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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28TH, 1925.
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No. 1
HAMPER—$35.
1 Qt. Superb Tawny Port.
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1 Qt. Martel? XXX Brandy. 2 ta. King Geo. IV or Perfection
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THE PRESS AND THE EMPIRE.
LORD BURNHAM'S REVIEW. -
SPIRIT OF INDEPENDENCE.
The Influenes of the Press on the Development of Empire" was the subject of a paper read by Lord Burnham (of the Daily Telegraph) at a meeting of the Royal Colonial Institute on November 13th, Lord Milner presided,
Lord Burnham said that the freedom of the Press was distinctly British in its origin and in its extension throughout the British world, and without it British free dom would have no meaning and no guar inter. Whatever examples they might find in the archæology of the newspaper Press of early precedents, they were curious rather than useful to the right Raderstanding of the subject, No doubt Heroslotus in a senga was the father of journalism, just as he was the father of history, and Julina Cresar was the first and best of war respondents, especially in hi mode clearness tad compression, Political placed had been, founderit ten on the walls of the houses of Pompeii, and the Acta Diurua were a Farlin. mentary journal of the earliest type. Yes, for practical purposes, in appreciation the influene of the newspaper Press, not only in Great Britain, but throughout the English-speaking world, they need not go back far beyond the opening years of the 18th century and follow it through the saries of Posts and Courants" which were published in quick succession, not only in Londou, but is other big towns and in the larger settlements acres the
Beats
THE "SPECTATOR.".
„ĮKOTACTORATE_OF1 MINORITIES.
I was not only the means of publica- tion which the Pres had as its disposal but what he regarded as unfortunately on the increase, but not less potent in its effect BA the popular judgment—the means of suppression. What was left out of the newspapers might be not less im- Portant than what was put in. The in-. evitable. tendency in cheap newspapers was to give a sentence, often dragged from its context, instead of a speech, or an un- qualified conclusion to represent a quali- fied argument. Then again, the silencing of unpopular and sectional view on public questions by refusal to publish them was an evident danger, although it was only fair to say that it was much less chvious and less likely in the Press than in Parliament. He, held that the Press had been the great protectar of minorities in these days of mob rush and direct action. So long as there was division and variety of ownership the defects and dis abilities of the Press cancelled one another.. By force of competition, provided it was free and uncontrolled, the various inter ests and opinions that existed in a free an f-rospecting.community.lounLex pression, both in editorial articles and correspondence, which they could firiil in no other way.
The health and wealth of the British. Empire depended entirely on the public opinion of its different parts, or, perhaps, to speak more precisely, on its effective expresion. Originally and historically, the newspaper Press of the whole Empire had been built up on a common plan, even though in the case of the Dominion of Canada it might have been altered to American adaptation, but it had the same general characteristics and cherish | ed the same general ideals. The news. papers of Australia and New Zealand The Great Reo and the Protecto wers more English than many of the Eng-") rate gave birth to several papers which ish papers, which had been so largely lasted for sufficient time to merit the alter by American novelties, When name "but he believed that the first daily newspaper men of the British Empire newspaper published in London was themet, it was wonderful how much they had London Post, in 1704. The very data re-in common and bow little difference there called the fact that from the first, the was between them in the things that newspapers of the day hat a literary really mattered. Although the newspaper quality, which had never been absent from of the British Empire might not be
Addison, English journaliser.
in the standardized, the standard of conduct Spectator, and Richard Steele. in the and production was fairly even, and every Tatler, anticipated in many ways the year the necessity for common action in periodicals and weeklies of our own time regard to news service and public recog in the delightful essays on men and nition increased and widened. He belier- things, which were so distinctive and d that nothing would tend more to the graceful a part of English letters. In the contentment and to the prosperity of all British Press of to-day there was not parts of the British Empire than a real much of this sort of writing, and the light and lasting Empire Press Union, touch and pretty fancy of the English essay had almost vanished from our pages, Perhaps our reading public was of courser stuff, and preferred mysteries and what were called in the trade "human interesting up for the Press and its influence, stories, the "sch-tuff" of the American Press. He thought it was a pity, but
pity tits, 'tis true."
It was curious to note that both in the American Colonies and in Canada, so soon ar we were there, the beginnings and subsequent growth of the newspaper Press was very much on the same line as in England. They wer apontarous growth of national charter and public Tequirements. They preserved the inde, pendent characteristics their British model and they kept clear, for the most part of Government connection and, at all events, of Government manipulation and
mastory.
JOHN WALTER THE SECOND.
