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INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE. SAVING THE VICTOYR
SIR H, BUKE ON A NEW FACTOR IN HISTORY.
Sir Henry Duke, President of the Pro bate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division of the High Court delivered an address on The International. Problem of Law and Order before the members of the Grotius Society in the Inner Temple Hall
'MANSION. HOUSE MEETING.
A strong cha was put forward at the Mansion House, London, on May 18th, for the effort that is being made to raiss funds for restoring Nelson's famous flag ship, the Fictory, which stands it urgent need of costly repatra. -
The chair was taken by the Lord on May 16th, and dealt particularly with Mayor, who was supported by Mr. L. S. the possibilities for good in the League of Aurry. M.P. (First Lord of the Ad- Nations, and the great need for more miralty), Admiral Sir F. S.. Doveton public interest in a topic which is of vital Sturdy (Admiral of the Fleet) and
Futhers. importance to everyone,
In opening the meeting. the Lord Sir Alfred Hopkinson, presidid in the Mayor said that the cause was one which absence of the Lord Chancellor.
should appeal to the sentiments of the Sir Henry Duke said he had to deal whole English-speaking race. After 160 with a problem of dominant interest to years afloat, the Fietary had had to be the human race at the present time. When brought into deck to save her from im. international law was put to the average minent disaster. To restore her thoroughly: man as a solution of our difficulties and would cost £150,000, of which one generous a safeguard against aur perils, he almost donor, who preferred to be anonymous, felt that he was being mocked, and he had given the munificent sum of £30,000. looked back on nine years of anguish, and Admiralty of the Fleet Sir Doveton then turned to the present welter of die Stürdes, a worthy successor of Nelson, curd and said :--“ If these are the fruits had raised a fund of considerable amount, of international law, what of inter- and he (the Lord Mayor) was helping to national law? And if they have happen-collect the remainder One donation from ed in spite of international law, what of an American visitor was accompanied by its sanctions. The average man was a letter, in which he said: "The old ship almost inevitably brought to feel that stands as a symbol, not of British might there was no international law, and yet on the sen, but of the spirit of civilisation, Auch a view took no just acerunt of the of burdens undertaken for the sake of record of the human race. Lay and world pence, for the destruction of order existed in the national domain, but tyranny, and the freedom of mankind,” did not Exist in the international demain.
Mr. Amery, in recalling the history off In the national domain the law had the Pietery, said that she was the fifth tightened its hold on the lawlesy until quen of that name in the Royal Navy. Nelson's resented the authority of the Legislature. Fiefory was laid down at Catham, under Revolutions came, but the insistence upon
"circumstances that made her Даде the rule of the State was as emphatic in re peculiarly auspicious, in that wonderful volutionary Power, as it was in gttled year of victories all round the world Powers. While law had authority in the which was still commemorated in song, nation. narchy and chaos still existed and mate particularly in history-the in the international world. This condi- year of Wolfe's victory on the Heights of tion was not the result of any imbecility Abraham, the year when Chatham wen in the human mind, or any lack of appli-glory out of disaster and laid the founda ration or want of effort, but to transformation of the British Empire. The Fictory the international world into a cerdition bore the flag in subsequent years of the which bare the remotest logical relation great admirals, Howe, Hood. Jervis, to the law and order of the national world Keppel, and Kompenfelt. She was pre- was an undertaking which might wellent at the relief of Gibraltar and at the tranaceu the abilities of man. That was great victory of Cape St. Vincent, and the task upon which Europe and Amerien finally became Nelson's own flagahip, and were engaged to-day-of finding a solu was made for ever memorable by his vic- Lion for the causes of international tory, by his death and last prayer, and anarchy. problem which had rugaged by his famous signal. Since then she the minds of men for, at any rate, 500 had remained on the active list as the flag. ship of one distinguished commander-in- I reviewed efforts rande in ancient Chief after another, and he trusted she Greece with its Amphictyonic Council, right one to continue No. qne could and in more recent times culminating with read Ker hallowed decks without feeling the Congress of Vienna and the Declara- that she embodied all the traditions for tion of Paris (broken by Prussia in 1970), which the British Navy stood, and of to find a solution for the peaceful settle which Nelson in so pre-eminent a degree ment of international disputes. He re- was the inspicing exemplar. ferred to the Treaty of Versailles Coven- More then a year ago, said the First ant as a basis from which they might Lord, the Admiralty were faced with the hope, not to abolish war, for a self-willed safious danger that the Fictory might at Power could kill throw Europe into the any moment sink at her moorings. To commotion of war, int to bring nations was decided that she should be brought
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The Lengue, was a new factor in the up. But the task of restoring her as she history of the world. Its masterpice was ought to be restored involved a cost which The Hazue Permanent Court, an the Admiralty at the present time could International independent, and judicial not, afford without serious prejudice to ribunal. This year it had sat as many the immediate and urgent nerds of the days as the King's Bench sat-in any one Navy. They felt that it would not be year of King George III.'s reign, and in Nelson's own spirit to sacrifice the Navy at its gegion beginning next month it of to-day evra, to restore his own flagship, would be full of work, having had juris and it was for this reason that the Naval idiction conferred upon it by scores of Research Society, under Admiral Sturdée,
treaties and protocols.
