, but the Bolsheviks was the Russian peasants' baskets, but I understand the obstruc-I think that everybody in Hongkong craving for land. When the peasants tion "was intended to prevent Chinese will be with ma when I say the time for from going into Shameen. It was stated drift bus passed by. (Applause.) i am
were promised the land belonging to the that if they went to Shameen, and were sure we should all be grateful if the behine allies of the Bolsheviks, though big landowners they seized it and thus subsequently cought, they would be liable Committee of the Chamber of Commerce not being Balsheviks themselves or in their to be shot.
would call a meeting at an early date ideas. The peasants in Russia are about action being taken with regard to sugges-lation, so that only a very small part. with a view to definite and specifics per cent of the whole Russian popu- tions to the British Government. On one of the population could actually put up side we have a. triumvirate of Chinesis
the Bolsheviks will attack Shameen?
Another Question: Is it likely that
expense in order to get their holdings, sheviks will attack Shameen, because gentlemen in Canton presided over by the any resistance, against the Bolsheviks.
and, incidentally, themselves away from the City The Red element is determined to do its worse to smash up all trade with Hongkong and their policy of confisca tion and terror is naturally driving out all trade and business interests."
QUESTIONS.
Questions were than invited and a number were asked, Mr. Hellstrom, in cach case, giving a prompt and effective reply to the enquiries.
Hon Mr. Holyoak: I should like to aak Mr. Hellstrom what is happening | with regard to land owned by Chinese capitalists; also, what have been the conditions in Shameen since June 23rd?
Mr. Hellstrom: The Bolsheviks in
Kwangtung have taken the liberty of confiscating the land of the holders and renting it for half the rint previously, paid. They are doing the shine as was down in Russia when the revolution.
Mr. Hellstrom: I don't think the Bal-
they are clever enough to know that would mean war. They want to kill sen slowly by stifling your trade, and they do not want to be defeated in war.
Mr. M. Manuk What remedy would the speaker suggest for the present state
of affairs'!
A 'Voice:
British occupation!
"I will tell you that
Question: Can you say what repre- sentations have been made to the Home Government?
The Chairman:
I think the Home
4
SITUATION IN SWATOW,
:
IN CHINA.
ultimate
Russian General: Borodin. On the other. side we have all the British and Chinese mercantile, shipping and banking, inter- Pin, China a strong national ferling is esta of this Colony. We have a very large growing up among the young Chinese body of Chinese merchants in Canton party, which so far has been undefined leased from the present state of affairs crystallised the Chinese national feeling who would be only too glad to be rein its object, but the Bolsheviks bave
from which they suffer. We have this into disatisfaction with the Treaties and minority in Canton tearing up the the Treaty powers and have also worked Mr. Hellstrom: I leave you to draw treaties under which Canton was made up an artificial anti-foreign feeling conclusions from my speech. I am not an open port for trade. As a resident of which they have used as a shield behind British subject and I cannot tell you long standing in this Colony, who feels which they themselves have worked, not what to do in your own house. (Ap-the great blow British prestige has for China, but for their own purpose plause.)
sustained in this Calony," and not only I find it necessary to mention 'the Prof. Middleton-Smith: "What would here but throughout China and through Third International which links up alk you do if it were your own house, sir? out the whole of Asia.. I,. and am sure the Bolshevik, movements and activities
Mr. Hellstrom:
all those present are with me,, appeak in foreign countries, and you will see to you gentlemen, as the Committee of later its relationship with Canton. The another time."
the Chamber of Commerce to call a "Third International' in Moscow was a public meeting at an early date, so that Committee established at the time when we may lay our views definitely and the Communist workomen from all enun- clearly before the British Government. tries met to discuss the World Revolt-
tion." The Third International' (Applause.)
is occurred. With regard to Shameen it has Government are fully conversant with the son of the Chairman, I must say it was stitution for propagrada in foreign cu Hon. Alr. Holyoak: With the permis. the Soviet Government's unofficial In been cut off entirely from the Chinese, situation out here, but beyond that I definitely pledged that this meeting would tries and also the labourers' organisation. and no European can go into the -City.
| ran say nothing. All supplies are now sent up froin Hong-
not be turned into a political meeting, The Third International's kong but for a week we were without
and we cannot let it be so. We are not chject is a World Revolution through bread, and bad the greatest difficulty in
going to pass any resolutions. As Sir labour to destroy all capitalists through- obtaining potatoes. Every third night Mr. A. MacGowan, a resident of Swatow Henry Pollock knows as well as I do, out the world, and they have not left and very other day we do duty. Of for a large number of years, then gave very strong recommendations have been that out of sight in Canton to-day. course, we have to unload all the goods a short account of the trade position in sent to the British Goverunicht again and sent up from Hongkong and as Swatow, Since the formation of the Be-again and at the present time it would
DETAILS OF THE INTRIGUE. ali Chinese servants have left as, we have public," said Mr. MacGowan, there has be inopportube and unwise, while these As long as the inte Dr. Sup Ynt. to do our housework and sanitary work, been continual fighting in Swatow and dis-recommendations are being considered, Sen was in charge of the de facto Gov- Mr. H. R. Wells: I ehould like to ask trict." The military, one faction or an- to do anything which might embarrass ernment in Canton, the Bolsheviks were how long the lecturer has been away from other, are always in charge. There is the situation. But if no satisfactory looked upon merely as advisors and Moscow, and how much opportunity he perpetual strife, with intervals of peace, reply is forthcoming in a short space of friends of the Chinese, but immediately has had of seeing the results of Bolshevik Each new military leader who secures time, you doubtless will be given an after Dr. Sun Yat Sea's death they
charge of the City demands his taxes, opportunity of expressing your views on succeeded in obtaining a much bigger in Mr. Hellstrom: I passed through and the people, under the threat of being the subject...
