Page
TYPHOID EPIDEMIC IN "
HONGKONG.
ILLUMINATING - DISCUSSION BY
SANITARY "BOARD:
STORAGE SYSTEM AMONGSÐ
CHINESE.
TH
HONGKONG
DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, JULY 1818, 1928.
GOLF AND GOLFERS.
BY DREAMER.1
Why is it that the majority of Golf professionals will teach us all the strokes from the tee to the green, and then when it comes to the green tell us they cannot teach us to putt; we must learn „for
The MEDICAL Orvices OP BEALTH: Water is even obtained from auliphs and other sources of questionable purity, the Government wuler, supply was con- to supplement the scanty Supply available į taminated either at its soufees or iw dis from the public maius. Under these cirtribution I would expect no discrimina- camstances it is not marprising that theretion of people or between localities. I EPIDEMIC "ATTRIBUTED TO WATER has been an increase in a water-borne dis should expect as much typhoid fever, a
ense. To what extent carriers of typhoid cording to population, at the Peak an at exist amongst us is not known, but they West Point or at East Point. certainly exist and at a time when the!
The CHAIRMAN: The conclusion I have ourselves. I fancy the fashion must disense, from whatever original cause, has come to is the same as yours!
have been set by Harry Vardon, who at increased, carriers will have încṛrasol also,
TH MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTY: Yes, the height of his fame, was a notoriously à somewhat analogous outbreak of a
substantially the wan
bad, patteg, as first-class, golfers go. No water-borne disease occurred in the year
dont his admirers thought it was this correct thing, if Yardon said it ·WRS | 1922 when the Cojuny was short of water and the Chinese were restricted to a small
imposible to teach a man to putt, With daily intermittent supply. Water was
of the game, however, I entirely disagree i the also collected and stared by the
all due respect to such a great exponent Chinese under insanitary conditions and
with the idea an epidemic of cholera to the extent of early 600 cases occurred,
An interesting discussion occurred at yesterday's meeting of the Sanitary Board on the present typhoid s«pidemic, in Hongkong. In reply to four questions asked by Dr. W. V. M. Kech. the Medical Officer of Health (De. W. W Pearse) gave detailed statistics of the innibor of cases this year as compared
with other years (***
Dr. Kock asked: -
(j) How many cases of typhoid fever and of paratyphoid fever have been notides week by week during the rent year, classified according to nationality 1. (ii) How many of these cases have been imported and how many of local origin (ii).In the cases occurring locally has it been possible to trace the soured of infection It, wil he state such source
(16) Has there been an increase in the number of local enses compared with former years 1
.. CASES OF TYPHOID TABULATED. -
In reply to the first and questions, the Menica. Orvicea or HEALTH said that the number of cases of Typhoid which had occurred week by week this year were shown is a table which he Ħail. preparel. He had taken the period up to
The Charuan: I think you gave the total figures as 148 local cases. Would be: correct in saying that it is quite possible that a certain number of the 1439 may be importeil cases!
The MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH: They may be. It is extremely, difficult to get
During the last year or two
the
If fur, the terms of source of infee-any, reliable data. The incubation period Americans have been giving British is a long that it may be four or five gollers, some nasty shocks, and it is tion" in Dr. Koch's question I substituteks after infection that a report frour generally admitted that the American the term. principal factor in the speel the martuary is sent in.
player has shown superiority over the of the disease I ming sny with reason
The Chuastas: There is a very large | Britisher, player near to and on the groen. that it has not been the quality of the influx going on at present i
In other words, the American player realles the importance of putting and has learnt to putt.. I believe that when the American player is within 15 or 20 yards of the green; he reckons to get down in two more shots, whereas the old idder at Home would be to get on to the grevo, and not take more than two"patts. To be down in three would be rite sitis. factory &
water as supplied by the Government which has been the probable, capse of the but the want of typloid epidemic, sufficient water to maintain a constant supply and the inevitable consequences of such a shortage.
The Medical Orvicen OF HEALTH: Very large indeed. When I say that certain cases are imported I have very good reason for saying so, and when I say that others are imported it in because I have out sufficient information to go by.
