· THE "BONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 100
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THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE.
COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY.
MAJOR KLEIN'S. SPECTROSCOPIO PROCESS
[BY THE TIMES" SCIENTIFIC CORENS- FONDENT]
Last week I had the pleasure of seeing what appears to be an entirely new pro- ress invented by Major Klein, a young English optician, primarily for reproduc ing coloured objects by photography. Every one knows that white light is a mixture of rays of different wave lengths. When it is passed through a prism, the rays aro bent at different angles accord ing to the length of the vibrations, and-] if the beam so treated, is thrown on a screes, it appears not as white light, but as a coloured, rainbow-like band, pasing. by gduni transition from the red end, whers the waves are longest, through orange, yellow, green, blue, and indigo to the violet end, where the visible rays are shortest.
The colours in the spectral band on the screen are visible to us because the waver of these particular lengths are refected back to our eyes, and there produce car tain sensationa which we have learned to call red, orange, yellow, and so forth Similarly, we call an object "coloured because, in some way or other, when White light falls on it, it has the power of absorbing certain of the rays and throwing back to is only those which cause particular colour sensations.
In the ordinary three-colour process, the drawing or other object is strongly illu- minated with white light, and then three successive negatives are taken, cach through a different filter. The filters are usually films stained with aniline dyes, or the dyes in solution, the colours meally employed being green, blue, and red. Blocks are made from these three, negar tives, and are printed one after the after the other with very careful registration, using respectively green, blue, and red inks.
If the analysis were complete, so that the green filler stopped everything except what had to be printed in green, and so on, the composite picture would give a very close reproduction of the colours of the original, because green, blue, and red, as we see them in most coloured objects, cover fairly well the whole range of the spectrum. The corr struction of filters and the selection of dyes" and inks have improved greatly since the early days of colour photo graphy, when, for example, the brown fur of an okapi was reproduced bright purple But every one who has compared with the original even the best of modern reproductions by this process: knows that it is far from exact, although it makes vory prelty pictures. Major Klein attri- bites these defects to the fact that no filter is complete; some
rays which should be stopped pass through it, And so some colours are over-emphasized.
TEE NEW PROCESA. ».
Major Klein starts from the known fact that a coloured object will not reflect any particular colour unless the waves of the appropriate length are thrown on it. Omitting the technical details, which are published in his patent specification (166,028), his device may be described simply. The light from a strong electric are is taken to a prism through a suit- able arrangement of lenses, and then dis- persed into its spectral elements. By an- aber suitable arrangement of prisms, any portion of the spectrum may be selected, and only the rays-contained in it thrown on the coloured object. I was shown & water-colour sketch illuminated successively by three mutually exclusive parts of the spectrum, covering about-a. third from the red end, the middle third, and a third from the violet end, and also a reproduction" printed from three blocks in which these different illumina tions had been employed. The result was. very impressive, and seemed to me a great improvement on what can be 'ob- tained by the existing methods.
If a light of sufficient power is em ployed, the rays from a much narrower portion of the spectrum can be selected, and there is no theoretical limit to the number of mutually exclusive negatives that might be taken or of blocks made. The apparatus contains various adjust mente moved by graduated micrometer acrew so that the exact position on the spectrum of the rays used can be register.
腿
For process colour reproduction, even of a very high quality, it is unlikely that more than four or five blocks will ever. be used. But the device lends itself to other interesting applications. When the prism was slowly tamned, so that the sketch was illuminated successively by each portion of the spectrum, the colour changes were remarkable, and suggested the play of light' on clouds at sunrise and
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Major Klein is fully alive to the pos aibilities of adapting his device to stage illumination. He proposes to employ an electrio keyboard divided into octaves, And with stops regulating the total volume of the light employed and the intermixture with normal white light. An expert manipulator "could revent or make idvisible any part of a 'coloured costume or of painted scenery, and could ring changes far surpassing the transformation ceries in the most gorgeous, pantomimes. "The chief difficulty that I foresce lies not in the details of Major Klein's Loven- tion, but in the source of light. Obviously What's in a name? Wedded blies Zaky the illuminatice is reduced when only a be as sweet with other names than part of the spectrum is used, with the Bomeo and Juliet. A batcher's mesistant, result that light of very high candle giving evidence in sense at Wandsworth power must be employed. The are light County Court, said that his name was is at present the most powerful source of Germany, has had nothing to do with artificial illumination, and I have never nktionality, explained counsel to the med ann which did not flicker and very judges. As a matter of fad, his wife's in an annoying fashion.
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