In Great Britain there was a censorship during the Great War, and he did not believe it would be possible to wage war under modern conditions without suing
LORD MILNER'S CRITICISM. Lord Milner (himself an old journalist), proposing a vote of thanks to Lord Burn- ham, said he was glad that, while stand-
Lard. Burnham was not uncritical of it. He was evidently, aware of the duties which the exercise of that enormous power imposed upon the writers, and, he might add, the owners of great newspapers. A great deal had been said about the superiority of the British Press to all other Presses. We knew we were very ranch superior to all other nations- daughter) and consequently, of course our Press was also the best in the world. He believed it was the best, but not, per- haps, quite so much the best in all res pects as was sometimes assumed. instane, he did not think the averago literary quality stood quite as high as it once did. Be did not think that in the Pross of some of our neighbours. They literary quality it could be compared with could take up an awful little rag". of a French newspaper, so badly printed that they could hardly read it, and yet there was constantly in that "rag an
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sart of control, but its working was ani- versally admitted to have been unsatis- factory and at times even ridiculous. Itartide which, in style. would compare was the epirit of independence which lind not unfavourably with those great speci-
mens of literary skill of our old journ made the newspapers Press so grant & aliet, to which Lord Burnham had re 1924
power throughout the British Dominions, And hid fair to make it perhaps the greatest power in the democratic State. John Walter the second had succeeded hig father in the control of The Times in 1603, and when he died, in 1867, the writer of the obituary in that paper could say of
his career-
ferred. He did not think that in every respect our Press was so perfect, or even so good, as it was at one time. That might be due to the fact that there was an enormous amount more of it, Per. haps there was as much good writing in the English Press to-day as ever there was, but
because it was to be found
**Whilst other turn found a refuge for in ten or 12 newspapers out of a hundred intellectual weakness or moral instability it did not strike them so much as when in pledging their faith to a statesman, n it was to be found in ten or 12 papers party, a theory, or a clows he never forgot out of 30 or 40
per.
that such things were made for man and Something had been said about the not man for them. No sooner did he per-censorship. The reason why it was .ceiva that a party was irreclaimably effective-and he said it from selfish or a Minister irremediably tom-soal knowledge-was that they had mitted to anti-national measures, to cor- the help of the Press men them- rupt associations, or to imbecile and, selves in keeping the Press in order. therefore, injuria policy, no sooner was The most valuable control exercised on it evident that the temptation to poker the Presi during the war was exercised had prevailed over the public spirit of by the Prees itself. When he was at the the statesman, than he promptly and Way Offon he had one or two occasions openly withdrew his support that had been
on which it was necessary to call repre tandered only for the public advantage.” sentative Press men together and appeal When, in 1855, the penny daily news. to their patriotism to keep silence on cer- np entered, history, it heralded its tain questions. The promise to do so was arrival on the same note. The Daily Tele always readily given, and he never knew graph, which had been taken over three an instance in which that promise was months after its first publication as the broken. The immense influence which the Daily Telegraph Court by his grand- Prey exercised would only continue and father, who had always printed it, an- grow on one condition, and that was that nounced in its introductory leader: the rules and practices which the best
LOCAL ADDEINU ---- HONGKONG HOTEL BUILDING. TELLITIONE: CENTRAL Nos. 524-5.
1924
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We shall be bound with fetters of uo noppers in England had always follow 1924 Party; we will be fearlessly independent, ed were followed in the future not only not the independence of unchecked and by them, but by, the over-increasing num thoughtless attack, but the independence her of our papers. He was told that the of utterance befitting reflecting English-syndicated Press would one of these, days make all our opinions, and then it would exercise a damaging tyranny over publie The newspaper Prem of England had opinion. He could only say that he bed from the first, a natural and reasoned much too great a helief in the independ- faith in the doctrines of constitutional
then
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liberty and equal justice. It was nearly ence of English character to think that 40 years ago since he entered public life anything of the kind was possible, and during that long period of Colonial policy he had never known the British Press, as judged by it more important organs, otherwise than friendly and fav ourable to Colonial aims and aspirations. Edmund Burke compared newspapers to a battery in which the stroke of ons ball produced no effect, but the amount of con- tinual repetition is decisive," That was what made the influence of the Press Bo powerful in these dayɛ. There was only one way of gotting at the mind of a electorate under the conditions which pres vailed in democratic countries to-day, and that was by the agency of the newspaper Pres. Somebody had raid that every drop of our blood is coloured by the Press Let us make the newspapers and I care not who makes the religion and the law"
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