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IS INDIA WORTH. KEEPING? THE VALUE OF HER PRODUCTS.
Mr. Atherton Mercer (formerly Secre tary to the Europeaa Association, Cal cutta), writing in a Landon paper says in, answer to the question in the head- line
INDIAN REFORMS INQUIRY.
and
THE TWO REPORTS. CONFLICTING FIEWS. A-summary of the majority minority reports of the Committee ap pointed to inquire into the possibility Most empbilically. "Yes," and nobody of making medication of the Govern who knows anything about the country peat of India Act with the view to im- would ever dream of asking such a ques-proving its working is now available. The majority state that the Act has not been in operation long enough to afford mate rial for judgment, but there is no ground for the conclusion that it is a failure. The minority contest this view.
tion.
:
There may be people over here who, owing to ignorance, think India is of small value to our Empire. just as there are people over there who, stirred up by political agitators, think that they could get along better without us, though they never stop to think what would happen to their country if England evacuated it.
Engiand has, however, no intention or thought of any such exacuation. When she assumed control she assumed also ver tain obligations and responsibilities, and these she intends to full, be the cost what it may...
The Muddiman Committee's report on Indian Reforms consists of Majority and The former includes Minority Reports the views of Sir Alexander Muddiman himself, Sir Mohamed Shafi, Sir Arthur Froom, Sir Henry MoncrieE-Smith, and the Maharaja of Burdwan. The Minority Reports gives the views of Sir Tej Baha dur Sapru. Sit Sivaswamy Aiyer, Dr. Daranjpe, and Mr. Jinnah.
The value of a country depends upon
The Majority Report observes that the what it can contribute to art. literature Constitution has been in fores too short te time to enable a well-founded opinion science, commerce, and industry, and also upon it strategic position, which latter to be formed in regard to its success, in the case of India, is of vital import but the evidence is not convincing that ance to the whole of the British Empire, it has failed. The Minority Report con-
We are living in a commercial age, and so will consider here the value of India to the Empire solely from this point,. though there are other ways of looking
at the matter.
Viewed from this standpoint, and under existing economic conditions, neither country can afford to do without the other..
India would and herself in a bad way if the supply of British goods and mer- chandise erased, while many industries, both in this country and in many other parts of the Empire, would be paralysed if imports from India seriously declined or were directed to other channels.
A GREAT TRADING COUNTRY.
teats this holding that the reforms have been given fair trial.
The majority rechaunead, inter alia, a relaxation of the control of the Secre tary of State over the Gorerament of India iz cases affceting purely indian interests, joint deliberation between the two sides of the Government an import- at questions, and joint responsibility of the Ministry. They, further recommend that the Governor should not dissent from the opinion of Ministers, subject to the power of interference to prevent untair discrimination between classes and in- cresta, to protect minorities, and safe- guard his responsibility for reserved sub- Jeets and regarding the interests of mem- India is the sixth largest trading coun- [bers of the permanent servic try in the world, and of her total imports The majority recommend that a Minis last year 65 per cent, were from the British kser or member of the Governor's Execu Empire-35 per cent. of these being from tive Council should be able to recommend the United Kingdom-while 39 per cent to the Governor that any case in his De- of her exports were bought by the Empartment should be considered before a pire-25 per cent, of these being purchas-joint Cabinet or that side of the Govern ed by the United Kingdom...
fment with which it is directly concerned, India supplied Great Britain last gear and that the secretary of the Department with goods to the value of nearly should inform his Minister of every case! £68,000,000 and her total purchases from in which be differs from the Minister us amounted to about £9,000,000.
and all other cases which he proposes to refer to the Governor. They recommend that certain reserved subjects, including forests, boilers, gas, housing, and labour, should be transferred to enable Ministera responsibility to be enforced.
If to these figures the trade with other parts of the Empire be added to wit, exports nearly £31,000,000, imports £10,000,000 the total value of India's commercial transactions with the British Empire works out at approximately £193,000,000 out of a total of 385,000,000. or nearly half of her total world's trade..
These figures alone ought to be con- clusive evidence of the commercial in portance of the two countries to each other
There should be power to more resola tions of a confidence and resolutions questioning Ministers policy and reduc ing Ministers' salaries in the Councils. The representation of the depressed classes and factory labourers should be Sucreased. The Meston settlement should All through her long history India has be revised so soon as there is a favour- been primarily an agricultural country fable opportunity. The member of the and to-day 70 per cent. of her population Executive Council in charge, of Finance née engaged in agricultural-parsugs. should not be in cliarge of any speading
A consideration of some of the pridepartment.
cipal items of commerce will show how Regarding the services, the majority dependent the two countries are upon recommend that any action that may be each other. India is the second largest cotton-growing country in the world, the area under this crop last year being nearly 3 million acres.