fluence in the Kuomintang party. Russia in May last year and stopped looted, have to pay. Since the strike and Hon. Mr. Alabaster: I have much And, then began A violent agitation there a month. I might say that I speak hoyrots, trade, of course, has gone from pleasure in moving a vote of thanks to against the Treaties and the Treaty Russian nearly as well as I speak Eng- bad to worse. The present boycott is the Chairman, and to Mr. Hellstrom Powers and the lever was the argument lish, and I met many leading Bolsheviks against the British and Japanese only; who has given as so much to think about about the Customs surplus, The Bolshe in the trains. They were going to the other nationalities are not being molest- Question: Will Mr. Holyoak tell us viks failed, however, to get the general hig meeting in Moscow, following theed. The Bolsheviks control the Guilds, how long we have to wait for an answer public with them and the Yunnanese death of Lenin. I have never seen such and through these hit at the foreigner. to our telegrams? We cannot wait in. General in Canton opposed them in their horrors as I saw in Russia. In Siberia,All the members of the Guilds are ter- definitely. We won't do it. (Laughter.) policy and, therefore, he had to be re- where it was very cold, there were smalltorised, and dare not do anything but Hon. Mr. Holyoak: I cannot tell you moved. An instrument lay ready to their children going ahout in gunny bags, bare what they are told. It was on July and how long we shall have to wait for hands, namely the existing Inter-Provin footel, in the snow. People who before that the house-servants left work, and wa reply, but I can tell you that it no reply cial jealousy and they, therefore, raised the revolution could live well had not were isolated. Not a Chinese was allow-is forthcoming-say, within a week, you the cry of Canton for the Cantonese" food for the next day. Taxes were so eu to come near us, let alone speak to will get an opportunity of expressing and on this the Bolshevik troops, com- | high that the people did not know what da When spoken to they simply turned your views.
bined with the Cantonese, attacked the The Chairman: Iniust mention that Yunnanese and Kwangsi troops.
Dow
rule in Husein?
to do,
tion ?
away. As regdrda food we were well sup-
This
Hon. Mr. Alabaster: The lecturer has plied from Hongkong and shad the as-it is Mr. Holyoak to whom we are chiefly former work successful and entirely des already told some of us, but will he tell sistance of H.M.S. Bluebell. No water indebted for the meeting this evening. frated the Yunnanese and Kwangai the meeting the difference between St.is allowed to be sent alongside any strom to give this address, and I am sure sinn General who afterwards left for He managed to arrange with Mr. Hell-troops. They were commanded by Rus Petersburg before and after the revolu-British or Japanese vessels, and I am voicing the thanks of ali, in thank Moscow to make the military arrangements
sampan will take any Britisher as a Mr. Hellstrom: There was a popula ( passenger. If the owner of a sampan ing him for all he has done.. tion in St. Petersburg of two millions did take a British subject as a passenger
of the Red Army. Before the defeat of their The thanks of the meeting were accord-opponents, the Bolshevik party in Can- before the war, and during the years of bis boat would be seized and burned. Alfed to Mr. Hellstrom and Mr. Holyoak ton were not strong enough to carry out. war the figure rose to two and a half. our offices are closed--we might call it and the gathering then dispersed. When I passed through in May last year somer vacation. Swatow is entirely
their policy in the way they wished. Mr. Hellstrom's paper, which was They had everything prepared beforehand there wern between 200,000 and 400,000 in-under the domination of Canton, and opinion held in many quarters that the Yunnanese, the Bolsheviks started a vio throughout a direct challenge to the and immediately after the defeat of the habitants. Large districts of the town at present the chances of on improvement Chinese could never be brought to adapt lent anti foreign campaign in which they were in ruins, and because of the short- are remote
Bolshevism, was read by the Hon. Mr. used the so-called unequal Treaties
age of food. the Bolshevik Government
were giving out papers authorising Col. Robertson: Is it not possible to P. H. Holyoak. Mr. Hellstrom, although and the Shanghai incident (whether people to pull down houses and take bave an expression of the opinion of speaking English fluently, speaks with a or not it was provoked) in order to get away the doors and window frames for the meeting! In 1843, I think, the same foreign necunt and it was thought his the public on their sile, but they could Srewood, In the pre-revolution days conditions prevailed in Canton as now, statements and arguments would be not work up a strong enough feeling Petersburg was one of the prettiest But this was soon stopped by the autho- followed more easily by the large against the foreigners with these mea- towns I have seen. Now there are streets rities themselves instead of waiting for audienco if this procedure was adopted. aures only and, therefore, they had to and streets of ruins. The streets, were in England. England does not seem to take The paper, obviously written by one who arrange an incident of obvious im such. had repair, also, that it was ex any notice of what the people suffer here.thoroughly knew, his subject, held the portance in Canton which would help ceedingly difficult to drive a carriage I know something of Bolshevism, and attention of the gathering from beginning them to get the masses on their aide alang them."
anyone who wants it can have it. 1 have to end.
That was the fring on June 23rd.⠀