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PASSING OF LIBERALISM. CRUSHING BLOW OF THE GREAT
WAR.
Surely all this represented a triumph for Liberalisu, Hera was the realisation of the dreams of former Liberal states- men, prophets, anal seers." It seemed to be the apotheosis of liberty. Surely if Liberalism had been a true political creed [BY THE DIKE DE NORTHUMBERLAND.]
it would have been. 60. But, as a ufatter The position of the Liberal, Tarty in of hard fact, all this liberry turned out the to be deal sea fruit. The Tsardam, whose 1914 was a most precarious one; Great War dealt is a crushing below. In fall had been hailed by the British Gov- the first place, it was one of those things croment as another fall of the Bastille which Liberalism had always declared to was replaced by a ghastly tyranny which be unthinkable." This was not enties. Į forcibly abolished religion and morality. y due to the natural disinclination of reduced Russin to barbarism, and erected mankind to contemplate what is in an organisation for spreading its revolu pleasant. It was also due the Liberal tionary tenets all over the world. The philosophy, according to which wars were disappearance of the Hohenzollerns re- solely due to dynastic ambition at tosulted in the creation of a Republic, of conditions which had passed away with whore instability was only mintched by the advent of popular government. It is its determination to evade the terms true that there had been many great wars the pence treaty, while the conditions in in Europe in the preceding century; be the former Austrisa Empire were not. most of these could with same show of taken all found, a striking testimony to justice he represensed as the result of the the advantages of self-detenuination or struggle to achieve herty and national of denuracy. As for the Langue of Na- unity, and, therefore, not at varianey with tions, 50 powerless was it to provide a the Liberal outlook on life. Bit this was system for preserving peace in Europe, that the British Government has now re- a war of a different, nature allagriber indeed, gaite an old-fashioned affair reported all the measures the League hat miniscent of that unerlightened age when elaborated for that end, and bas formally a Philip I, a Louis XIV., or a Napoleoni deglare that pence can only be secured had aimed at the domination of the world. by a pact or alliance outside the League, What rendered it still more distressing which, in plain terms, means going back to the Liberal min was that it was to the old system of the balance of power. caused by Germany-of all countries in
DISILLUSIONMENT. the world! Although the system of gov
With regard to India and Egypt the ernment in the German Empire could hardly be described as democratie, that system of reforms aiming at self-deter- country had always had an irresistible at- mination by gradual stages soon broke traction for Liberals. Not only had it down, resulting in India in a dead-lock, been the spiritual home of one of the and in Egypt in the murder of the Sirdar. great prophets of Liberalism, Carlyle, hut In Ireland the first fruits of self-govern it was also the spiritual home of Lordment were a civil war between the partis- Haldane, the very Minister whose primaryans of the new government and the Re- duty it was to prepare for war with itpublicans, while the loyalista were nhan The Lerumns were also a most enlightened, en mnase to wholesale spoliation ened people, with the highest standard off and exile, and the future of that country education in Europe, and their measures continues to give cause for the liveliest for alleviating the lot of the workers had anxiety.
We have been told by the same Liberal beca a model for the Liberal Government, while they were also the fountain of Prostatesman referred to above that the testantism, the origin and suree of all present position of "the Liberal Party is "Little Bethels, and in Liberal imagina. due to the public weariness of reform. tion a most pious and God-feating people, Man cannot always be aspiring towards these ehently Christian ebaracteristics liberty. He gets tired, he loses sight of hasing heen acquired by a Gligent study the vision which once inspired him and of the works of Troitschke, Bernhardi.sinks back to earth. It muy he su, of Hegel, and the higher critics.
course, and yet some disillusionment with the results at Liberalisin in practice is PREPARATIONS FOR WAR.
