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AMERICA'S THANKS-
GIVING DAY,
frees and making a beginning in a wilder. men could not be overcome, and soin in the light of the earlier attempts, roalie. ness-were the very things which most of September, 1820, a party of one hundred ing something of the bazards of their the party knew least about doing. The and two persons sailed on the Mayflower, undertaking, sailed forth from England: result was that the suffering during the intending to land on the northern coast to plant a colony in America hased on ITS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. frst few months was most bitter. Had of Virginia. Stress of weather kept the religious liberty. We notice their spirit
it not been for the courage of Capt. John little ship nine weeks on the Athhatie, and their regions purpose, their feeling of *. When the American community of Smith, the party would have abandoned when at last, in the bleak days of Noven dependence upon God. We recall, their Canton celebrated Thanksgiving Day the settlement and left before autumn her they sighted land, it turned out to experiences in landing. The winter with last week at the campus of the Canton the small boots which they had During he Cape Cod, and not the Virginia. coast, ravages of death and disense gone, n Christian College, a very interesting the winter Capt. Smith was very succes- at all. The master of the ship had let suficient remnant to found a colony has address was delivered by the Rev. M. Tful in his relations with the Indians, and his reckonings go wong and found himself been left; crops have been planted, thàn Barkin, in which he gave the historical was able to secure sufficient provisions to hundreds of miles above the place where and the colony is safe. And then, a
summer has passed, the harvest has, ondetă !" background of the festival.
keep the colony comfortable. Ere runny
the true meaning and spirit of Thanks party. During the next two years, the daunted, the party decided to make giving Day, we must know the history of affairs of the struggling cokny were sur landing, and seek a suitable place for the the Day. If we are to observe the ocen: cessful steered through many dangers and settlement. They took care first, Bow sion in its true spirit at this gathering, hardships by Smith. When, at last in the ever, to have some sort of govemment we mast acquaint ourselves with the con autumn of 1609, he was obliged to tako ment was drawn up and signed by all of mads ready for the landing. An agree ditions which produced the first Thanks. ship for England, it looked as if the worst the men of the party, whereby they bound giving Day in America, and with the his-were over at Jamestown. There were themselves to accept, the authority of tors through which the Day has same-to-about-five hundred persons in the settle. be one of our most characteristic ohser-ment when be left, a few of whom were stand the spirit of this settlement, we can their leaders. In attempting to unders vances. Therefore, I wish to present for women, making it seems that at last the your consideration disenssion of the lonely place would see homes established.
not do better than to quote this agree subject, the Development of Thanksgiving But the absence of Sniith proved a calm Day in American History.
ity. Added numbers had added little in quality or ability. The first six months following his absence witnessed “a de- sperate starving time" which no one who far too few to care for the sick. Do what survived it, ever forgot. The well were
He said: If we are fully to understand months, more settlers came to join the/he had intended to land. But nothing Thanksgiving Day was observed, the first
EARLY HISTORY. - The first Thanksgiving Day in Ameri- can history was observed in the fall of 1021, just after the first harvest had been
ment.
AGREEMENT MADE PRIOR, TO
LANDING!.
"In the name of God,, Amen ; wo whose names are upder-written, the loyal sub- having undertaken, for the glory of God, jects of our dread sovereign King. James,
in American history. Do we not catch the spirit of it? A spirit, which enn not he described, which can not be analysed. which must he felt. Thus I have tried to which created this early spirit in order reproduce in a small way the background.. that wa might come to feel it.