had issued an appeal to all patriotic There was the strongest renson for citizens of the Empire and levers of hoping that the United States would give British freedom, throughout the world to the Court its support. As regarded the make voluntary contributions for this task lack of positive law and of sanctions, he of restoration:
attached the greatest importader" to the He had been asked by the Lord Mayor sanction, provided against an offending who would be responsible for the Fictory state by Art. 16 of the Covenant-ostricism when restored. That would be the tank and. isolation-in an era when the interents and obligation of the Admiralty, under of all nations were so closely interwoven. whom she would still remain the fagship Sir Henry said that the task begun by of, he trusted, a long line of Commander- jurists in the United States thirty years in-Chiefs at Portsmouth. (Cheers.) The before the war sected in 1913 and the Admiralty were giving every facility at pring of 1914 to be on the point of the dockyard to enable the work to be. producing me such concordat among the carried out as cheaply as possible, and Powers as was arrived at the Versailles the committee hoped to put the work in in 1919. The question to day was whether hand on June 1st,
there was ground fer believing that the Admiral Sir F. C. Sturdee stated that Covenant of the League of Nations had sines October, when the fund was started, laid the foundations for a new departure. they had collected £58,533. What greater The League of Nations, was optional and memorial, said Admiral Sturdee, could incomplete: the Covenant was to some they have than this ship, which had saved extent provisional, but for three successive England from invasion on four occasions, years the covenanting Powers had met saved Gibraltar from being captured, together in free congress, and there could maintained our trade, and carried on not be a greater blessing to mankind.than these great traditions for all these years't that-1f-the-Assembly and Council which The effort was to save the ship and to had been at work in the international encourage the young in the great deeds of arena had done nothing else they had their forefathers. If they could collect a secured by treaty, by convention, penny from every child in the country and by protocol that question which they would be doing a great deal for the euld be remembered by scores should children themselves. One town, in the be submitted to the permanent court centre of England. had given £65 in this of justicent The Hague, and they way. As years wint by the ship would continued that class of labour. The become more and more valuable, and Covenant, provided tremendous Sane future generations would bless those who tions, but the problem was; How are the had tried to save the famous old vessel. agencies for good such as are found in the (Cheers.)
Assembly Council, and Tribunal of the
jurists and statesmen of the world, going HONGKUNG SHARE MARKET
Lo sreure mutual protection against the evil of warf It was house to invoke war toure peace. He advoncted. a farther development of the system of International eonventions applied in each Stata-by national legislation, and the enlargement of international law in national fields so as to deal with inter- national crimes. It came as a shock ta Jasny statesmen who looked forward to a great day of justice after the war to find that war crimes must go unpunished he cape there was no international penal law. The Covenant would not, work of itself; the Assembly had no resources of its own; and the Tribunal's solemn judg ments might be disregarded. What was needed to make these things effective was the motive power of the modern conscious mind. Then it might not be hopeless in the progress of the Assembly, Council, and Court to secure such adjudications ax would eventuate in the condemnation and punishment of those who made ag gressive wA IE. The Covenant proposed a made of discrimination as to whether there was casus helli when aggressivo action was threatened. In the United States these questions were much dis-
CLOSING QUOTATIONS.
JUNE 21st, 1923. Hongkong and Shanghai
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caused, but in Great Britain the Prema had Lord Phillimore; who also spoke, said aown almost unanimous indifference, we should not be able to enforce inter
The Press must create the motive power
and the arista suggestions,
(Continued at foot of next column:)
national Inw unless we got a strong feel-
ing in all great nations that law and order must be preserved at all costs.
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