Page
BILKWORM CULTURE IN SOUTH CHINA:
IMPORTANT LECTURE. BY PRO-
FESSOR HOWARD,
SPORT»
GOI.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, JANUARY SOIL
BOGEY POOL AT FANLING..
The result of the Bogey Pool played NEED OF IMPROVEMENT IN LOCAL over the last weekend at Fanling is no
METHODS.
as follows:-
J. D. Kinnaird R. Appel
}tio
D. de B. Newcomb
ORIONET.
F
"3 down..
4 down.
A. EL ARCULLI'S XI. «, UNIVERSITY PAST AND PRESENT.
STATE
MAJOR CASSEL'S CAB.
CASE FOR THE DEFENCE PRESENTED.
WHO DID THE DAMAGE?
Evidence for the defence was given, yesterday, in the action in the Summary Court, before Mr. Justiga Gompertz, in which Major Cassel, of 100, The Peak claims $565 for damage alleged to have been done in the course of repairs carried out by Mr. Rowe of the Vaitel Motor Co., Ltd. The defence was that the damage complained of was found to have been already committed when Mr. Row first examined the car.
1
CORRESPONDENCE.
A SUGGESTION TO THE ROYAL HONGKONG GOLF CLUB.
[TO THE EDITOR OF THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS."]
SIR,-In your weekly edition of Novem ber 19th, your Golf Correspondent.com
WOLSEY
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WOLSEY PURE WOOL GARMENTS
the to a poly on the bad condition of PURE WOOL UNSHRINKABLE UNDERWEAR
at Fanling links. Ho saya The tees are not so good, and I fall to see how it is going to be possible over to have good tees without spending || | at large, sum of money; the annual cost for upkeep must necessarily ba verj heavy, too. In the circumstancea 1 and convinced that matting tees are the only kind that wall be successful at. Fanling!! Two have been tried at Deep Water Bay, but unfortunately they were put down the wrong way up, and, although it makes no difference to the player, it makes a great difference in the life of the mat." Has it ever occurred to your corres
A valuable lecture on the silk culture industry of South China was given by Professor :0. W. Howard, of the Canton Ehristian College, at a meeting.of.the Union Church Literary Society, on Professor Howard touched Tuesday. briefly on the history of silk culture and
in this match, to be played on the M. A. H. Rowe, manager of the described methods of rearing Hilkworms,
eir habits and diseasEN. He also dis-1.R.Q. ground on Saturday, at 1.80 p.m.; Unitel Motor Co., Ltd., said he had bad
20 years experience with motor cars. bussed the need of improvement in silk the following will form the respective had special experience of the S.U. worns culture in Kwangiting if an im-elevens:-Mr Arculi XI.-8. Jex, G. carburettor, fitted on Major Cassel's car. portans industry was not to be lost to Leo, H. Ching, M., Abbas A. H. Rum- the witness was asked by Major Cassel if he could undertake to put the car in jaba, S. E. Ismail, J. S. Curree Bordet, Major Cassel said he had had Boutb China.
Mr. Arnold Hughes presided and Sirlamail... 8 D.. Ismail, S. "A. R. Ismail all kinds of'trbbble with the "car" a Golf Club Committee who "may be in
and A. el Arculli.
4.
Bobert and Lady Ho Tung were amongst thos present.
To buy a piece of silk," said Professor Howard, is not an ordinary commercial transaction. You are falling heir to an mense history of the past. Thousands of years have been spent in developing the cultivation of the mulberry and in rearing the silkworm-the most delicate Mechanics domestic animal we have..
ave improved the machines for winding be silk until they are almost as delicate human hands; artists and dyers have been working on the material for six or seven thousand years." The discovery of silk is lost in antiquity but the discoverer Whould be honoured equally with the dis- overers of fire or iron. These developed -the mechanical side of life; the discoveror of Bilk developed the side of culture.