The CHAIRMAN Would you regard a total of 148 out of a population of 60,00
The MEDICAL OFrices or Hewtu: Off To teach a player to putt does not as a large number or small
course, that depends up the sanitary meair that he is going to sink his ball condition of the Colony. Having regard with consistent regularity. We have our to the fact that the water supply here "on" days and our "off" days, but I con- think 140 cases is somewhat higher than wil waste for fewer strokes on the we ought to have. If we guld maintain average than the freak putter. Putting a constant supply of water and not have is confidence plus a correctly hit ha'l. it collected in all sorts of receptacles and places I think we should have much less typhoid than we have got,
A COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS YEARS, With regned to the fourth question, the MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH said he had prepared a table showing the monthly Incidence typhoid and paratyphoid from 1913 to 1923. Taking the first six months of this year, he found there were 153 cases of typhoid and para typhoid; of the sth of July the first week of this which 11 were para-typhoid and the reis of a high degree of "initial purity, trud that the player who puts correctly venr. Amongst Chinese the weekly totals muinder, typhoid. Comparing the figures were as follows:--0, D. 2, 7, 1, 2. 12. 4with those of previous years he found that 1, 2, 2, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 2. 13, 1, 10, 14, 3. 10. 3. 7. That gave a total of cases amongst the Chinese, of which might were imported the remaining 118 being Under British he had local cases. included people of Europenx, Colonial and American "citizenship. The weekly totals
were: 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, C4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0. 9. 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2.1.mak ing a total of 23 fases, of which four were importes, leaving 10 of bend origin, Amongst the Portuguese there was case in the fourth week, one in the 21st) and one in the 25th werk, making three cass in all, none of which were imported. Anongst the Japate community there
was one fuse in the fourth week, two in the ith and, two in the 2nd week, a
total of ive cases, all local. Amongst the ludian community there 2 cases in the 11th week, one each in the 19th, gard, 25th and with week, and 2 in the 27th week, making 8 case in all, of which four were imported. There was a Filipino case in the 22nd week. That gave a total of 164 cases, of which 14s were focal and
18 imported. There were 32 mm Chinere joan enses this year, as compared with 33 last year, and a miported cases, as against
3 inst year.
THE SOCHCE OF INFECTION. Referring to Dr. Koch's third questiou, the MECAL OFFICER OF HEALTH
been possible it win the case has
of infection. to trace the The incubation period of the disease is Under most favvur- usually two weeks. able circumstances.-for example, when a patient seeks the advice of a properly qualified medical man early in his less danther week at least will probably elapse before the nature of the disease is mani fest mal a notification of the case is made to the Medical Officer of Health.
Infection is by ingestion, but there are many ways by which food and drink may be contaminated by the handling of food and for utensils, by carriers, by she
It is ouly on Agency of flies.
in 1992 there were, in April, 16 cases as against 24 this year. In May there were 14, a compared with 7; and Jur:
1, as compared with 32. The only pre
vious year of the last ten and a bali"
during which there Wax RON
incideare which was at all come that of this year was that of 1998, when in April there were 17 cases, in May, 32 and in June 44. This year, however, showed during the Inst three months greater incidence of typhoid and para- typhoid since and including 1913.
To my mind the following method of putting is correct. Take your ine of direction facing the hole, with the bali Repying to Dr. Koch, the Medica in a direct line between yourself and the OFFICER OF HEALTH said he had for many hole. Having drawn an imaginary line years lieard rumours of people leaving in the minds' eye from the hole to the the Colony when there was disense about. ball, cause some particular blade of grass, They suddenly became ill, got frightened conspicuous either for its size ar slight and ran away. In many cases the Sani-variation "in colour, just about two or tary Board took action to clear them out three inches in front of the full and on. for a period of 48 hours whi'st disinfer the line on which the ball has to travel You have now studied the line of the tion work was in progreBS.
putt, the nature of the ground, and the Dr. Koch thought the discussion proved degree of force needed to get the ball of Health for his very full and exhaustive that the Department was not sufficiently into the hole. The next thing to do is statement, and added that it was very staffed. They wanted a Medical Officer to take up a comfortable position to strike the ball Grip the club firmly evident the Chinese wern the great
of Health who could devote his whole time with the left hand, and take the head: sufferers from the disease at the present time. This peinted rather strongly, as is to making enquiries to cases as soon back, kreping it as near the ground as Pearse had said, to the question of thes they were reported. The Medical possible: then strike the ball firmly by so overburdened bringing the right hand into use on tad forward movement, taking care that the water supply. Had any effort heen mude Ufficer of Health was
wita work that he could not possibly dehall travels over the particular blade of to purify the water?
grass chosen to give the line. The club head in following "through should also ps over this mark.
