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DR. SUN'S NEW CONS FITU-the Counter-Revolution and to propagate
||
tion.
Article a-The citizens of a coupleta self-governing sien shall have
(a) the right to elect officials by direct
vote;
(b) the right to recall oficials by
direct vate:.
་་
· MASKEE-DIE MEN."
THE FORMIDABLE GYMNASTS OF
Twelve
MA LIANG.
hundred
(e) the right far initiate legislative followers of
measures by direct vote; and (d) the right to decide on legislative
voic.
HAND-TO-AND-
The
the Principles of the Revolution. TION FOR CHINA.
Articles 8 to 18. explain the object of the period of Political Tutelage which
of
famous the PROGRESS BY STAGES.
is to guide the people in the Construc
General Ma Liang,
of (1) MILITARY DICTATORSHIP; (2) tive work of the Revolution. In the first place with the Hsien (District) as the
Commissoner "Disfence formerly FOLITICAL TUTELAGE.
Self-Governor Unit, efforts shall be con-
the most Rol
of 01 CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT TO tentrated to remodel along modern lines its political and economic life so as to
measures referred to them by direct Tsinanfu
loyal of Tann (bi Jui's followers; have COME AFTERWARDS.
las Armly the foundation of the people's
Article 19,- When Self-Government left for Sungkiang. They have been Thus Self- Dr. Sun Yat Sen, regarding the Pro-political power. Next, this work shall be visional Constitution adopted after the extended to the Province. Revolution to have been rendered an Gernment will became a genuine thing commeners in a elsien, the value of
net as shock troops against the imputent document "has issued another nd the people, different from the so-called private-owned and within its entire without employment since the Chihli- "Constitution for the Construction of Self-Government under the cloak of which territory shall be assessed by each Jand-f Anfu War of 12. General Ma's men China," which is reproduced below, from the scrupulous practice feudal rule owner reporting the value of his own will the Canton fozette, prefaced by a state. With the establishment of Local Self-land. The indal tiovernment will impose Kinuesú Fukien army which is about to Government, the organization of the taxation on the basis of the owner's ment by Dr. '.Sun.
State can be perfected. And the people, valuation, and may at any time acquire launch an offensive against Sungkiang STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT SUS. with their local political training such land by payment on that basis. The in an effort to oast Marshal Lu Yung
ported, any subsequent increase in valus The sole achievement of the Revolution participate in the administration of value of the land having been onee Hsiang froud Shanghai. In the delight- froin 1911 up to the present time in the pational affairs,
Article 19 and the following articles due to political progress or social adfu pidgin phrase they are known as tha name of the Republic. From the stand-
General Ma Liang is uae of the most point of national interest, China has not state the necessary conditions and pro-vancement shall inure to the benefit of Maske-Di Men" and they deserve advaderd to the position of quality cedure whereby the period of Political the people of the Eision and not of the it
From the stand Tutelage emerges into that of Constitu- owner.
Article -The annual land taxes, the affable and delightful of Chinese milk- among the Nations. point of the people's interest, no progress tional Rule
In sum, this Constitution of Connereas in jand values, the produce from tarists. iu bis samen in Tsinantu be has been made in political and economic development. Moreover, the danger of struction begins with the removal of public lands, the revenass derived from used to entertain visitors with a pork- dissension and disintegration grows from obstacles and ends with, the completion mountains, forests, rivers, and lakes, and less Mohammedan feast and then take day to day. It is therefore an impera of the work of construction, al in such the profits from mines and water-powerth to the drill grounds, where his to be devoted to the development of local rucking, back-breaking wrestling and tive necessity to ascertain the causes and systematic order as to permit no deviaall these belong to the local government suldiers would go through hours of nerie to find a remedy.
As Revolution involves destruction of public enterprise, to child welfare, to Chinese gymnastic exhibitions.
breaking of heavy willstones, on the The object of the Revolution is to put into practice the Three Principles of the an unusual character, so it must be folid-age pensions, to institutions for the climax of the entertainment would be the People. But methods and procesare lowed with Construction also of unusual poor, to hospitals for the sick. to the beads his braves wish, enormous sledige hammer. The millstones always broke; With the experience of the relief of public ealamities, and to other must be devised for carrying them out. character.
Article 12-Where ourside capital is the head remained intact, although how Whether the Three Principles can reach suffering of the past thirteen years, it public needs. the People and confer benefit upon them should be clear that the rights and hap- depends on the methods and procedure piness of the people should be secured required for the opening up and develop any head could stand beneath the weight pursued. Realizing this, even in the days to reality nail not in name. If this Con-ment of sieu's natural resources or of the stone was short of miraculous.