Professor Howard related some of the Jegends extant in China as to the first discovery of silk. One went back ta 0 BC. but silk appeared to have been in use as far back as 4.500 B.C. The ancients found that the silk worm was the one worm whose thread unwound com. pletely without breaking; that fact enhanced its value when woven into cloth. The manufacture of silk begant China; it was long kept a monopoly, Srst of the nobility and later of the nation. For several thousand years no ane knew, outside China, how silk cloth was pro- duced. It was exported and reached
in
لام
Greece and Byzantium. It spread in' 1,400 B.C., then to Persia and westward. In Greece, silk was known
woven wind," and it sold for its weight ip gold. Rome tried to control the market in silk; Byzantium wanted to die
University.-R. A. Ponsonby-Fane, Sze Kwong Wei Wing Lock, T... Y A. A. Runjabe, W. Vickers, Hoslim, C. Hunt, W. Hall, M. B.Osman Bolhetchet
THEFT OF BICYCLE ACCESSORIES,
pondent, or to any of the members of the
Mr. Weir and a Mr. Davis had been toreated in the rubber industry, thar grking on the car and since then the rubber might be used to make excellentif
ergine got very hot and, also, he could teeing stances The proposal has been not mantain the air pressure. The wit made in England, has been taken up by He said the tenor of the conversation the Rubber Growers, Asociation, u bas and was that he was to put the car in run evoked the interest of rubber manufactur ning order. Majos Caisel never gave ers and some directors of rubber com hin any instructions pop, to` take down|panies. Tecs, especially on inland courses, the carburettor or any other part. He are apt to get word, and, of course,|| Brat examined the air pressure.. system Hongkong has such a long dry season and found 'w deak at ali niecock in the that it must be a difficult matter to keep petrol taak. He then noticed that the greens and tees in a good condition—|| enamel as thet pint was badly chipped especially the tees He asked the 'driver-who was with him It would appear to be worth while to all the time he worked on the car-if he experiment with teeing stances of crude a ground actrain plug in and the rubber, laid down in slabs about three Of lifting the feet square and from three to four driver said he had done. engine: head be found the nuts on the inches thick. Properly cemented together, pressure pump and three or four on the this would give excellent foothold na carburettor had the corners worn away yet resilient, and not likely to be cut the screws had been operated upon with up by the naile or studs in the players
In the winter months, possibly! roug-sized screw-drivers and the enamel boots.
the engine bood was very badly this would prove all right; but in the
summer the rubber might become tacky"! and be impossible unless some locali Benius could suggest a satisfactory method of treating it.
INDIAN SENT TO PRISON. Alunet Kassin, an Indian, pleaded guilty, at the Magistracy, yesterday, to charge of stealing a number of bicycle accessories, including an acetylene lamp and ever! spanners.
on
NO INTENTION OF CHARGING.
Sub inspector Spear said that at 15 on the previous morning the defendant was stopped in Nathan Road, He wcratched over carrying something under his arm. This was found to be an acetylene lamp. He
The witness mentioned that he worked was taken to the Police Station and there he confessed that he had stolen the lamp on the war in his own time and there from a beyele outside the Kowloon poet was never any intention of charging office. Enquiries were made and the Major Cassel for the work done. bicycle was found to belong to Mr. Curtis The Judge: Do you mean to say, of Kowloon. The defendant then took Major Cassel had been pleased with the Sergeant Shannon to a hawker's stall in work, that you would not have sent in Yaumati where be had disposed of then bid i Dicycle tools.. The defendant had been previously convicted of theft.
11r. Wood sentenced the man to three months' imprisonment with hard labour.
But, apart from experimenting with the crado article and an application might
be made for advice and, assistance to the
4gricultural Department of the Federated be possible to evolve a satisfactory Malay States at Kuala Lumpur, it might Witness: No, there was no intention. golfing, ter from vulcanized rubber, and There is no entry in our books of any good deal of attention is being given to the subject by rubber manufacturers work done. Continuing, he said that, on taking down the carburettor he found & England. Till success is achieved in collar very tightly fixed, which it should the Golf Club would get good results this direction, perhaps the Committee of not be. It was necessary to use a punch from the use of a thick mat of vulcanized and give it a hight tap. This would naturally make a slight mark. The last rubber-say, one inch thick. If vulcaniz man who worked on this must bare ed however, the surface would require to be roughened to give a good grip to the jambed it. Similarly, when examining
player. the pressure pump he found the plunger The seating was not true and
in Pakis un Live studs had 1,794) patched. Witness reported these fact
As the originator of the idea of utilis
"cover the secret of its production and to a reshation of the fact that disease was loos in the cylinder and had beening, rubber” for, golf tees, I am sarguine
1 a so-called preaching mission buon not to lote her hold on the market. Pro poked as if someone had scraped it; that enough, to believe that success wilt bel
been
Much had been heard, recently, abou the diseaks of silkworms, especially since the great sile manufacturers had been in South Chua, trying to stir up the people there they hit on a scheme of sending two must be eliminated if South China wa Nestorian monks to
attained by some inventor, with beneht to South West
really lessor Howard described three disences to
like to the amenities of golf inks and is Labie:-müscaruint
the rubber industry. It would be a seeds in their which the silkworm to bring back mulberry the seeds had had time to grow into trees) teeding) and pebrine, (a protozoa which to Major Cassel. As to the new plang feather in the caps of Hongkong gollers] walking-sticks Later (presumably when (a furgu). Bacherie (caused by improper
the cells of the tissues of the Wien he fitted being wider a the base if they were to be first to prove the "the monks repeated the journey to bring lived
back silk word eggs. The Arab Contes silkworn and infected the, embryo of the than at the top"(as noted by Mr. Reeves efficacy of the rubber tee, and I have -carried silk production into Egypt, Spain 888-one of the few inheritable diseases) the witness said this was to match a in discover, tapering in the cylinder. On later ex Bilk produc- L'asteu: made his reputation ding goins amination he found signs of improper Portugal. and, probably tion reached Italy and France in the ing this disease and in
His microscopic test was enforced usage of the cam shaft cover. Some one 16th Century. About 105-220 A.D. Japan succeeded in getting silk worm culture governmentally in France and Italy; had inserted "screw-driver or chisel started and was now probably the fora. Japan had recently adopted it and it and the valve mechanism had been, badly used. It was 'a long job' to reface this most country producing silk.