Dr. Kock thanked the Medical. Officer
The Chairatan:-That point does int arise at the moment.
Dr.. Koen said it seemed to him rather a pity that they had the Medical Officer. of Health claiming that the method of water storage in the houses was reponsible for the increase in the num
of cases pod that apparently nothing had been due to counteract this by giving warning to the Chinese,
ON
are not
more,
The Board then proceeded to the dis cussion of other business..
SMALL POX ALSO PREVALENT. VACCINATION CAMPAIGN TO BE OPENED.
The MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH said he' would like to enll the attention of the
T
I have said nothing about the stance. I leave my renders to take up any stares they like as long as it is comfortable; but I advise them to im evenly balanced on both feet.
Don't take too long over a putt ones you have got the line.
Don't tap the ball; hit it firmly so that any uneven ground the ball encounters will not put it off the line.
Don't sway the body forward; it mothers the shot,
Don't lift the head until you hear the ball rattle in the tin!
Don't be shart: always give the hole A chance, unless there is some particularly good reason for not doing so.
Last of all, don't expect to be a good putter if you don't practice.
Occurrence of many cases having a possible Pears stated that the figures showed nur instituting as of the next gold season. of the shots were probably made with a
Bource of infection in coming that, atten- tion is specially drawn to "possible common source-for example, the water supply.
In the present slight epidemie the incidence of the disease has not suggested that the public water supply has been the chus of the outbreak owing to exitumine tion of the water at its source, or during distribution that is to say, before its delivery to the pudic. If the water had been
so contaminated. I should have ex- to car with peal the outbreak explosive force, to have involved many hamireds of persons and to have shown
that there is a decrease at one ensej the people had left the Colony and that although from the 23rd to the 27th week of this year there was a sight inrönse.
Just a few don'ta" when putting. Don't play the shot with stiff wrists; hard and, through the Press, the alters bend them just in the same way as when tion of the public. to the fact that small-playing any other kind of shot. The CHAIRMAN:-Isn't it difficult to,
-pox was persisting somewhat longer this yeur. Many cases of small-pox notified anticipate? As a matter of fact we are during the last few weeks dated their not the Water Board:
infection to 15, days, and in some cases, Dr. Koor: I think
the Water three weeks before, During January, Authority and the Sanitary Board ought cases were notified, in February S, March 38. April 69, May 81. June 01, and up to work hand in hand. We are the 14th of this month 21 cases, which. dependent on such other, we
meant that if the au average was working in water-tight apartments. maintained there would be, 45 cases for The CHAIRMAN: The question which | July. The number might be legs, a appears to ari out of the Medical Offer smallpox now appeared to be in the down of Health's reply is, "Why can't we get grade. Forty-five cases in Jaig would be more water and the answer is that was beat 50 per cent of the June total
To realise the importance of puiting, cannot control the rain, would like to There had been a somewhat bad outbreak, put one or two subsidiary questions to the
and he thought it would be desirable for one has only to take a good: round, such Medical Officer of Health. I think Dr.
the Board to consider the question of as a 72, the record on the old course at vaccination campaign Fanling, and remember that, 50 per cent. increase
at the beginning of They had one at the beginning of Inst putter! The MEDICAL OFFCO of HEATH:-Nason, when 127,000 adults were vaccinat There are still a number of golfers in appreciable incrense. If we have an od; and out in 1918-17 when some 300.000 the Colony who have no respect for either increase of infection, disease amongst the people were vacinated. The Colony was the Rules or the etiquette of the game, Chinese we are likely to get more earriers liable just now, ns for several years past, I had the misfortune to be behind a in motion and to see a slight increase ta
the great influx of population player at Happy Valley recently who took among non-Chinese, but the slight increase Although they might vaccinate well over to get on to the first green. I know he has only been a factor, recently. So far 100,000-ven as many as 300.000-people, took 3, because I counted the number of as this year is concerned havs shown
a year or two they might find mi of divot holes I mended for him. If we all there was again a very large proportion did that sort of taing the Valley would It is of the population unvaccinted. As small he turtles in about a month.
x had lingered tong this year he felt astonishing that a man's common-sens to repair any that they might expect during the cold dogun't prompt him. to
it would be no sell to prepare ant. The same thing happened in bunkers weather to have a somewhat had outbreak damage he does. and order free.
