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INVAL
DR.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, AUGUST 28TH, 1924
MACKENZIE'S INVALID STOUT
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oved by the Government · Analyst's Examination to be ABSOLUTELY PURE
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QUARANTINE IN THE FAR EAST.
PLANS FOR UNIFORM REGULA-
*TIONS.
The following paper on
Quarantine Problems in the Far East," read by Dr. Wu Lien-teh, the famous investigator of bubonic plague, at the Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Conference in Hono. lulu this month, has been sent us for
· publication":---
f.
The need of a uniform quarantine pro- redure throughout the Far East, nay the Pacific, grows in importance, as com munications become more frequent be- tween the several countries concerned. This holds as good for food conservation us for human traffic. For a long time interested health officers working in the Pacific regions have watched with dis- may the multitudinous laws affecting internation, health. Such laws, while anduly severe in some advanced eaun- tries, are altogether, absent in others, Hence shipping companies, trade or ganisations and individual travellers have at que time or another suffered on the one hand from laxity of health regula tions leading to unnecessary infeation and sometimes even death, and on the other from an over-rigid at times purely theoretical system resulting in pagic and often entire stoppage of human and com- mercial intercourse over vast areas. The International Sanitary Convention of Paris (1911-12), even with its revised suggestions (1993), deals with "only one side of the problem, namely, the protee tion of Europe from the East. Again, such a disease as plague is treated as a human instead of a rodent, infection.
The establishment of the Health Sec- tion of the League of Nations with head- quarters at Geneva has been justly ac claimed as a move in the right direction and the visit af a Health Commission to the Far East under Dr. Normas White in the early months of 1923 is a welcome. sign that international health has indeed received the attention that it deserves. For it is obvious that in order to obtain the maximum of benefit for all countries the problem of international hygiene must be, treated in the same way as communal hygiene. in other words each unit (in this case a country) should render its best so that the whole may succeed.
CONDITION IN CHINA,
Owing to the possible interference with routine, commercial activitica by the en forcement of quarantine laws in times of epidemic, it has often happened that reports of outbreaks among the popula tion of one part are not sent to other ports, thus resulting in unnecessary spread of the disease. Within recent years there have been a number of until too late to prevent its spread by occasions when cholers was not "reported. steamers to other porte, ▲ mutual exchange of notes between responsible health officers will obviate this danger.
The most important ports of China, where quarantine hospitals, properly equipped with full time medical officers should be but have not yet been estab lished, are Canton. Swatow, Amoy, Han- kow and Cheloo. The expenditure at each place of Tis. 50,000 for construction and equipment and Tis. 20,000 for annual running expenses will be sufficient. The model of Newchwang may be followed with any modification necessary to suit local conditions. In the absence epidemios, part of the hospital may be used, for general cases, thus keeping the staff occupied. Health propaganda work should always be undertaken by the stuff. for foreign patients should be provided.
of
The Chinese Government have often been blamed for not providing the necessary facilities for meeting such many nationalities, each with its pom eventualities. In the presence of so plex laws, and tue limited powers of the Chinese executive, this blame is not always deserved. The time has arrived, steps to be taken, to remedy this long in the opinion of the writer, for some.
standing evil.*;
To study the quarantine situation in Chica herself I have therefore proposed that a quarantine commission be appoint. ed consisting of one representative from: a. Minister of Interior (Nei Wu Pu),
Peking.
b. Minister of Foreign Affairs (Wai
Chino Pu). Peking
A
c. Chinese Maritime Customs. -
d. United Foreign Chambers of Com-
merce in China.
c. International Health Board of Rocke-
feller Foundation.
United Chinese Chambers of Com-
merce in China,
This commission should visit the ports in question, study conditions at cach place and recommend not only the estab lishment of such hospitals as may be required, but, also stndy the financial hessive a scheme us possible may be par aspect, so that as equitable and compre ried out without delay.
Next, the Report of the Commission should be submitted to the Central Gor- ernment as well as to the Diplomatic Corps in Peking, and also the Health Committee of the League of Nations for approval and action.