ought to be introduced in South China. Neverthe
and a brown paper joint was necessary. less it appeared likely that Japan might reduce her output and if China got on
On a trial, after taking the Dairy Farm hér feet as a silk-producing country there
hit, the engine became exceedingly hot would be no hope of Japan holding the
and the water boiled. He found that the monopoly she did row. (Professor
ignition timing was entirely wrong. Con Howard indicated that it was largely a
sulting Major Cassel, the latter said. ir
Witness replied "question of increasing cost of labour
Wair had put it right.
+
with Japan.)
Before leaving the historical side of his lecture Professor Howard touched on the importance of silk it affecting the course of history. After Mahomet olosed the Eastern trade routes, is was to find a new means of getting supplies of silk
that Vasco da Gama and Columbus made their voyages, so that silk had an import- ant influence on the hinery not only of Europe but of Asia and America.
Professor Howard mentioned that the silk of South China bad qualities, not found in other kinds, which made it greatly desired by manufacturers for certain fabrics; it took up dyes better than any other silk Local silk worms were smaller and had a shorter life cycle; this meant that six or seven generations could be reared in the season instead of three an elsewhere. In spite of these advantages, there were many difficulties in increasing the output. One of these was the native methods in rearing silk The lecturer described worms at home. the process in detail and shows that cleanliness and the habits of the silk worin were very little studied. It had been the custom, probably for thousands of years, to force the batching of by subjecting them to hot water (130 deg.); this had probably weakened the local stock and made it more liable to disease.
The importance of eliminating disease was that diseases affected the quality of the silk and manufacturing processes were now so highly specialised that do fects in the silk gave great trouble Manufacturers had come to the point that they declared they would not accept silk from South China unless it was im- that it did not matter if Mr. Napier had proved In Shanghai there was establish cd, a few years ago, an international put it right; it was wrong now. The society, composed of representatives of major approved of the timing being put the Chamber of Commerce, the Chines right and the witness explained in detail Silk Guild and the Government, which now be put it back to the position laid down in the Napier Instruction: Book undertook to try and push improvements. This necessitated taking down the nagneto
organization died a natural death
American took 80 and and be found that the distributor cover two years ago." sometimas 100 per cent of the South bad had pieces gouged out of it and other China ostput and the American silk jour- damage had been done, including holes nala only recently declared that the drilled in parts of the magneto. quality must be improved or no orders would come to South China. The Canton Christian College had undertaken
The
more
IMPORTER WORK.
A
no hesitation in commending it to the consideration of your local Committee. Yours, etc.,
T. H. E. London, December 19th, 1921. ̧ ̧.· THE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS. (TO THE EDITOR OF THE HONGKONG
"
-DAILY PRESS."] SIB,-In your analysis of the University Local Examination results you omitted to mention those of St. Stephen's College.
St. Stephen's Girls' College-Threg Studente entered the Senior Examination All passed, one obtaining honours and Three girls entered the Junior Examina two obtaining distinctions. 100 per centi tion. All passed, 100 per cent.
St. Stephen's College. (Boys),Fifteen entered the Matriculation and Senior Examinations. Fourteen passed, one with Honours 93.3 per cent.
E. W. L. MARTİN.......
Acting Warden,
St.. Stephen's Collego. (Boys).
St. Stephen's College,
Hongkong,-January 25th, 1929.
CAR HAD BEEN MISHANDLED.
Twenty entered the Junior Examina tion. Twelve passed. 60 per cent.
These students are all Chinese. The total number of our 'candidates is bere The Judge: This was meddling with included, although some are in the lists under Private Students. Yours faith- to do but do one else -Government or the car? Improper work!
Witness: Yes, improper work.
fully, any private organisation-seemed pre- pared to do, and had established a little trial after this showed that the engine sehcel in which it wna working at the did not get but any more but pressure problem. The College," added Professor trouble still existed. He reported the to damage to the magneto to Major Cessel Howard, wants someone interested put in a few hundred thousand dollars." next day. A st. stronger spring did not He explained that at present the schol relieve the pressure trouble and being could not undertake to do more than fed up with it himself by then, he After this the supply- certain quantity of eggs and tried a wooden plug.