Although the Some players walk about in thern and Government
Ordinance did not play shots leaving great holes which are come the vacination of infants during almost impossible to get out of if one thehet:
hot weather, there was nothing in the is unfortunate enough to get into them. Ordinance
prevent people en
being It is so easy just to rake over any marks
in the hot weather if they liked | shot, the Chinese, who is not as a rule drink of typhoid fever has been reported by the and the public could go to the public unboiled water, that the increase in the Officer in charge of the public mortuisieination stations out, get' virginsted incidence of the disease is marked. The and I bave also remarked that out of there. He thought it was highly desirable, Chinese, however, unboiled water for the enges are number are children.. grey now during the hot weather, for washing food and food utensils and, The CHAIRMAN: Sonicthing liky 93 per people, not veriunteil recently, to tuke hence, if the water, in their houses be cut, of the corpses admitted to the advantage of the pub'ie vaccination
thereur, which passed through contaminated with disease producing morinary ars those of the abandoned or stations, or go to their medical attendants Hongkong recently from Home had the bacteria, it is certain that they will be destitute 7
Au be vaccinated,
misfortune to go ashore in the Inland Sea infected.
The Municat
Dr. Kock said he did isot understand last Thursday last. She was re-floated It is not necessary to assume that the have not gone into the figures but I know how the impression prevailed that two days later after some of her cargo water as delivered to the Chinese from that, for the five years I was in charge vaccination should not be carried out the public supply is capable of producing of the mortuary nearly all the cases during the hot weather It was effootive disease. There are ways by which such taken there were either destitute or nnd did noʻharm, "" water may be contaminated after delivery. abandoned people, At present the water supply is inter mittent, the people cannot obtain water directly from their taps when they need it. They draw water for a very short time each day and store it in receptarles which are very liable to contamination. They take pails, tins, cans, me to hydrants and draw water. Such portable, vessels may well be liable to contamina tion in the yards and kitchens of Chinese houses,
a very high incidence ninongst the non- Chinese community. The incidencer on the has, however, not bren greater
•
the
I
· RECEPTACLES FOR COLLECTING WATER? POSSIBLE CAUSE,
The CHAIRMAN: As regards the Chinese increase this year over last year is think, accounted for a most entirely by
mau Chinese counted for by the reaction the large increase in the number of re
thay en
of Chinese cases on u-Chinese.
int
No section of our population is inde. pendent, from the Sanitary point of view, of the Chinese.
borty from the Hongkong mortuary?
The MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTHY have not the figures with me, but I know
Vaccine.
tu
It is, however, amongst that quite an astonishing number of casted Medical practitioners "could | with one's clah after having played ag
very poor?
OF HEALTH:
BLUE -FUNNEL STEAMER'S
MISHAP
had been removed. The vessel at the time
of the mishap was on her way from Moj
to Kobe, and it is thought that she weat ashore in a dense fog, although very The CHALEMAN? The increase shema There were present at the meeting: indefinite news of the circumstances of therefore to be entirely restricted to the Mr. G. R. Saver (Chairman), the Hon. the stranding is to band," After the Mr. H. T. Jackman (Diretor of Public, vessel had been reflanted she was towod This MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH: To Works), Mr. A. E. Wood (Acting towards Kobe where she was due to arrive Secretary for Chinese Affairs), Mr. S. yesterday morning. The extent of the Very large extent, certainly The CHAIRMAN: Would I be correct in To Dr. F. M. Osorio, Dr. Wy damage sustained to the testel is put saying that, if the Government water Kech, Mr. Wong Kwong Tin. Dr. W. W
upply was the cause there, would be no Pearse (Medical Officer of Health) and distinction between rich and poor in re. Mr. J. A. Fraser (Secretary to the gard to the incidence of the disense 1 Board).
known.
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