PROPOSED FAR EASTERN HEALTH SERVICE
For the promotion of this high ideal no country will co-operate with greater zeal than China. Handicapped by the thoughts and practices of a 4.000 year-old efviliza- tion, her modern public health officials have often had to fight a hard battle, but the task will be easier if abe receives encouragement - and co-operation from neighbouring countries possessing mage complete organisations. Of the five dar- gerous communicable disease, to wit typhus, bubonic plague, chotern, small-pox the League of Nations to adopt Dr. Nor- The recent decision of the Council of and yellow fever, the firelsis principally man White's recommendation of a Far fourd in the northern-most provinces, hut Eastern Central Epidemiological Intel- only in a mild form; babonic plague is ligence Bureau at Singapore will assist confined to the two coastal provinces of my scheme by embodying all countries Fukien and Kwangtung: cholera is often of the Far East. A detailed description non-existent small-pox is almost univer of this proposed Bureau will be found sally endemic: while yellow fever has in Dr. White's Report to the League of never been known to exist. The eradica-Nations submitted recently to the Health tion of small-pox has been making con- Committee (Geneva 1023). A short sum- siderable headway during the last few mary of its functions may not be out of years by extensive propaganda and free place here:- vaccination among the masses. The cou trol of bubonic plague still awaits proper co-operation between the Chinese and neighbouring governments. The terrors of cholera have largely disappeared since Roger's treatment with hypertonic saline solution, which in our hands has saved 85 per cent of the most severe cases. There is not much need to fear yellow fever, since it is a rapidly disappearing diacanci tbanks to the immortal researches of Walter Reed. Carroll, Agramonte, Gor- gas, and Noguchi Lastly, the origin of pneumonic plague, that most feared of all known diseases, has now been definite, ly traced to the Siberian marmot, and wo express & hope that the temporary understanding between the Soviet medi- cal organisation and our Service may soon culminate in a permanent agreement for the mutual protection of the two great republics, and therefore of the world.
To summarise them, if all, emigrants from China are properly vaccinated against smallpox at their point, of de- parture, the only discase which may be considered. of international importance is bubonic plague, and the principal port from which this is conveyed in Hong- kong- No standard yet exists for the treaty ports of China by which one locality may exchange quick reports with the other for mutual protection. In order to clarify mattera, a brief summary of the prescat quarantine problem in this country may be given.
ing infectious disease.
1. Receive cabled information regard-
Receive weekly reports of epidemie disease.
pected according to information.
3. Classify ports as infected, or sus-
4. Distribute weekly bulletins.
outside the Far East.
5. Exchange information with countries
fected ships.
6. Report arrival and departure of in-
"
information.
7. Supply any other necessary health
}
First
invited to join this scheme are: British The countries and dependencies to be India, Ceylon, Federated Malay States and Straits Settlements, Dutch Indies, Siam, French Indo-China, Branei, British North Borneo, Timor Dilly, Philippine Islands,, Hongkong, Macao, Formosa, Japan, Korea, China and the Treaty Ports, and, less directly, Austra lia and New Zealand.
Another interesting suggestion in Dr. White's Report refers to the grading of porta isto First, Second and Third Class, The essentinis of a First Class Port_are:-
1. Presence of qualified and adequate bealth staff.
2. Adequate apparatus for fumigation of large vessels at noctor.
3. Trained staff for capture and scrutiny of rats.
4. Suitable quarantine station for deck ромениста.
6. Adequately equipped laboratory. 6. Infectious Diseases Hospital.
The Chinese Maritime Customs have, since the introduction of quarantine laws in China, been the sole authority in the
7. A safe and adequate water supply. appointment of port health officers. Thei
8. Machinery for dealing with vital latter are usually busy foreign local diseases, including dangerous communic medical practitioners, who as a rule do able diseases. not examine any vessel until epidemictions excepts and diacase threatens or invades the locality.
A Second Class Port has all qualifica
With the exception of Woosung, Tsing- A Third Class Port is one not included
tao, Dairen, Newchwang, Harbin and among the shove Antung, no quarantine hospitals yet exist, The remarks I have made above are though port health officers are appointed. rather sketchy, but it is hoped that they Although the Commissioner of Customs may stimulate discussion from my learn- of each port, as representative of the ed colleagues so that the Pacific may fox Inspector General of Customs, is nominal time be truly so in health' as well na ally responsible for its safety and as such in peace.
}
WHITE TUINS BLACK.
issues instructions to the Port Health Officer, yet before any quarantine re- gulations may be enforced against any vessel fiying a foreign flag, the permis sion of the local consular body must be black has been discovered at Hull (Eng- A mysterious case of a man turning obtained according to Treaty. Should land). The victim is Mr. Shilito, of any adverse vote he given by any consul, Sykes Street, a tall, woll-built man with these laws cannot be enforced. Some fair hair. His face, neck, and hands are times considerable delay is caused by a slate-grey colour, during the day, and reference to the respective Ministers at night they turn completely black is Plenipotentiary in Peking or to the forearms and chest are a dark-lead Diplomatic Body as a whole. In times of colour, and be suffers from anns and urgent stress, as in cholera or plague dizziness. Specialists in skin diseases can epidemics, such a procedure is suicidal do nothing for him. The only similar from a health point of view. Besides, the quarantine laws of different countries are.
cuse, reported to the doctors is that of a man who, after consorting with black- not the same and often lead to serious men for some years, turned black and re misunderstanding when applied.
mained black for two years.
A delightful comedy drams with just enough laughs, just enough drama, just enough thrills, just enough romance and just mough mystery to girs you one of the most enjoyable evening's entertainments you ever had. THAT'S
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PALMS "
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the most surprising secret the sweetest grandmother over the mast thrilling fire scenes ever sormened inast exciting search you ever witnessed
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ALSO
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