Ma Liang's men need no ride, hurts, prior to the 1911, Revolution, while prostitution of Construction is adhered to great industrial and commercial enter pagating the Three Principles. I also then the Reactionary forces would beprises beyond the empacity of local
A sword or two.. sletermined the methods and procedure cinated during the period of Military capital, the Central Government shall cartridges. la fact, when they becues. for carrying them out. The work of the Dictatorship and democratic rule would come to the assistance of the Local Gov-soldiers, they did not use such imple Revolution was, to be divided into there be instituted during the period of Foliernment and the net profits derived from unents of warfare
Already the people, the undertaking shall be shared equally spear, a lance, a bayonet, perhaps a lead- periods, namely military dictatorship: tical Tutelage.
enemy to kill at short range. These men political tutelage and constitutional rule though nominally not yet having Con between the Central and the Local Goved pole and the soldier rushes on the
Article 1-Each Hsien shall contri
are not mereenaries in the sense that they in the hop that it might be pursued and stitutional Rule, would enjoy real rights.rununts.
and happiness, far different from what completed according to programme.
Before the 1911 Revolution, whenever they now experience under rulers who talk bute a certain proportion of its total fight for mongy: they fight for the joy of constitutions but act like tyrants, annual revenues towards the mainten of the battle and even in the sham wars, the Revolutionaries took up arms. statement of the Principles and the pro-loreover, progress into the next stage of ance of the Central Government-such when the two-sworded marksman rushed ness of the impeded stroke. A step fur gramme of Construction was always made Constitutional Rule would be along a proportion to be determined every year on his bed-fellow, one gasped at the close public for the information of the Re-safe road with no danger of stumbling, by the National Representatives of the
012 th sands of the Tsinanfu drill volutionary workers and the people at Both in the interest of the people and of people, the minimum being ten per cent. ther and a few heads would have colled
Article 14.-Ench Hsien after its estab
ground. large.
The 1911 Revolution overthrew the Republic, no better method can be and the maximum üfty per cent,
During the Chibli-Anfu, war, the story within a few months the Monarchical devised. The Government solemnly de- form of Government of forty centuries clares that henceforth wherever its juris lishaent of self-government shall be and the Manchu conquerors' rule of 260 diction extends, all those under the entitied to elect one Representative togors, an American returned student was suggested that if the soldiers wore rubber years. It, therefore, cannot be leaied authority of this Government shall make the National Congress to participate in employed by Ma Liang as an advisor. He Article 15-Every candidate for elec shoes, they might creep-up to the Tehchow that its destructive fores was great. But it their sole duty to put into practics the Administration of National Affairs.
or appointment for Central or arsonal during the night and capture- it. up to the present. not even a beginning this. Constitution for, the Construction of
bis Mohammeilans set off to capture an has we made in carrying out the Three the Republic.
The Constitution of twenty-five Articles Local public office must be passed by the So golosies were purchased and Ma and
Central Examination Board. Principles This is due to failure to
is as follows:
Arttele 16-When all the Hsiens in arsenal. A train was seized, the soldiers proceed with the pre-determined pro
THE CONSTITUTION.
Province shall have attained the status landed at Tehchow and in the course of gramme of Construction, after the des For. tructive work of the Revolution.
Article 1-The National Government of complete self-government, the Con-the evening took the arsenal. When Tuan without passing through the period of
of shall undertake the Construction of the stitutional period shall be inaugurated, Chi Jui was driven from Peking and Military Dictatorship the forces
be crushed Republic of China according to the Re- and the National Congress shall elect a the Anfa generals were defeated, Ma Counter-Revolution "cannot
As and wondering what to do about it. and the Revolutionary Principles canno volution's Three Principles of the People Governor as Superintendent of self-Liang was holding the Tehchow argenal garda the Affairs of National Adminis Eventually, he and his men retired to the be disseminated among the people so as and Five Power Constitution of Govern government for that Province.
to power to secure their sympathy and approval. rent.
Article The first essential of Contration within such Provings the Gaver vicinity of Tsingtau, where they waited And without passing through the period
and win back the government for the It is doubtful. of Political Tutelage, the great majcstruction in the Principle of Existence of nor shall act under instructions from the for "Litt Hau to return
Article 17.-During this period, the gh minster, Tuan. rity of the people having long been held the People of Socialism. Hence regard Central Government. under bondage do not know how to acting their four great necessities food, after their andden emancipation, either clothing, housing, and locomotion-the principle of equal division of powers be whether the men know anything about adhering to their old habit of pulitical Government shall co-operate with the tween the Central and Local Govern-public or monarchy or politics or inactivity or leaning the tools of others people: (a) in the development' of agriments shall be puraned. All affairs of constitution. They know that a Liang and thereby falling unknowingly into culture in order to ensure an ample food National character shall be assigned their master and that he worships the bands of the Counter-Revolutionaries.supply; (b) in the development of the to the Central Government, and those of Tan Chi Jui.
