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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, MAY 27TH, 1924
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COMING APPROACH, OF
MARS.
WHAT WE KNOW OF OUR NEIGHBOUR.
On August 3rd next Mars will make one of its clusest," approaches to the earth within the present century, The twa planets will be separated by about 35,000,000 miles, which is cosmically speaking, & mere trie
THE THINGS WHICH ARE
BAD.
CHINA'S CREDE CHOICE IN WESTERN CIVILISATION. TAGORE ON EASTERN" LAZINESS.
On the advice of his physician, Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, has cancelled all his public and private engagements and after his last lecture at the Chen Kwang Every two years and two months Mars Theatre, he left for the Western Hills. Speaking before the largest crowd he is inopposition" to the sun-that is to say the sun, the earth, and Mars ara has yet had in Peking, the poet took as in a straight line, with the earth in this subject, “Judgment." He said that the European War, which spread all centre. The planet then rises, at sunset. crosses the meridian at midnight, and over the world, showed not as it was ex- sets at sunrise; and for some months be plained, that it was caused from the out- fore and after these oppositions the side but rather that its cause was in the inside and that Europe was suffering planes is a prominent object in the night from a dancerous growth within her own sky and is carefully watched by astro- nomers located in various parts of the nature. earth.
So far as distance is concerned, how- ever, all oppositions of Mars are not equally favourable. As we all know, the carth's orbit is not a circle but an ellipse, and our world, is, as a matter of fact, three million miles neargr to the sun at mid-winter the at midsunnière" fact which, by the way, mitigates the heat of our northern summers and the cold of our northern winters. The orbit of Mars is considerably more elliptical than ours and its distance from the sun has greater range of variation. Now it is evident that the earth and Murs come nearest when Mars is nt a point of its orbit near to and the earth at point fne from the in. On the whole, an op- position of Mars is favourable, so far as distance is concerned, if it occurs in July or August, and unfavourable if it falls in January or February. There are, however, so far as we in the northern hemisphero are concerned, other factors to be considered. When Mars comes to opposition in late summer it is traversing the lower zodiacal constellations and does pot rise above the horizon, while in late winter it rides high, in the sky and is actually more easily picked up by the casual star-gazer than on the occasion of the favourable oppositions of late sum
UTC
ay
A SUNDRY WORLD.
Therein ay Asia's opportunity. It de pends upon. Asia to exercise, judgment in what she takes from the West, jug ment in this case, being a discrim nation as to what the Fast can assimilate, with
rejecton of what it cannot.
to the present time said De Tagore, this judgment had been wenk and hence it came about that not only have Westerners attempted to foist Wes tern things upon the Orient, but Eastern- ers themselves have tried it, and here in China we saw the suspension of judg ment or rather, the non-exercise of it. Wo saw the Chinese who have made some of the most beautiful things in the world, remarkable craftsmen, remarkable artists, showing utter erudity in their choice of Western objects of art and of Western Earniture: thus exemplifying in modern China à laziness and apathy which is in- civilized, and which helps to devastato China.
There has also been in the East, said the speaker, a suspension, or rather a non-exercise of moral judgment. All of this must stop. The East must say to: the West, "You may force us to use your things, but we will judge you. Wa refuse to humiliate ourselves any longer efore your shrines of wealth and strength. We have done the West great injustice beculse we have not given it of cur best. We have not seen the great in the West because we have not seen" the great in ourselves.
1
Mars turns on its own axis in 24 hours minutes 21 seconds. Its day is there
At the same time, so far as the earth as a whole iconerned, these near ap proaches are very favourable, and the astronomers farther south will have the opportunity of seeing Mars at its closest when the dise is at its maximum of a fore only about 40 minutes longer than parent size.
ours. In addition, the axis is tilted to the plane of the planet's orbit by almost the same amount us our earth's axis. Consequently the seasonal conditions ars much the same there as here. Only the year is nearly double ours in length 657 days to our 365,-and gach season is about twice as long as its terrestrial counterpart. The question naturally pre." sents itself to us whether the planet is inhabited by any forms of life. Vegetn
know exists there. Do animals? Mars is considerably smaller than to beings akin to man? There aro ques carth. Its diameter is about 4,500 miles tion to which no definite, answer can be and its volume less than two-tenths of returned. All we caft say with cortality that of the earth. Like the earth Mars that there seems no reason why such
a world should not lie inhabited.
Mars is not actually our nearest plane- tary neighbour in spact, as Venus on oc- casion comes as close as 26,000,000 miles. But on these occasions the dark side of Venus turned towards us, and we can see nothing; while Mars, at closest ap. proach, is fully illuminated. As a conse quence vo know much more about Mars than about Venus. Concerning the latter planet, indeed, assured knowledge is very
Blender.
is enveloped in an atmosphere of appre ciable extent and density, but this atmos phere is much clearer and thinner than ours. Compared to our cloud-laden planet, Mars may well be described as world of blue skies and bright sunshine. And this despite the fact that at a dis- tance of about 40 million miles farther from the sun than the earth it receives -considerably less light and heat than we
do.
· 13
The Martian surface has been care- fully scrutinised and charted for about 200 years. The most prominent features of the discare the two round white spots at the north and south poles, which were detected as long ago as 1710. These spots are observed to increase and do crease in accordance with the Martian seasons. Thus in winter in the northern bemisphere the cap is very extensive. As the spring comes the cap shrinks, and by midsummer it is a tiny white point. Indeed, or more than one occasion it has been observed to disappear altogether.. Quite obviously these polar caps are the Arctic and Antarctic snow fields of our neigbhear world. As the caps melt there are usually seen surrounding them broad- blue belts.
These are evidently, open polar seas, formed by the melting of the snows. As a matter of fact these tens porary bodies of water are the only seas! on the Martian surface.
THE CANALK, –
Fog on Mars the Apostolic vision is realised These is no more, sea. The blue-green areas which the earlier ob servers such as Herschel, Maller, Dawes, and Proctor believed to he oceans are nows definitely known to be vegetal in nature: for they change colour and their, Boundarica shift na the seasons progrcas. The reddish ochre portions which form, the greater part of the planet's area are simply deserts-analogous to barren re aims like the Sahara on our own planet, The monotony of the deserts, however, is relieved by the remarkable network of lines crown as the canal system. The more prominent of these cauals were dis covered by the great Italian astronomer, Sehinpa A at the favourable opposition of 1877, and on, subsequent necasions he discovered inany more. Even greater numbers have been detected by Flani- marion, Lowell, Pickering, and other astrologie Still more remarkable than the canals themselves are the oasce," the dark spots at the junctions of two or innre of the ennals.
W
i
The canila Were believed by Schia parelli tu be waterways lined on either sid eby banks of vegetation. Undoubted- ly what we see in the yugetation, for the lines become digfinetly, more prominent. * after the melting of the polar snows during the summer season, and some of the less prominent of them fate out Altogether in the winter season. Con- troversy has raged for years na to the real nature of the network of lines and as to what the canal "system actually significs.
(Continued on next column),
tion wo
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