Page
CABLES.
LATEST CABLES. ĮTAKOJAM REUTER'S AGENCY.)"
· VASHINGTON CONFERENCE.
JAPAN WAIVES PREFERENTIAL
RIGHTS.
TRO HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7TH, 1971.
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE LULL.
Lobos, December 8th.
The irritation evidenced in sections of the Preas and public in America over the delay
in waiting for Tokio'n reply is in no way shared in official ciroles which
are profiting by the luli to make pro- gress in drafting. The lult has also given an opportunity for the crystallation WASHINGTON, December 8th.
of views which, when silted, beam to de- On the resumption by the Sino-Japanese note an excellent outlook for complets alegates Japan agreed to waive all pre-aaval agreement. Italy will support the orential rights to Shantung.
LATER.
British position regarding submarinos and America is moving sensibly, towards it, partly as result of the pressure of, public opinion, while, France" shows no signs of being unreasonable. Though the complete abolition of submarines is not looked for, a substantial step thence is possible. Progress as regards land arma ments is unlikely to go beyond a polite resolution. Mature views on the Quad
LATEST GABLES,
THE IRISH PROBLEM.
*** THE NEWS IS NO LONGER BAD."
LONDON, December 8th,
U
The conferences of the Sinn Feiners and the Cabinet terminated at 2.30 in the morning, after a three-hour midnight sitting, when it was authoritatively stated that an agreement had been reached, the full torms of which will be published later.
EARLIER CABLES.
LONDON, December 5th. Tho Sinn Fein reply to the Govern ment's proposals cabled on the 2nd inst. were harded to the Government yeater day. It is described as a reasoned nega- Negotiations have not been broken off but tive, suggesting certain the outlook is grave.
amendments.
EX-KAISER TO REMARRY. REPORTED ENGAGEMENT" TO OFFICER'S WIDOW.
BERLIN, December 8th.
that the ex-Kaiser has decided to re The newspaper Zwodfuhrblast assorts
marry, and has chosen the widow of a Danzig officer killed in the war.
A REINISH-REPUBLICr REPORTED RESOLUTION OF THE POPULATION.
IMPORTANT GOVERNMENT
ENTERPRISE.
HONGKONG ROADS IN EMBRYO.
QUARRY AT THAT-TSZ-MUT" DESCRIBED.
ย
it cannot produce all the broken stone required. The machine, it appears. is cheaper by some ceata a cubic yard than hand labour.
A POWERFUL MACHINE.
The orusher is à "fearsome machine The Colonial Secretary, in the Legislatorture to the religious enthusiasts of that would have suggested new ideas in tive Council the other day, advised hoa.mediaval. fimes. It is a very simple. members that they would find a visit to the-Public-Works Department's quarry
mashing but horribly offretive-Is section it is like a letter "V" with one at Tsat-tez-mui (on the way to Quarry side vortical instead of sloping, and Bay) to be full of interest. A repre- not quite closed at the angle. The slop sentative of the Hongkong Daily Pressing side is 'actuated by an eccentric wheel PARIS, December 5th. took the hint, appointed himself as a forward towards the opposing wall und so that it constantly and rapidly lunges, A Mayence message states that a Con- Conumission of Inquiry and was taken, then withdraws. A piece of rock-in gross, including 634 delegates from all recently, by Mr. H. E. Goldsmith, Exocu-earlier days it would have been a heretic sections of the Rhinish population, met sonally conducted tour of the quarry.
tive Engineer in charge, for peris: pitched between the jaws and god a at Bona and passed a favour of the proclamation of indepen-not speaking beyond the mark in pro- the withdrawing movement, the rock, now resolution in He found that the Hon. Mr. Severn was granite as though it were loaf sugar. On. "scrunch" powerful enough to rive dant, neutral Rhinish Republic-Havas.mising & most interesting afternoon.