With the existing world shortage of cotton, it is not difficult to foresee the effect upon Manchester and other textile centres if the Tudian source of supply
were to cease.
Jute is another of the large industries. of India which is of the atmost import ance to this rountry: Practically the whole of the world's supply of jute fibre a. obtained from Nurth-Eastern India. The United Kingdom last year purchased about 8 per cent. of India's export if juteraw and manufactured.
OUR TEA SUPPLY.
Another article of commerce to which we are very largely indebted to India and the shortage of which would cause dis may throughout the country is fen.....
The area under ten cultivation last year was 710,300 acres, and the total exports amounted to 1 million lbs., of which quantity the United Kingdom purchased early 200 million lbs., Canada 12 million lbs., and Australia over 4 million lbs.
necessary for the protection of the ser vices in the exercise of their functions. and the enjoyment of their recognized rights and privileges should be taken. that control over recruitment should be entrusted to the proposed; public services commission, all communities possessing representation on the Inter with due re gard to efficiency.
Tim Minority Report lays emphasis on the fact that almost every nep-official witness emphasized the need for grovin- cial autonomy and the introduction of the principle of the responsibility of the
This report ap Central Government, proves the statement that nothing but the disappearance of dyarchy and the sub- stitution for it of provincial autonomy will pacify the Government's critics. It deals in detail with the points on which the minority differs from the majority; and gives reasons for the opinion that the present Constitution has failed.
It adds that the proper question is not whether any alternative transitional scheme can be devised, but whether the Constitution should not be put upon a permanent basis with provisions for fu ture automatic progress so as to secure stability, in government and the willing co-operation of the people.
There are great many other items of merchandise that the British Empire obtains from India-wheat, coffee, rice,
The Minority Report finally expresses. metals and ores, hides and skins, leather, the hope that a serious attempt to scire and so forth-but the examples quoted the question will be made in the near- will suffice to show something of the ex- tent of India's export trade to the Emfuture either by a Royal Commission or
some other agency." pire.
Among the principal items of export from this country to India may be men-
tioned railway plant and rolling stock.
94 per cent of the total bought by India
per cent from Australia coming from the United Kingdom and
#
NEWS IN VIRTUE. ÉDITOR EXPLAINS LIMITATIONS-
TO CONGREGATION, DAN Machinery, 84.8 per cent agricultural implements, 68 per cent; cotton manu
After evening services at a Church in. factures, 82 per cent; and iron and steel. Yorkshire, in mail week, instead of there 83.8 per cen
It would not be an easy matter for being & termon, Mr. Charles Ogden, editor of the Yorkshire Observer, spoke exporters to find other markets English it the Indian market were closed to them on "The Belation of the Daily Newspaper
to Religion Daily India has a total area of 1,305.73 It was being widely suggested nowinys square miles and a population, at the last that the newspapers should be purified of census of 1921, of 318,842,450-one-ft of everything that seemed to be bordering the total population of the world and
and that only the virtuous the on contains large tracts of land suitable for liven of
be referred to should
of virtue was *people
agricultural purposes which aro now Unhappily the news I
The
unclele:
Waste or only partly realtivated.
very limited said
tha improvement of agricultural methodsgp had lived ordinary Bober, decent lives all pears to be the best way of advancing the their time, very few indeed would desire to be informed of their virtue. There was prosperity of the country, such methods to
Bs, for example, the provision of im-such a host of people so good, in other proved varieties of crop the average words so commonplace, that there was yield of cotton per acro in India is only not a scrap of news value in them. A
of to the alleged uncleanatas, nearly all 68 lbs., as compared with 200 lbs. in the United States and from 200 lbs to 400 this sort of thing that appeared in print was from the law courts, and the magis Tha in Egypt the introduction of more trates and judges bad large power to up-to-date machinery, and the extension discriminate as to what should be pub of the work of the agricultural colleges,
lished and what should not. The worst that happened in the law courts never appuld be fair to say that the deit
in any newspaper. He thought fress never taught that the way of the transgressor was a path strewn with товень It seemed to his imagining in, every issue to have scrawled in bold type across its soiled pages the stera lesson:
The wages of sin is death."
4
The most formidable weapon in war was not our heavy guns, but our sursum eurda. Mr. Lloyd George.
Where one finds absolutely pure blood there one finds an absolutely stationary people. Mr. Snell, M,P,
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