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MONGKONG DAILY PRESA, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 16TH, 193;
THE CENSUS OF THE COLONY.
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[1128
WHITEAWAY'S
HONGKONG'S
LEADING
TOYS
GAMES
CALENDARS
EMPORIUM
XMAS CARDS
EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS IN
CANTON.
[BY OBRIN KEITH FOR THE ** HONGKONG DAILY FRISS."]
■
INDIANS.
Duration of Life.--Thay are on thei whole a comparatively short-lived race. For females between the ages of 20 nad 60, there is a less of 8 per cent. against a loss of 34 per coat. in England and Wales; for males the loss is far greater. but is partly accounted for by emig ration.
For 100 the birth rate was 27.2 per
Of the 1810 Portuguese born in the The number of patives of India remains Colony only 832 claimed British nation. about the same.. Their number dependinity. Since the abolition of the monarchy there has been marked reviyal of national FINAL REPORT.
almost entirely on the demand for Indian feeling amongst this community, The Report on the Census of the Colony, Police and Watchmen, about 85 per cont. It is perhaps too early to look for a prepared by Mr. J. D. Lloyd, the of adult males being employed as Police great progress in the field of education by a government which has been itself Consus Officer, was laid before the Legisor Watchmen or in various Government established little over a year and during lative. Council yesterday. The Report departments. The birthplace of the majo a large part of that time has been engaged and summary of statistics occupies 82rity is the Punjab and the North West in the more prèssing business of war. The
Province. The commercial importance of educational situation in Canton is more printed pages, foolscap folio. fateresting for its effort and its aims than The Report states that the total popu, the Indian community has greatly thousand, the death rate 21 per thou- for anything which has actually been fittor was found to be 693,160, nincs since the abolition of the trade sand. Many cases of large families of d done. The plans and the steps taken to carry them into effect, however, serve to crease of 108,427, or 16.57 on the figures in Indian opium in which they were and over were noticed. indicate the attitude of the government for 1911, the greatest relative increase chiefly interested, and since the large MIGRATORY CHARMTER OF THE POPULATION. toward this important branch of adminis
A comparison of the Directories "for trative activity and where it is likely to ever recorded for the Colony," The bulk increase in the manufacture of cotton
yarn and piece goods in Japan and North 1911 and 1991 showed that of European lead.
of the increase has taken place in the China. Indians are chiefly interested in adult males exclusive of Government Capton's educational progress has beet City of Victoria and Kowloon; the retail drapery, silk and curio stores, and servants, resident here in 1911, only 197 sporadic. There have been times when it Northern District of the New Territories cotton yarn. Besides those born in India were still in the Colony at the time of mored ahead fairly rapidly under shows a very slight decrease, while the there are 287 maics and 341 females born the Census; these were British 187, aliens public-spirited administration. Then it Southern District sbows a slight increase outside Indis mostly in Hongkong, a 10; of the British 43 were in the employ has ceased altogether or been mored back. The Census Officer estimates that the large number of whom are of mixed race, of the Duck Companies. Of these many ward with the advent of reaction in the normal population of the Colony is for it is fairly common for Indians to had had a tour of duty elsewhere in the- Governor's yamen. Not until a pro- greater by 30,000 than the figures of the warry Chinese especially as secondary meantime ir various parts of the Far gressive government establishes itsoll Census.
wives; these Indians of mixed race are East. If the year 1914 is taken, the somewhat permanently and inaugurates a
mostly employed as clerks. The Indian figures are British 970, aliens 18 In constructive policy which can be followed
The number of "non-Chinese, excluding watchmen are all Sikhs, and are mostly the case of adult females the figures over a term of yours can any large results
the Mercantile Marine, were found to professional mouey lenders as a side line. would be still lower. "Except for a few be expected.
The adherents of the present govern have increased from 11,225 to 12,658. In A few Indians are now employed as professional men, employees of the Dock. servants, the ment have been largely responsible for 1911 the non-Chinese wore classified by chauffeurs. Very few Parsee firms now Companies and Civil such progress as has been made. During race, while the corresponding classifica remain, and the Parsee community once European population almost completely Most of the the brief return to enlightened rule in tion in the present Census is by nation-so important is now fast, disappearing changes every 5 years.
employees of the various firms only com- the early days of Ta Yuan Hung, ality. A comparison is, therefore, some from the Colony.