WASHINGTON'S THANKSGIVING :
PROCLAMATION":""
We of today are separated from that: irst Thanksgiving observance by three centuries, and yet, that early spirit seems : to have lived through the years. It is seen in the Thanksgiving proclamation-by- Washington in 1788. The Revolutionary: War had been ended; peace had been
years of independence had been passed, declared; the uncertainty of the first few
JOHN BEGG by the mouth Colony Tres they could, only six persons reinained to and advancement of the Christian faith, and the first National government had obseivance was the spontaneous expres see the coming of spring. These deter and honour of our King, and "country, a sion of a spirit of gratitude to God. Imined to abandon the desolate and hope- voyage to plant the first colony in the fon issued the following proclanation:
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is this spirit which we must understand less place as soon as possible," and the northern parts of Virginia, do, by these in order to make the present occasion förlora little party were actually on their presents, solemnly and mutually, in the true observance of Thanksgiving Day way down the river, when they are met presence of God and one another, coven- The conditions which produced this spiritby Lord Delaware bringing a large humant and combine ourselves together into of gratitude to God had their beginning ber of new settlers and fresh supplies. in the earliest attempts to plant culonies They reluctantly consented to return, and in "America. We of to-day cannot posby nightfall the fires were again kindled sible realize the tremendousness of these on the hearthstones of the deserted vil early attempt. Though - Columbus; had
lage. During the months which followed, many years before explored the secret of the colony, under the feadership of Lord the Sea of Darkness" which had lain Delaware, slowly struggled to re-estab so silent all through the centuries, the lish itself. One early writer describes the crossing of the Atlantic was still an under-daily life of the people during those taking to be attempted only by the months as follows:
bravest of hearts And after the Atlan
Iz colony.
וי
ing and preservation, and furtherance of a civil body politiu, for our letter order-
the ends aforesaid; and by vittue there- of, to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, con- stitutions and offices, from time to time.
the general good of the colony. as shall be thought most convenient for which we promise all due submission and obedience. Here we have portrayed the spirit and purpose in which the settle. ment was made." The document having | been sigood, proparations were made to effect a landing.
TESTING TIME FOR THE PILGRIMS.
Unto
just taken office when President Washing-.
Almighty God, to obey his will, to be. "Whereas it is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the Providence, of.
grateful for his beuofits, and humbly. to implore his protection and favours, now, therefore, I do recommend. and: assign Thursday, the 28th day of November next to be devoted, bỹ the people of theso, States, to the service of that Great and Glorious Baing.—'
AND LINCOLN'S
The same spirit is to be seen again in the proclamation issued by, President Lin- coln in 1864,, from, which, I, quote only one paragraph:
."
Whereas, The Senate of the U.S., devoutly recognizing the supreme authority, and just government of Almighty God, in all the affairs of men and nations, has by a resolution re- quested the President to set apart a day for national prayer, and humilia tion, and whereas, it is the duty of nations as well as of, men, to own their dependence upon, the overruling power of God."
"At the beginning of the day they tie had been safely crossed, the great cou-assembled in the church, which was kept tinent lay before the would-be settlers nently trimmed with the wild flowers of veiled and virgin shore," its temper the country, next they returned to their antried, its wilderness unexplored. A homes to receive their allowance of food, early as 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert went The hours of labour were from six in the out to Newfoundland, and lost his life morning, till ten, and from two in the seeking a harbour to the Southward afternoon till four."