In reply to further questions, the He told could ros undertake silkworm rearing to pressure was well maintained. any extent. The eggs went out by the Major Cassel that this temporary exped-witness said he made about five reports to Major Cassel at various times as to Scheel were all subjected to Pasteur's ient would serve until a new pump signs that the car had been mishandled. micropic test against pebrine. There arrived. Major Caesel asked if he could
Mr. W. J. Grantham, engineer in the was great need for instruction of the use the car; witness said "Yes" but did Naval Yard, spoke to accompanying Mr. people all through the province, in im not convey that the ear was now comm proved methods of silkworm rearing but pletely repaired On returning from the Rowe on four or five occasions when he wne adjusting the car. He understood it that would take many years. The idea run Majar Cassel remarked that the car
car and, therefore, was was to have, as soon as possible, demon went better than it had ever done but, to be a show The villagers kept the worms in places stration stations throughout province
Shortly after this-he which were damp and dark, whereas the and show the people what they should still, he thought some further adjustments surprised to sex marks on the enumel when Worms needed dry surroundings, plenty A training stablishments was also de- learned from Major Cassel that the ear Mr. Tinson, addressing the Judge for silk winding was also de- had been handed to Mr. Reeves and be a moderate
and 'on even and not too high temperaturo (about sirable so that the product might be declined to discuss it any further with the had failed to attach any blame to the the defence, submitted that Major Cassel 70 deg.). The Chinese kept the tempera better wndition for export. There was ture very high with charcoal fires and also great need for experiments with a witness, except in writing.
defence for the condition of "the war. view to improving the stock and eliminat-he denied that Major Cassel gave him Mr. Scott put it together; he also ever-
In cross-examination, the witness
Before it came into Mr. Rowe's hands, the fumes themselves were poisonous to the silkworme. Kept in a small parti-ing dicase tione corner of
only to try and hauled it at various times; it was next At the conclusion of the lecture a num. limited instructions a mud dwelling the
were trace the leak in the pressure system.' in the hands of Messrs. Weir and Davis silkworms were deprived of air and one be of interesting lantern slides
There Mr. Vaux: needed as much air as a
shown illustrating good-sized
cross for a time and the Indian chauffeur also silkworn rearing. frog.
examination of Major Caesel on this "Silkworms" said Professor Howard, Questions were afterwarde invited. They must not be subjected to noise.
In reply to Sir Robert Ho Tung, the point and he was very definite about it. had access to the car at all times.. Mr. are very nervous: if you shut a door lecturer said that the Canton Christian Did you inform your solicitor loudly or speak sharply, you will see College could now supply trustworthy time?
of fresh air,
egg
might be made.
WHA, INO
Baid
at the
be went with Mr. Rowe on the latter's first visit,
the
"excelently.
Tinnon "claimed that the most that had been proved against. Mr. Rowe was that he made one small dint in a brass collar, them jump. They must be fed very care- sheets of silkworin eggs; these were being The witness said that he did.
and that was a matter of no importance. fully: 6,000 or 7,000 years of domestica-cat local markets in the provinco Mr. Vaux: Did ho, approve of your
Mr. Vaux, replying for the plaintiff, tion have made them very delicate; we where the silk product was particularly bruse plug? According to his evidence he called attention to statement by Major
defective. It was hoped that as.. the have no domestic annual so delicate as they are and the least change, in their native rearers realised that they got seemed surprised at "the unsightly brass Cassel that on April 28th, after the
plug, leaves will upset them. The Professor better prices for silk from silkworma rear-
Witness: He was surprised at a good Messrs. Weir and Davis bad Baished with
car, it was going added that, as far as possible, the age of ed from selected and tested eggs that they many things. He approved of it, to me. He suggested that the reason no charge the leaves should match the age of the would see the importance of more careful Mr. Vaux: I suggest, when you used was being made by the United Motor silkworms; young worms, young leaves, prethods From five to ten million sheets the punch to the carburettor, that you co for work done on the Napier was and so on. Wet er diy leaves, or leaves of egg (100,000 on a sheet) were sold in first tried to turn the screw in the wrong that they knew damage had been done by which had fermented, would give the silk- Kwanghing, annually, and the school worts indigestion. In South China, an could not produce more than 500 a month direction and then, when your attention their operations. There had been "gross was called to that, you tried the other mishandling of a very valuable instru fortunately, the rearers of silkworms did at present, so much remained to be done. dzs not grow the mulberry shrubs but bought But if the work were dropped now, it them in the market.
m'gh be, ten years before anything else (Continued at foot of neat column.)
was die and then it might be too late.
ment."
སྐ ས
The withers: Hardly probable.
(Continued at font of next column,)
The case concluded late in the after- nan. His Honour reserved judgment.
1
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