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BRITISH ARMY OF TO-DAY. TRAINING SEASON LESSONS.
ME AND MATERIAL,
BY MILITARY CORRESPONDENT IN ** THE TIMES."]
3
reserve in the
AN ESSENTIAL NEED. In order that the valus of the lessons that have been learned may not be lost, and the Expeditionary Force may be mads efficient as a field army, it is essen. tial that manœuvres on a larger scala shall be held next year. In order to pre pare for them the 4th Division will re quire a few days extra for divisional As have recently had the good for training, and the deficiencies in per tane to watch, under the most favourable connel and up-to-date equipment in the Royal Corps of Siguals must be made conditions, the training of practically good in order that all the divisional com- the whole of our Expeditionary Force, amanders may have an equal chance of lew notes thereon may perhaps be of handling their commands. The essence of Cardwell's reforma was his recognition interest to the public now that ten years of the fact that the more we cut down have elapsed since that force left our the number of our troops abread, the shores to fulfil its destiny in the greatest greater the need for u
United Kingdom to deal with emergen- war in history.
cies. Our military obligations and res
overseas have increased Apart from questions of armament, ponsibilities equipment, organization and the sound since his day, and it is a matter of com- mon knowledge that although our po ness of training. the general impression pulation has risen by about 60 per cent. left upon my mind is one of clean-living, our Army has been cut below the bare minimum consistent with these. obliga- vigorous youth, in the pink of condition. tions. The smaller it is, the greater its striving to reach the standard of those tied for efficiency, which only adequate wonderful ald contemptibles" who training can secure. Its atrength; as we' slipped quietly, away to the sports behave seen, does not depend upon any estimate of our requirements; but upon fore the conclusion of the training season the size of our overseas garrisons. These of 1914. In those days the commanders are gradually being reduced with the and the staff officers of our Army were spread of self-government, and if the Cardwell system were adhered to the learning their. business. Now they are Army would vanish altogether with the traching it to others, aided by numbers withdrawal of the last troops. of regimental officers and small percen
W
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tage of other ranks who are acquainted Expeditionary Force are complicated by and EDDIE POLO in “SECRET FOUR” (Eps. 4 & 5).
with the war realities for which peace training afforda preparation.
the bewildering diversity of the problems which it must be prepared to face in different quarters of the globe. The most It is desirable, hefore proceeding, to important point that I have noted is that place our Expeditionary Force in its his our Army is being trained for European torical metting. It is a by-product of the warfare. Officers of all grades whom I Army reforms introduced by Lord Card- have consulted on this point have, with well, who went out of office just half alone accord, replied to the effect that if century ago, leaving to others the task of you learn how to kill the cat, you are garnering the harvest for which he sowed in the best position to deal with the the seeds. Considerations of spaer forbid kitten. This holds good, up to a point, my dwelling further upon the Cardwell but retain a vivid memory of a 300- reformas, much confine myself to the inile trek in a certain war on a daily evolution, under his system, of an Army ration of flour, purchased locally." in properly organized for service in the place of bread or biscuit, and of the men held out of the heterogeneous units which having no better use for it than to mix are maintained in the United Kingdom it with the fat out of bully beef tins to provide reliefs for troops abroad and make indigestible dumplings. I Quite recently we were told by an ex hope that in training for soldiering Cabinet Minister that we were back in ander European conditions the need for 1809, with a weaker Artay. That state-resourcefulness in less favourable circum- ment was misleading. In 1899 we had, stadees has not been ignored.
In accounts of the Army Exercises which strictly speaking, no" Army" at all in
I have witnessed I bave zeferred to the the United Kingdom, by which I mean that we had no properly organized field improvement during the past ten years Army, trained under its appointed in leadership, and to the effect of prac leaders and fit to take the field. Whentical experience upon staff work. Coa. war broke out with the Boers we assem spicuous progress has been made by the bled bastily a number of units. called the leaders of small units, down to platoons results brigades and divisions, appointed and sections, in grasping a situation their commanders and staff officers, and and in acting upon their own initiative. sent them abroad to learn their business They are encouraged to do so, by those
That war over them who have mastered the invalu in the hard school of war. fended in 1902 The principal landmarks able lesson for commanders-study to in Army progress after that date were be quiet." I have found junior non- (1) the establishment by the late Mr. E. commissioned officers acquainted with the O. Arnold Forster of a General Staff, and distribution of the whole of their force, (2) the creation by Lord Haldane of a infantry and guns, and with the general field Army (the Expeditionary Force) plan that is being carried out, and I ont of the various elements to which I have put in a plea for a wider distri have referred. This reform had been in bution of maps to develop this interest. the mind of Lord Cardwell, but it had pever been brought to fruition..
14
BACK IN 1014...