Ma Lixig wrote a long series of books in the former case, the drawback is that textil industries in order to provide ade a local character, to the Local Govern the destructive work of the Revolutionquate clothing; (e) in the wholesale con-nunt, the tendency being towards neither
In the struction of houses of varied types to Centralization nor Decentralization.
Article 18 The Hsien is the unit of on Chinese gymnastics, which he claims is not thoroughly performed. latter case, the drawback is that the conrevide comfortable homes; and (d) in
tween the Central Government and the the European systems. All his soldiers structive work of the Revolution cannot the building of roads and canals to self-government. The Provines stands be. are superior to both the Japanese and
facilitate travel-
before they know anything about a rife. proceed.
Article 3.The second essential is the Haien and acts as the connecting link legen to handle ancient Chinese weapons Article 19-At the beginning of the They fight with their. fats if they have Principle of Sovereignty of the People between them. or Democracy. Hence the "Government sirall advance the political education and Constitutional period, the Central Gor-nothing else to fight, with. They seem ta capacity of the people in order to guideernment shall complete the establishment be able to stand, the most terrific hard- them in the exercise of::
(a) the right to vote; (b) the right of Recall; (e) the right of Initiative; (d) the right of Referendum.
Article 4.The third essential is the Principle of Nationhood of the People or Nationality. Henes the Government
The 1911 Revolution precipitately drew up the Provisional Constitution, in the belief that thereby the foundation of the Republic could be made secure but the result has been exactly the reverse. After the Provisional Constitution had been put into force with no apparent benefit to the Republic and with even the gradual total loss of its validity, people began to criticise it as a defective instru- "ment and turned their efforts to the pre paration and adoption of a Permanent Constitution in the belief that the defects of the Provisional Constitution might shall support the weaker and minor races
and
Self- thereby be remedied. This show a de- within the State so as to enable them to fective appreciation of the root of the exercise self-determinatigu trouble. The trouble is die not to the government. Externally the Government defects of the Provisional Constitution, shall resist the aggressive and militariste but to the attemaps to enter upon the Powers and at the same time revise tha Constitutional period without going treaties with the various Powers with a through the periods of Military Dictator view to securing China's status as a
equal and independent member in the ship and Political Tutelage.
Since the promulgation of the Pro- Family of Nations. visional Constitution in the First Year
Article 5-The Programme of Con-
(a) the period of Military Distator-
ship;
tine
INCHED TO ALL HARDSHIPS.
of the following five Yuan to test the ships. Of course, if the secret must out, system of the Five-Power Government:
(a) the Executive Yuan;
(b) the Legislative Yuan; (e) Judiciary Yuan,
(d) the Examination Yuan; (e) the Censors" Yuan. Article 20-Ender the Executive Yuan shall be established for the time being the following Departments:
panty of them are of Boxer families, and some of them still believe themselves in- vincible. These men will prove very use- fal to Marshal Lu unless the Kiangsu big guns mow them down at long dis tance before they have a chance to grap- ple with the gunners. It is one of the his being a military man, he writes ex- quisite Chinese characters and "in Tainan- boasts of General Ma that in spite of
fu, when he managed the city, many shops bore signs which he had, inscribed. Before his beard became grey, perhaps and from worry over having no fighting to do, it was tinged with that peculiar red Com-which one sees among the Chinese from
(a) Department, of the Interior (b) Department of Foreign Affairs; (e) Drpartment of War; (4) Department of Finance; (P)Department of Agriculturo
'Mines;
(f) Department of Labour and
merce:
Kansu. In, 1 word, General. Ma, although a native of Chibli, is of that mixed. Turko-Chinese stock which, fought against Genghis Khan and under him when the Mongols, conquered most of the world. He is still fighting.—3 20. Daily News,
SHAMEEN'S
:
GRATITUDE TO
ย
(R) Department of Education; (h) Department of Communications. Article 21.-Before the promulgation of the Republie the forces of the Counter.struction shall consist of three periods:
of the Constitution, the Presidents of the Revolution have not only not diminish
various Yaans shall be appointed and ed but have utilised it in furtherance of
(b) the period of Political tutelage;
dismissed by the President of the Repub- their misdeeds, and finally destroyed it
(e) the Constitutional period. altogether. The great majority of the
Article During the period of Mili-lic and shall be under his supervision.