perhaps excusable in the circumstances. It is perfectly true that the Conservative The obvious way out of the difficulty Party were equally responsible for this was to ascribe the war to the dynastic disillusionment, but this has nothing to antidors of the Kaiser, and to the mili do with it. The policy was at any rate tarism of the juukers, which would have Liberal, and the only reason the Conser- been quite in record with Liberal tradi-vative Party are in power to-day is" be tions. But unfortunately this explanation
same fatal path. was entirely inconsistent with the view of cause they declined to continue on the my friend the Kaiser" presented to the The last three Elections have sealed the world by Lord Haldane, and with his fate of Liberalism. It would have died positive assurances that the German in any case, because the conditions neres General Staff ved very much from hand sary for its survival no longer exist, but to mouth," and was far from contemplatit expired so rapidly and so dramatically ing any thought of war. No! there was that a serious student of political history no getting over the fast that the war could hardly fail to read aright the lesson falsified all the predictions and aspira of its fate. It was most fortunate that tions of Liberalism-it simply did not eu in this crisis the Liberal Party was led ter into the Liberal philosophy-
by two statesmen who represented in It was natural in the circumstances peculiar degree the Baal phase of Liberu in its decline and degradation. that the Liberal Government's prepara am tions for war were somewhat badequate. The very phrases and catchwords by This has, indeed, heen streduously denied which these statesmen became distinguish and Ninepence by them, and as some eminent soldiers ed Wait and ser have supported them in this denial, their for fourpence were symbolical of their defence is worth examining. It is simply descent into opportunism and demagogy, this. That in the period of eight-years sins which have always been lying in preceding the war, during which Minis-wait, for Liberalism.ains te which it is ters' declare that, they were duly warned inesitably prone, but which had been and were expecting an attack by the more or less obscured by, the eloquence greatest military power on earth, an army and character of such men as Gulstone, which had proved hopelessly inadequate Campbell Bannerman, and Lord Grey. to cope with two insignificans Republies in South Africa was not increased in strength, but was given a distinctly, better and more up-to-date organisation than it had at a period when it was organised toit did not, as it might have done, avoid Sght only Afghan tribesmen or African
Bavages,
A CLOSED CHAPTER. Thanks, however, to them two states- meu. Liberalism did; not "peter-out";
the damning disclosure of its real na ture, the demonstration of the inevit PUBLIC DECEPTION
able result of its principles, by splitting Regarded as a defence, this statement to a number of factions or joining secus a little unsatisfactory; as an in-forces with Conservatism. On the con dictment it could hardly be bettered.brary. it placed the Socialist Party in Strangely enough, while these vigorous power, and the result was the relegation preparations for war were going on, Mini- as the last Election of the party to a sters continued to assure the country that position where it has practically eased there was danger whatever, and de to count as a political force.
But let us not misinterpret the lesson liberately discouraged any general pre- paration on the part of the nation; their its fate is not due to any mistakes in the explanation of this apparently inconsis-party gaine, as certain" Liberal leaders tent conduct being that they thought the would have as believe these hare at danger of war would hest he avoided by best only hastened its demise, but have pretending to the country that it did not not caused it. Its fase is due to the exist and to the Germans that they were fact that it has accomplished its mission: not prepared for it They were, in fact, it represented a certain stage in the great indulging in a course of public (but net process of subversion, the stage in which self) deception. No more instructive and monarchy, aristocracy, and priesthood are ontertaining commentary upon popular the objectives, and that stage has pass- ed for ever; it is ancient history, and goverament could be imagined.
bas no application to the political or social conditions of to-day.
Unfortunately some ex-Ministers have been inartistic enough to spoil the beauty (while adding to the humour) of this pic- ture of Liberal Statesinauship by confes sing that the idea of Germany going to war never once entered their heads. It has lately been stated by one of the most that distinguished Liberal statesmeni
Liberalism does not thrive in an atmos phere of war A party which tells the people that a war will not happen can indeed scarcely be expected to thrive when it does.
a
A CREED OUTWORK..
For Liberalism is not the cult of Liberty; it is at its best only the cult of very narrow conception of liberty which has no meaning in the world of to-day. What solution, for instance, bas Liberalism for securing liberty against the menace of a tyranny quite as furmid- able at that which any absolute Monarch ever wielded-the tyranny of organised Labour dominater by Communists and A COMPLETE COLLAPSE
directed, in the interests of world revolu And yet this will hardly explain the tion? Why, it was Liberal Jegislation subsequent collapse of the Liberal Party. which helped to erect that tytandy, and The war, indeed, created conditions. which ensured the success of that domination. Is the Trades Disputes. Act which would seem at first sight favourable to placed the Trade Unions above the law, Liberalism. For one thing it dealt a death-blox to absolutism and imperis égalised coercion and extortion on a scale, and laid the foundations gigantic lism; the three great Continental Empires for the mobilisation of Labour, against had gone down in a weiter of chaos. Capital. Then again peace was to be founded on.
And if Liberalism has failed to protect the Liberal principle of self-deterinina-
liberty at home, bus been equally: un- tion. The world was to be "male; safe for democracy, the Kaiser was to be successful abroad. There was a time. when the Liberal Party stood forth before punished, international relations were in all the world as the champions of the op- future to be regulated by a great League pressed and down-trodden, and, above
all, of any Christian community persecut
was
of Nations, democratic principles were to BATHING-SUITS
be introduced into the governmental sysed by an alien faith. But what has been tems of India and Egypt, where the the Liberal attitude towards the Soviet pathetic contentment of the masses hell to be a standing reproach to British administration. Last, but not least. Ire. land was freed froin English, dominion And all this was achieved by a Liberal Prime Minister, who had the support not only of most of his own but of the whole Conservative Party.
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[119
Government of Russia? That the conduct of a foreign government is no business of ours, that trade should not concern itself with morality, and that there is no differ. enes in kind between a Turkish Govern.
nent, which oppresses its subjects, and a (Continued at foot of next Column.)
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gang of international revolutionaries who proscribe Christianity, abolish morality, and proclaim war on the whole world The comparison with Turkey is, in view
(108
of the history of Liberalism, a strange. analogy to choose, but no one capable of reasoning could perceive any analogy at all-The Morning Post.