Passing from men, upon whom every- thing depends, to the material which they handle, it would be impossible to deal exhaustively in a single article with all 'Or Lord Haldane's reforms, ail that modern developments. We should have need be said here is that it was due to to consider them under many headings. them that in 1914, for the first time in New weapons, with their amazing deve- bistory, an organized and trained field lopment of fire power; new protective Army left this country to carry out. a devices, from armour to smoke and gais plan which had been worked out in every masks; new obstacles, such as improved detail in time of peace. We are not back barbed wire, and the influence of all in 1800. We are back in 1914, with some these upon tactics. New devices which important exceptions. We then had a influence strategy. New forms of motor cavalry division, six infantry divisions. vehicle which speed up movements, and so a brigade for line of communication influence both. In my accounts of the work, and Army troops, with adequate Army Exercises I have described the use trained reserves behind them. We now now being made of new means of com have two cavalry brigades, only four inmunication, of which wireless telephony fantry divisions, and Army troops; the is the most important; of "dragon trained reserves do not suffer to mobilize drawn guns; of armoured cars and tacks this fore and keep it in the £eld. These the difficulty in keeping control over preliminary notes will. I hope, suffice to them and in reconnoîtring the ground put my remarks upon our Army of to-day ahead; of "anti-tank weapons for in- in their proper setting
fantry, a small armour-piercing quick Our two cavalry brigades are conven- firer being suggested; of hiding from air trated, the 1st (Colone) Commandant F. observation of anti-aircraft guus, W. L. S. H. Cavendish) at Aldershot, the of other matters.. "The warfare 2nd (Colonel Coronandant B. D. Fisher) have witnessed has consisted entirely at Tidworth The 1st and 2nd Divisions of battles for positions.” (Major-Generals. Sir A. A. Mongomery enthusiast suggested to mo a future form and Sir E. P. Strickland) are assembled of land warfare for control over aress in and about Aldershot, the End having rather than for the occupation of posi new line of one of is infantry (Guards) brigades in tions. This opens up a the London district and an artillery thought, but dominating all Army train- brigade at Brighton. The 3rd and 4th ing is the factor that the British Army Divisions (Major Generals Sir William does not and cannot know the nature of Heneker and Sir R. E. Stephens) are the country in which it will be called scattered over the Southern and Eastern on. to operate. Commands respectively. The Army troops are distributed among the Com-
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mands. The Midlands. the North of I have left to the end the subject of air England, Scotland," and Wales are almost co-operation with the Army, perhaps. the denuded of Begutar troops, but a large nost. important cf all. It is common. camp is being constructed at Catterick ground that, both for reconnaissance and to take the place of the Curragh, The for tactical co-operation, the fliers who main change since the war has been the help those on the ground require an in- withdrawal of British troops from what timate knowledge of military problems, is now the Irish Free Btate. A few (6ve and that personal touch is the chief factor battalions and armoured cars) are still in successful co-operation. In foreign: stationed in the North of Ireland. countries soldiers are taught flying. Owing to unsettled conditions in Ire With us, fliers are taught soldiering. land and in other parts of the world, The Army and the RAF are working this is the first year since the Armistice loyally to make this system work, and in which progressive training for the great progress has been made during the Army has been possible, and the military hand, have effected a compromiss. The experience has been gained. The young the crucible of the Great War, have at-
training season. The Navy, on the other authorities have been confronted with the Fleet ais arm of the future will contain who sec visions are looking forward to tained a general level higher than any problem of restoring the Expeditionary 50 per cent. of sen officers who fly, and a future when the issues between nations knowa by the prescat generation, with Force to its pre-war efficiency. spread of foot-and-mouth disease upset 50 per cent. of air officers who learn the will be determined neither by sen forces out producing any single outstanding the whole of their arrangements for train work of seamen. The suggestions nor by land forces, but by air forces, personality with a large personal follow- Partner now on the way out to inn over unfamiliar ground, but her been made to me that it would be advan- My personal belief is that such developing. The result is good. The Army of having witnessed the amended protageous to establish an Army air arm on ments are not, yet. in sight, by reason, to-day if not one of followers of Paul promptly similar lines. Active airmen must be of the limited range of aircraft. If or of Apollos-as I have known it on oc the East would be pleased to frame, which was pretty substituted youthful. How can a career be provided they are expected, the bost preparation casions during the past 10 years-bit of that the change was a blessing in dis- for them in later years unless the list for them will be to maintain Fleet and followers of the Service first, come what discuss matters personally with anise, excepting, perhaps, to the 4th is avarloaded with senior officers, and ap. Army air arms, easily combined with the may in the way of personal advancement. As a result, I have never known a time Division, which has not been handled pointments created for them? The young Air Force in a single instrument..
The Army Exercises of 1924 have when advancement has gone more by Firm of Good Standing.
as a whole. The detailed work that has sex officers in the Fleet air arm rejoin been carried out in handling new who the Navy, and find a career therein. The stimulated thought throughout the Army merit. The present-day British Army is pons and assimilating new lessons, tacsame principle would apply in an Army about such matters as those to which I a Service which men of all classes can tical and administrative, has to my mind air arm, and the flow of promotion on have referred. If, in conclusion, I may join with benefit to themselves, always been an essential preliminary to more the R.A.F. list would be further assured. venture to strike a personal note and provided that the present movement for ambitious work, even though much of it. Presumably this and other suggestions express my opinion about its presont ensuring an after-career for the soldier has been carried out over familiar will receive due consideration when more leaders. I consider that these, having is supported by the nation and developed
emerged with enhanced reputations fromd by successive Governments. ground.
(Continued on ezt column.)
(1450
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