The shores of the sea within Cupe where to plant a colony." The next year, Thus six hours of labour a day was Cod by no means showed the soft sun the proclamations of President Wilson Expressions of this spirit are found in Sir Walter Raleigh sent out two ships required from every man in the colony, mer aspect which Capt. "John Smith had issued during the Great War in Europe, and left a party of one hundred and eight Nor were their labours in vain. Bit by found upon them in 1614 when he cruised egling upon the nation, to recognize it. persons on the island of Boanoke to begin hit the veil was lifted from the virgin along these coasts, They had reminded dependence upon. God, to acknowledge All that remains to history shore, more and more the silence of the him then of green Devonshire and the him as the Beneficent Author of all our of that codony is the mysterious word forest was broken iry the ring of the axe; soft slopes of England. But now they blessings, and to express our gratitude. "Croatan," which was found inscribed on a tree some years later when another during the winter months, the sound of were bleak and frosted and desclate. The to him for the many favours he has been the hammer and of the saw gave evidence pilgrims" were not men to lose heart,pleased to, confer upon us. In the last party landed at that point. The fate of of a growing and prosperous village. The however, and their leaders were of such proclamation by President Harding and Tittle Virginia Dare, the first child of soil was made to bring forth its yield ever quality as to relish difficulty and find a
in the one issued during the past year English parents born on the American
by President Coolidge, Thanksgiving Day. i referred to as our of the most char- continent, together with the fate of the in enlarging measures," and the hostility zest in daring." And many were the
of the Indians was largely overcome by occasions during the following months ncteristic observances of
our natiun." remainder of the party, has been kept a being transformed into friendship or hy which called out this quality. The weaThe histuty which we have just reviewedł secret by the silence of the forests. the use of anus. During the next two ther was so bitterly cold that very little years, other settlements were added to exploring could be done, and it was the the Jamestown mettlement, each with its latter part of December before a place fort and stockade, its military commander suitable for a settlement could be found and discipline. In 1619 Captain Yearly Ridpath, in his History of the U.S., returned from England bringing a docu- ment which Virginiana" were thenceforth to look back to us to their Great Obarter of rights and liberties, a document which made of their colony a little commonwealth. Under this charter, Captain Yearly was to call together re presentatives from the several plantations, and that assembly, sitting with the gover nor's council, was to have full rights, to "It was a lonely age to be four make laws for the colony. On the 30th months upon the great sea, for ships of July, 1810, the new Virginia Assembly were rare, only from time, like pilgrims held its first meeting in the chancel of here and there, crossing the waters, the church at Jamestown. We look back You were sure to see no sails any were to this meeting as to the first representa as you went. And the land to which tive assembly in America, as to the begin they came was as lonely as the sea, ning of liberty and self-government in the except for the savages who lurked with English colonies.
Other attempts by the French and Spaniards had been equally as futile.
THE FIRST SETTLEMENT IN
VIRGINIA.
It was in April of 1607 when the three small vessels entered the lonely 'capes of the Chesapeake, beiniging, the company who were to make the first permanent English settlement in America, at James. town in Virginia They had been on the
seas for four months.
describes the experiences of those, days always in the following paragraph:
THE PURITANS SAIL ON THE "MAYFLOWER".
to
hears this statement out. So I may Bay that if we, in our observance to-day, would be true to the spirit of Thanks- giving Day which has come down to us, through the years, we should recognize. our national dependence upon God we should acknowledge our blessings and our good fortunes as gifts of his mercy, and we should express to him our deepest gratitude for his merciful providence and his gracious gifts.
"It was now the dead of winter. There as an incessant storm of sleet and snow, and the houseless immigrants, already enfeebled by their sufferings, fell a-dying
- P. & O. DIVIDEND. of hunger, cold and exposure. After s few days of exploration about the coast,
12 FER CENT. FOR YEAR A sito was selected near the first landing, some trees were felled, the snowdrifts At the 84th. Ordinary Central Meeting cleared away, and on the 9th of January of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam the heroic toilers began to build New Navigation Company, to be held at the Plymouth. Every man took on himself Company's offices on the 10th December, the work of making his own house; but the Directors, after providing for the the ravages of disease grew daily worse, mual Dividend at the rate of 5 per cent. strong arms fell powerless, lung lovers per annum on the Preferred Stock, less and consumptions wasted every family. Income Tax, will recommend a dividend At one time only seven mea were able in the Deferred Stock of 6 per cent, for to work on the sheds which they were the six months, free of Income Tax, mąk=" building for shelter from the storms;anding, with the Interim Dividend of 6 per if an early spring had not brought relief, cent. paid in May, a total distribution, or the colony must have perished to a man, the Deferred Stock of 12 per cent. for
the year.
A LARGE" "AND BOUNTIFUL
HARVEST.
But the survivor were steadfast, as They elected Mr. Bradford. always. governor in the place of Mr. Carver, whe had succumbed to the ravages of the
Dividend Warrants will be postedt om. the 11th December.
VINEMA HOTES.