Occupations. It should be remarked pleto one tour of duty here, and then Governor of parts was appointed for what difficult. Japanese, the Report Kwangtung Province. He entrusted the states, have increased from $39 to 1,585; with regard to agriculture that the after the expiration of their home leave the United States of America | dumber shown as farmers is composed of are transferred, elsewhere. These facts edurational affairs of the province to citizens
fully explain the allegations of the lack of public spirit in the Colony:
P
THE NON-CHINESE POPULATION.
<
due to a large number of the smaller tramp coasting steamers being laid up owing to the prevailing shipping depres sion. It is to be noticed that of all non Chinese engaged in religious work in the Colony only 13.4 per cent, are of British nationality.
W. K. Chung, who is now Vice-President from 293 to 470; Portuguese (including Indians passing through the Colony. The ot Canton Christian College. Mr. Chung British aubjects) from 2.358 to 9.609; number of British ships officers and crew took the first steps toward a sound educa British nationals born in India from shown is much higher than usual, and is tional policy, Before his time the educa- 1,414 to 1,474; British nationals born in tion of each district had been in the hands Europe, America and Australia from of the district magistrate who appointed2230 to 3,110. for its management, a secretary in his The Census Officer estimates the popu
These appointees were seldom lation of pure European descent, to be yamen. qualified in any sense to advance the cause rather over 5,000, of Indian or mixed of education. This post was considered a Indian descent at 2,000. The remainder mere sinecure whose only value was that include Eurasians, Filipinos, and natives it gave official standing to some friend of British Dutch and French Colonies. or relative of the magistrate. Chúng s first task therefore, was to remove the schools from the control of these political meddlers. He established in each of the
B4 districts of the provinces Bureau of Education. This office was placed in charge of a properly qualified man, a man who had bad some education himself, and who was responsible, not to the district, magistrate, but to the Provincial Com- The schools of missioner of Education.
the district were then-transferred to the jurisdiction of the Bureau and thus re- moved from the baleful influence of local politics.
At
This was a step in the right direction, but it was only a beginning. Chung felt that the schools of the province could never be what they should be until the people of the province were convinced of their desirability and fired with a deter mination to establish-education on a permanent and effective basis. He there- fore trained two hundred lecturers to undertake a campaign of education " and carry the gospel of more and better schools to the people. These lecturers were sent into every corner of Kwang- tung. They told the people about the schools of other countries, particularly of America, where every boy and every girl had an opportunity to attend a school free of charge eThey told them of the benefit to their children; and to China na a whole if such a system could be institut- ed in their province. They told them just what was necessary in the way of money and effort if they wanted to have such schools and just how much the provincial government could help them. Meanwhile the provincial government was pushing the work at the Normal School to train the large additional force of teachers without which an extension of the educa tional facilities of the province would be impossible.
NATIONALITIES OF THE NON-CHINESE POPULATION.
3:
One of the tables attached to the Report supplies the following statistics
French
EUROPE,
ALIENS..
ALTERATION OF LOCATION,
In 1911 the upper levels west of Peel. Street, and south of Caine and Bonham Roads, part of the European reservation so called, were occupied almost entirely by non-Chinese mostly Europeans; in this. Census the figures are non-Chinese 1863, Chinese 4,838, 2nd of the non-Chinese. few are Europeans. except within and The place of the Germans scems to have near the University. East of Garden bech filled by the increased number of Road and south of the Military Reser Japanese, American and Dutch firms. vation, a district formerly occupied Americans have increased from 295, to entirely by Europeans with the exception 170. A number of American firms opened of 3 Boarding houses, very few European's during and after the close of the war, are now found, most of the houses being several for the purpose of managing U.S. occupied by Japanese of the merchant Males. Females. Total, Shipping Board ships, but indications go class. 4,708,3,183 7,889 to show that the permanent increase of 3 the American business community will 38 not be great. The French business com- 104munity who were never very important, 208 have slightly increased, but most of the 3 French nationals are engaged in religious 3 work Natives of Indo-China bave been 1 included under French. Italians and 56 Spanish of European descent are almost rapacity of
4all engaged in religious work; under lessees who were enabled to raise their 23 Spanish are classed a few who more rents enormously owing to the influx of 2,057 strictly speaking are Portuguese of Fil-rich Chinese refugees from Canton dur spino, but who claim Spanish nationality.ing the last ten years seeking temporary
house accommodation at any price.'
British Belgian Danish Dutch.
3
26
10
68
36
"108
100
German
Greek'.