Residents in the Colony socopt as a
in smaller pieces, slips further down NEAR EASTERN QUESTION.traordinarily well served in the matter until it is reduced to the size to which matter of course that Hongkong is ex-
into the jaws and gets more crushing of road construction and street paving, the jaws have been set. The product is, but the fact impresses italf very strongly therefore, stone of all sizes from fine. upon the casual visitor who has just cast up to the size to which the jaws come, say from the ports of call in
wore set. With two crushers at, work, Japan, where modern road-making is 190 tons of rock are dealt with in a day. still in its early stages. Road construc A conveyor after the pattern of a tion engineers who pass through the river dredger takes the crushed material nothing to teach our P.W.D. officials. circular screens of different mesh. From the acreens the stone passes into storage gravitation. through shoots, wherever it bins and from thence it passes by
JAPAN'S RENOUNCEMENT. The Shantung announcement was made in the course of an official statemont de- daring that Mr. Hagihara stated: "Japan will renounce preferential rights as regards foreign assistance, in persons, capital and material stipulated in the Sino-German Treaty of March 6th, 1808. -After an exchange of views the delega- f "uple: Agreements a re-not-yet-obtainable (The previous-message stated: The-sources-Lord-Curzon is expected in Paris Colony freely admit that they haves it falls from the crushers to revolving
view
to
The only London papers which have bitherto expressed an opiniqu are the Chronicle which declares that the now Alliance if it. protected each other's possessions in the Far East against attack. besides guaranteeing the integrity of China, would be a way of scrapping to the Anglo-Japanese Treaty very much to its liking, and the Westminster Gopette which is frankly of the opinion that the Alliance, has outlived its day and purpose and must be abandoned, but not with out substituting some other arrangement.
tions decided that the Customs at Taing tan shall be made an integral part of the maritime customs with an understanding, firstly, that the Chinese Government shall "make a recommendation to the Inspector Gomeral of the Chinese Maritime Cus toma with
permitting Japanese traders at Tsingtao communicate with the said Customs in the Japanese language; secondly, that the Chinese Government shall make a re commendation that in the selection of a suitable staff for the Tsingtao Customs considération shall be given, within the limits of established service regulations, In the needs of the trade of Tsingtao. With these two understanding the Japanese delegates waived all the privi leges formerly enjoyed by the Germans 1 relation to maritime customs at Tsingtao. The Provisional Sino-Japanese Agreement relative to the Maritimo Customs Office at Tsingtao of June 8th, 1915, will be automatically abrogated when the above-mentioned decision comes into affect
The meeting then adjourned till thres p.a. on December 8th.
"
U.S. BUDGET FIGURES.
WASHINGTON, December 8th. Additional particulars regarding the 1923-budget in President Harding's mes sage show an expenditure of $183,000,000 less than the estimated current expendi tare. Towards meeting the deficit the President recommends legislation author. ising the reduction of the accumulated naval supply account by $100,000,000.
BARLIER CABLES. -INFORMAL SINO-JAPANESE DIS- CUSSION BEGARDING SHANTUNG
WASHINGTON, December 8th. While the formal session of the Con- inst, informal discussions between groups ference has been suspended until the 7th
aportant being the Sino-Japanese con- of delegates have continued, the most
negotiations ia to be expected until the No defnite development in the naval Japanese delegates receive the anti- Government cipated statement of views from their
THE QUADRUPLE ENTENTE.
WASHINGTON, December 5th. It is definitely and authoritatively learned that the draft of a quadrupla eatente as a substitute for the Anglo- Japanese alliance is now being consider ed by the British, Japanese American, and French Governmenta PRESIDENT HARDING'S CONGRESS
MESSAGE.
THE PROPOSED NEW AGREEMENT Whilst the question of a three or fou Power agreement to replace the Anglo-versations in regard to Shantung. apanese Alliance continues to attract e attention of some delegates at the koference there is apparently no present sposition on the part of the American overnment to entertain the proposal though a later suggestion may be con- dered provided that it does not include squirements opposed to Americas public pinion. It is stated on high authority at the naval programme as referred to okio does not involve proposals of a political agreement of any character, but President Harding, in the course of his The Washington newspapers report that solely concerns the naval and military annual Message to Congress, which re- assembles on the 6th inst., will stay that aspects of the situation which the Ameri- should the Conference fail he estimates ca Delegation expects to be settled with that the United States should spend over 8800,000,000 on the Army and the Navy out a conditioning decision on any sort for the year ending June 30th, 1923. This of political rearrangement. Baron Kato is 250,000,000 less than for the current declared that he did not purpose playing priations
year, but far above the pre-war appro the bargaining game or matching politi-States cannot greatly reduce its military The message continues that the United cal guarantees against the naval ratio and naval appropriations until all the Powers likewise agree. The revenue for 1923 is axtimated at 23.338.000.000 and expenditure at 83,503,000,000 including war debt of $370,000,000, the Navy $132,000,000, and reduction of debt $389,000,000
ין
concessions:
FRENCH AND ITALIAN FLEETS.