Article The Constitution shall be people, meanwhile, have not reflected on
The drafted by the Legislative Yuan in ac-
THE DAIRY FARM. the bearing of the Provisional Constitu- tary Dictatorship, all institutions shall tion to their own interests; they have be under Military Government.
The Dairy Farta, Tee and Cold Storago shown no danger against those who have Government shall, on the one hand, ase cordance with this Constitution for Con- violated is and no joy towards those who force to remove internal obstacles, and, struction of the Republic, and based on have tried to uphold it. It is clear there on the other, shall propagate its Prin- the results achieved during the period of
through the ciples and enlighten the people so as to Political Tutelage and the Constitutional Co., Ltd., have received the following period. The draft shall be published letter from the Chairman of the Shameen fore that without a Dictatorship and hasten National Unification.
Shamees, Municipal Council two periods of Military
Article 7.-Whenever settled conditions from time to time. for the information Municipal Council:
(British Concession), Political Tutelage, it is impossible for
Council Room, October 7th, 1994. the Provisional Constitution to estaby prevail throughout the territory of any of the people and for their final conside Article Z-When a majority of the lish its validity. The only Organic Law one Province, Political Tutelage shall ration and adoption.
Provinces of the country reach the com-To The Dairy Farm, Iec & Cold
Storage Co., Ltd., to maintain the Republic since its estab- begin and Military Dictatorship shall
Hongkong. lishment has been the Provisional Con-end in that. Province.
Article 8-During the period of Poli-mencement of the Constitutional period, stitution; yet this is an impotent doen- ment. Is it any wonder, then, that there tical Tutelage, the Government shall ap- that is, when Self-Government is com trained and qualified by pletely established with those Provinces. a National Congress shall be convoked has been lawlessnces and national cala point men
examination to every Hsien (district) to mity?
Having this mind, this Government be- assist the people in preparing for self to adopt and promulgate the Constitu- Article 24-After the promulgation of heves that it is the duty of the Revolu- government. A Haien shall be consider-tion. tion to continue the unfinished task begun ed a complete self-governing Hsien after:
(a) a census of its entire population (the Constitution, the Powers of the Cen- tral Government shall be exercised by in 1911 and to profit by the mistakes of
has been taken; the past. That is, the Revolution hence-
(b) a complete land survey has been the National Congress, that is, the National Congress shall have the right to
The Council wish me to invite your forth shall devote its energy not only to..
made; wards destruction but also towards con-
elect and recall officials of the Central Government and shall also have the attention to the able work done by your struction, and, morcover, aball lay down a definite programme.
rights of Initiative and Referandum re- Local Manager, Mr. T. G. Stokes, who Waranged the distribution of food, which garding National Legislation":
Article 25-Constitutional rule shall was, we can assure you, no light tank.
There seems little doubt that among (c) the people of the Haien having be completely established from the day of
been trained to exercise the four the promulgation of the Constitution, the results, achieved, may be counted a political rights as contained in and the People of the entire country shall demonstration of the solidarity of Sha
The Article 3 discharged their duties hold a great National Election in ne meen againat such efforts of coercion.
Please accept apologies for the lateness. as citizens, and sworn to carry cordance with the Constitution,
With this end in view, the National Government's Constitution for the con- struction of the Republic consisting of 25 articles, has been framed as the Funda mental Law of the Revolution.
Articles 1 to 4 deal with the Principles and meaning of the Revolution.
Article and the articles following set forth the methods and procedure of Carrying out these. Principles.
Articles 8 and 7 state the objects of the period of Military Dictatorship which are the sweeping away of the forces of
(c) an efficient constabulary force has
been established;
(d) main roads traversing the length and breadth of its territory, have been constructed; and
DEAR SIR-I have the pleasure on behalf of the Council and the Shameen scase of obligation and gratitude for the Ratepayers to convey to you their deep facilities afforded by your Shameen The placing of your resources at the Branch during the recent strike.. disposal of the community was az act which was much appreciated.
...
out the Revolutionary Principles National Government shall resign three of this letter due to pressure of the after- become entitled to elect their own months after the Election and hand over math of Municipal business-I am, Dear, Magistrate as Chief Administrator the Government to the elected Govern- Sirs, Yours faithfully,
(Sgd.) R, M. CROSSE, Lt. Col and to elect Legislators to enactment. The task of Construction shall laws for the Hsien,
then have been achieved.
Chairman,