Hungarian
17
39
3
16
896
1,159
Italian Latvian
Norwegian Portuguese Polish Roumanian
Russian
Swedish
1
"THE JAFÅNEBE.". Japanese have increased from 988 to 1.585, and; are now to be found in nearly every kind of trade, in the professions, crafts and domestic service. Numbers of them have now brought their families to
10
36
Spanish
30
Swiss
20
ARIA.
Arabian
1
Јаравен
913
670
Persian
1
Filipino
1.20
112
2
$
293 married women.
Turkish
10
Ten years ago the number of married 232 women was very small, but there are now Japanese have
AMERICA.
Siamese
Argentine Brazilian Cuban
Chilins Mexican
Panamian
Peruvian
United States of
The Portuguese have largely moved to Kowloon, where a new Garden City has been formed at Ho Mun Tin near the Yaumati Bhilway Station, and another. large scheme at Kowloon Tong is under- consideration for their accommodation." They have suffered more acutely than any other part of the community from the absentee landlords and
The Europeans displaced from the upper- levels have partly removed to flats in Kowloon, partly to the Hill District, the non-Chinese pepulation of which in creased by 17 per cent. in spite of the fact that a large Boarding-house was
the Colony, and the number of married temporarily closed and that the number
1,585 women and children is largely increased. of houses remained about the same as in
America
270 200
OBSERVATIONS ON THE NON- CHINESE POPULATION.
B
1011. At the time of the Census a number of European houses were in course of erection or projected in the Hill District. largely displaced Europeans in the last A beginning has been made with the. ten years in the middle levels between development for residential purposes, of Kennedy and May Roads, while most of the south side of the Island, rendered the artisans and small shopkeepers are accessible by the construction of_good to be found along the Praya in Wanchai motor roads, the picacers being the Hong- between Arsenal Street and Morrison kong Hotel Co., who have erected a Fill
"palatial hotel at Repulse Bay-
THE PORTUGUESE
* THE TOTAL POPULATION. The population by sections, is set out Males Females. Total.
The race known throughout the Far 470 East as Portuguese must not be confried as follows:-
with the Portuguese of Europe. They are the descendants of the Portuguese Island of Hong- pioneers of Western civilisation who reached China at the beginning of the Kowloon Penin-
sula 18th century, and, after many vicissitudes,
The Census Officer makes the following observations:-
kong
tion:
This was as far as affairs had progress- ed when Kwangtung again became the centre of a political struggle and passed
finally in the middle of that century New Territories, under the control of the northern mili-
established a permanent settlement on the North tarists. After the recent events in educa-
THE BRITISH.
barren rocky peninsula subsequently New Territories, tional circles in Peking; the long months Europeans-I estimate the sumber of known na Macau. It is recorded that
South without pay envelopes for teachers; the British nationals of European race at settlers married natives of Malacca and Floating Popula- strikes of students and faculty in 4,350. On referring to the age table it Japan, and during the early years of attempt to force the Government into a will be noticed that after age 7 the num the settlement they do not appear to have recognition of the necessity of caring för ber of children declines, the reason being intermarried with Chinese, as has been the regular expenses of the schools before all who can afford it send their children the case of more recent years. At no honouring the extravagant and dishonest home for education at that age: these time in the history of Macau does the demands of Tuchung and Super-Tuchuns; rarely return, since before their education number of females born in Europe seam it is needless to say that under the gentle is complete the parents have generally to have been worthy of note. By 1834 yoke of the Kwangsi crowd, education was left the Colony. The average attendance Macau had become a Colony in the trus not a primary interest. In fact, it slid of children during 1920 at British schools sense, the majority of the free inhabit. back to much the position it had held in pre-revolutionary days.
Futal
221,083, 126,318 347,401
74,698,48,750 123,448
·02,445 33,660. 60,114
9,322 7,757 17,040-
45,307 35,847 71,15/
382,357 242,300 625,180,
THE LACK OF NATIONAL
UNITY.