WORLD THEATRE. AZ
Tom Forman's production of Tha
"The
in its forests. The three little mer chantmen came none the les boldly in at the capes, however; and the tirad men on board thought the shores of the vast bay within very beautiful, with Now let us turn our" attention their fair meadows and goodly tall another significant stage in the develop trees, there fresh waters running ment of those conditions which produced through the woods; better than any the first. Thanksgiving Day in American wize to men who for four months had history. While the Jamestown colony was drunk from the state casks on the ships, slowly making its way to stability, forces And yet, the loneliness of those spread were at work in England which were ing coasts, wooded to the very edge destined to send out another group of was enough to daunt even brave men people who would make a permanent They chose a place for their settlement settlement ou the bleak shores of New winter, and went on with their fight to some forty miles from the mouth of the England. Those people of England who live. Such was their hardihood that ne river and called it Jamestown. Eighty bad suffered much under the intolerance one asked to return to England when the girl Who Came Bucks" is now showing years before, there had been Spaniards of Queen Elizabeth looked to the ascen Mayflower set sail in April. During the upan that spot. No fewer than five sion of James of Scotland with much hope spring months grounds were eltered and at the World Theatre, hundred persons had settled there, but for more religious freedom. But King crops were planted. Surely it must have when "the English put ashore, no trace James, though he had been a veritable been with anxiety that the pilgrims watch remained to tell the tragic story of the Presbyterian as long as he was King of ed them spring up and grow. The fate earlier settlement. The place was as Scotland, completed the despair of the of the colony, certainly its stability, de- still and bare and lonely as if no man dissenting Puritans when he declared that pended largely upon their success in till else had ever looked upon it.
Scottish presbytery agreeth much ing the soil. Spring grew into summer with a monanthy as God with the devil and summer into fall, and with the car "A DESPERATE, STARVING TIME. The result was that a group of these sons grew the grais. In the fall a large
This little party, though not to suffer Puritans filed to Holland in search of and bountiful harvest was gathered. the fate of their forerunners, was destined religious freedom. But they did not long FOR RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. to endure much suffering and misery remain satisfied in Holland, and so began Scarcely had the ships which brought to think of the far away shores of the them out weighed anchor for home than New World as a place where to plant a the people stood face to face with want colony based on religious liberty, Ac and misery. They were an ill-atted party cordingly, representatives were root to We recall the tremendousness of the early mado. I tried, by arranging the lights for such an undertaking. More than half England to make preparations for the attempts to plant colonies on the Ameri oo my characters, purposely to accentuate the number called themselves Gentlemen; great undertaking. Had these people not can continent of the failure of Sir Hum certain features of that is, were men of good blood enough, been filled with a religious purpose in phrey Gilbert and others of the unmbject was a heavy. By deading the but had no occupation, no steady habit. seeking to make a settlement in America, known fate of Virginia Dare and her eyes, I increased the scowl on his face, Very few of the rest were trained workers they probably would have abandoned the party we think again of the success of and he became more convincing in his of any sort. The things that were needed enterprise before they left the shores of the Jamestowns settlement which was part. Some day, perhaps, our players most to be done after the landing was England, Much opposition and great accomplished only after twelve years of will arrive at the studios with storage made,the planting of eropa, the build difficulties were encountered in the pre suffering and misery and death. Then batteries instead of makeup kits, and ing of houses, the dull labour of felling parations. But the determination of the we note this little band of pilgrims, who tengsten lamps instead of rice powder
#
Mr. Harry Perry the photographer has revealed unusual methods, in the making of this picture, through the never methods of using powerful lights. plain, flat lighting of other days, el- ready has given way to an effort to model
gure, causing it to stand out from its background, and seem to give depth to the picture, he says." "In experi menting with unch three-dimension photo- graphy. I was frequently annoyed by hadows and high-lights throwing certain Now may I apply the reason for tracing features of a player into relief, creating at some length, the historical background the illusion of distortion. Then it of the first Thanksgiving Day in America. occurred to me to use the mistakes I had