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TEL. C. No. 135.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, JULY 16TH, 1924
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JAPAN'S LABOUR TROUBLES.
To many who have read of Japan's recent labour troubles as well as to many who are affected by them, they appear, Hike, any other modern products of Japan, to be an indifferen: imitation of Occidental modris, alys the Japa Chronicle. Strikes take place. more
often than not, among comparatively well-paid classes of employés, and with- out, apparently, any immediate cauer. Coming, as strikes have done, since the Great War-for pre-war strikda were few and not symptoniatis of any general ten- dency-it is remarked that strikers ar aften ren who, while getting more pay than before, have become decidedly less diligent at their work, and the "phrase "deterioration of thought." xa often used to justify reactionary measures, occurs, to mind as an explanation of the combination of discontentand in efficiency. It pointed out that strikes, by raising the cost of production, "deprive Japan of the position she obtained in the world's markets during the war. "But it is equally pointed out in any country where strikes take place that they are driving business abroad. The strikers retort that there is such a thing as elhciency in management as well as in workmanship and that there is very little economic difference between going slow and work- ing short time or between a strike and. temporary closing-down, and that one method of reducing natput is just ag much sabotage as another.
theprincipal features of the recent Atrikes have been the demand for the reenguition of the unions, and the tunad for a discharge allowance.
In the prcent strike at the Dunlop works. Mr. Kagawa, of the "Federation of Labour, went to the works as a volun- j tary mediator. Needless to say, "his offers were constrously declined. The event 'was one of some importance in
Inet.
iL very
the "history of Japanese Inbour develop
Mr. Kagawa holds peculiar position in the Japanese prole. tariat. which regards him with an almost fanatical devotion, hail to many of them a refusal to negotiate, with Kagawa is like raising the infidel standard in a holy war. However, it can hardly be expected that a manufacturing" concern shild acknowledge the authority of popular, leader who had no connection with their affairs, whatever might be
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the general, sentiment regarding his in-NEW and Airy Office BOOMS OF GROUND. Buonce and character. It is possible, however, that, owing to the peculiar Can be näol as Bank, Commercial or Motor Car position that Mr. Kagawa nccupies, the Offices. Rent Moderate. develojumst of Labour polítics in Japan will follow a course different from that in the countries, and that labour disputes will be rettled not between the strikers and their employers, „orgver between the strikers' trade union and the P.&O. employer but will be siirected and negotiated by the Federation of Lahqur. Up to the present the Federation is fur from possessing such overwhelming "ht its influence grows, while that of the independent trade sanions re mains smalls, and there is apparently, in increasing tendency to seek the sup- port of the Federation.
power,
As for the immediate disputes, higher wages are, of course, in the forefront of the demands, When we consider the vircumstances, it is surprising that
| Japanese labour ghas not been much more troublesome than it is. Since Japan went in for the factory system there have never been really" hard times. Even now, it is nearly always possible to go,biek k the land. should work fail. The ex- periences of the war have, taught the workers that they can generally get more by demanding it, and will not starve even if they fail so it is something of a sporting adventure to go on strike few, no doubt, feel the struggle seriously enough, but there is as yet none of the grimness of the fight that is seen in com- pletely industrialised countries, where the workers are up against the periodic overstorking of markets and the lack of
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very notable feature of the Japanese demands is that for a "leaving "allow. In this the Japanese workers are in many ways ahead of their aVestern confreres. The nightmare of indus trialised countries is the ever-present
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risk af, being turned off at week's zulice because of hard times. That he cannot go on working at a loss in the apitalist's irrefutable excuse for, dis- charges in bad times, but, as has often been pointed out, he does not turn bis hortes out into the street difmutly it does. not pay to keep them. The worker under the factury system in, in this rea The worse off than the seif under the feudal
system, and the feudal system in Japan is still remembered as a very hard time, but not an insegure one. Workers in Western countries have 'secured inst- ance against sickness, and other deni tives, but have recognised that the capitalist has some reason in bis conten- tiền that he cannot employ hands when there is insufficient demand for goods. When the point comes where hande are discharged, the manufacturer has gene. rally sustained A considerable loss already, by hanging on in the hope that tree wil improve and that the improve- went will and him with a complete plant and stuff in working order. The der mands of Japanese workers, are often for several uphthy pay in the event of dis- charge through hind finde, and there have ofted her unspent horen profits that have cuablet a employers in pay such allowances. But it is obvious that, whatever may be the agreement made, the employen, if he has kept his hands In as long as he possibly can, in the hopes of improved business, will not, el it comes to the worst, be able to hay tay leaving allowance at all. It ha, indeed, happened ut factories on the verge of bankruptcy have closed, and the workers have simply had to go with out. It is obvious that, if leaving allow anges on the generous scale, demanded. ed to be the rifle,"there must be a fairly large reserve capital' devoted specially to this oljeet. This will make a much | higher capitalisation' of factories neces
sary, and must rpict on wages, or else against Japan's industrial development. The demand is, after, the question of the Labour development, and the process of authority of the Feileration of Tahone, finding a solution will be watched with
(Continued at foot of next column). great interent.
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