IN CHINA
con-
A Chinese wireless message from Wash- ington saga-Since the question cerning the authority of the Chinese Delegates to speak for the whole of China the actual position of the Peking Govern has been raised by the French Delegation, ment has been widely discussed, of course, unofficially and informally, among Ame
was 163. I estimate that the total num. ants of non-Chinese race having been EFFORTS TO MINIMISE THE FEUD ber of British children of European race born there. At that date out of a po With the return of Governor Chen of all ages to be about 500.
pulation of 3,693 free non-Chinese in- Chiung Ming and the re-establishment of
Most males reach the Colony between habitants, only 75 mules and 2 females the "constitutional government, how the ages of 21 and 25, and few remaia were born in Portugal, and there were ever, the task of establishing education after 55. In the case of females it is mostly officials, soldiers or ecclesiasties. on a modern basis was taken up, where it common for the-mothers to leave the It was not till the prosperity of Macau had been left off. Sufficient funds are not Colony often for good when their children began to decline with the rise of Bong available as yet for a general extension reach school age, in order to be with long that the Portuguese began from 1855 of the activities but much stress is being them during their education in England; onwards to migrate to Hongkong and laid on the work at the Normal School, hence at age 40 the number of married thence to every port in the Far East, rican. European and Japanese Delegates. the increase in the supply of teachers women rapidly declines. remains the chief requisite.
till at the present time a numerous The Chinese Delegates, Ambassador Sze, And be it said to the credit of Canton that the of the Health rate with that for a normal foreign trade is carried on. The total is utmost to prevent any official discussion Owing to various ressons & comparison Portuguese community exists wherever Dr. Koo and Dr. Wong are trying their teachers are being paid I
The establishment of the Canton Muni- popitiation settled in Europe is rather probably about 15,000; they form a of this matter, and that they are meet- fallacions. However, the death rate for separate community everywhere, at the ing with a certain amount of success is cipality as a separate governmental 1820 for British Nationals of Europead present day rarely marrying outside, and shown in that fact that a section of the entity, marked another step in the development of the new system. The race works out at 12 per thousand, an speaking their own particular dialect, American Press compares the existing in- schools of the city are dissociated from extremely low rate compared with some which portrays in its admixture of ternal fiend or political dispute between those of the rest of the province and other colonies, and well demonstrates the Hindustani, Malay, Japanese and Chinese Peking and Canton with the state of
affairs in Ireland, and Korea. administered by the City Commissioner acess of modern science in a Colony words the bistory of the race.
XMAS ANNUALS
TOY BOOKS af Education. Finances constitute the which 60 years ago, wan regarded as a Among the auraames of Hongkong
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chief problem at present, but, in spite of veritable death trap for Europeana. The Portuguese are found several of 200 IRRITATED & INFLAMED EYE The explanation can be directly traced in many cases to this difficulty, the municipality is derot birth rate works out at 29 per thousand Portuguese origin. ing twenty per cent. gore to the schools an exceptionally high rate for Hongkong, probably is that children of other the Sunday Motor trip and Golfing. The of the city alone than was spent on educa due to the unusually large number of European races brought up as Roman tion for the whole province under the young married women at present resident Catholics intermarried and became merg dust from sections of the local roads Kwangsi regime.
in, the Colony, SVAR
od in the Portuguese community,
contain, a decided eye irritant. A sug• The ultimate aim is compulsory educa
The actual number of British Arms has
Sexes-Batween the ages of 20 and 25 tion for all children of school age. This, not increased since 1911, and there is there are 87 males to 110 females, this gestion for these trips would be, to keep of course, is impossible of immediate at present a marked tendency to amal disparity grows till between 46 and 60 the windshield up and to use a pair of realization. The minimum estimate of gamation especially in the case of com- there are 35 males to 01 females. This Sun glasses. Sun glasses of any pastern children of school age is 100,000 Of these panies Trade depression In the Far disproportion has always been a feature with either Crookes, Luzfol, Bienzal, no more than 40,000 are now in school East showed itself early in 1920 before of the race in every Census, and is partly and of these only 7,000 are in public business in England bad had time to accounted for by the emigration of males Amber, London Smoke, or Blue lenses. institutions. The remainder are in pri- settle down after the completion of de as soon as they leave school, and later are obtainable at very moderate prices- vate or mission schools, of which there are mobilisation: hence the expected post-on in life, when their further prospects from The Hongkong Optical Co. suces about a thousand in the city. For the war increase in British firms in the of advancement here are small. During sora to Clark & Co., Manufacturing and other 60,000 or more children provision is Colony did not eventuate and at the pre the word number of males left the Refracting Opticians the most compet still to be made. So there is much to be sent time it does not appear likely that Colony for Shanghai and North China done. But a beginning has been made any increase in the British population The preponderance of females in the pre and that beginning is in the right of European race is likely to take place sent Consus is 50 to 44, while in 1834
in the near future.
Macau the figures were 8% to 387
direction.
est manufacturing optical establishment in South China- located in 53, Queen's Road Central (opposite to the Singer Bering Machina Company,----ÄDYT./. [5629-