PARIS, December 8th.
A message from Washington states that the question of reduction of the French and Italian flects will probably come up this week. The French claim for a tonnage of three hundred thousand tons, seventy-five thousand tons of which is to be in submarines, seems unlikely to meet with fundamental objections, at least as regarda big ships, as far as can be judged From opinions of the delegations semi- afficially consulted by Mr. Hughes who to-day favourably assured M. Jusserand 3w the point.
LATEST CAELES.
SHIPPING FREIGHTS. AUSTRALIAN LINES TEN PER CENT. REDUCTION.
SYDNEY, December 5th. The Conférence and Commonwealth
The King gave an audience to Mr. Lloyd George this morning and discussed at length the latest phase of the negotia- tions. A full meeting of the Cabinet was subsequently held.
ANGLO-FRENCH CONFERENCE THIS WEEK.
joint policy as regards
PARIS, December 8th. Aciording to reports from various Sion Fein envoys are on the way to this week, when, according to Le Metin Dublin carrying the final draft of the he will have an opportunity to discuss to comprise probably Dominion status for with M. Briand Cabinet's proposals, which are understood the twenty-six countries in the south and Turkey-Havas. west, Ulster to have the option to apply for inclusion in an All-Ireland Parlia Dominions within the Empire, a com- ment later, allegiance on the lines of the mission to be established to determine the political and religious frontiers of Tyrone on a plebiscite.],
THE "MUCKLE HOOSE” STAKES AT SHANGHAI,
PRINCIPLES OF ROAD MAKING.
and Fermanagh, with power to decide POPULAR EWO SUBSTITUTE FOR in order to arrive at just that admixture is let out as required from the rotary
LATKE.
IMPORTANT MODIFICATIONS. .. Another meeting of the Anglo-Irish was held to-day, when, it is understood, Conference, lasting four and a half hours, important modifications were made in the Sing Fastest Government proposals, which the Feiners subsequently discussed privately.
FLUCTUATING MARK.
INCREASE IN THE CURRENT NOTE CIRCULATION,
LONDON, December 5th. German marks on London were quoted The Reichsbank's current note circula increase for the week amounting to tion amounts to M.100,944,000,000, the M.4,480,000,000.
at 030,
event.
AN OLD ST. ANDREW'S..
Out
the
Ontside the United States of America there are very few places where the principles of scientific road making have wanted. On this occasion the stone been so carefully investigated as they was going into a hopper which led to a have been in Hongkong. Mr. H. E. Gold rotary drier By the time is gets out, smith is the author of a standard work the stone is heated to a very high on the subject, and it would surprise the temperature so that it is absolutely free average citizen to discover what long from all moisture. There is no guess- and careful experiments have been made work about the mixing process. Stone of materials which will give, as nearly drier by lifting a sliding door; the as possible, DAY EVENT.
"maximum density" and, material falls into therefore, greatest resistance to wear and hinged bottom,
measure with a
drew's Day, says the N.-C. Daily News, rodily understood that "
tear.
A measured quantity Ewo distinguished itself on St. An explanation of the subject, it will be the bottom of the measure is released and Without attempting scientific of hot tar (at 350 deg. F.) is added; in providing a substitute for a very old roadway must be reduced to a minimum mixers long, revolving rod with a voids" in a the material falls at the foot of a spiral Shanghai institution, the race for the St.-this is the secret of success in modern spiral thread, set at an angle of 30 Andrew's Cup, the mile handicap on the road construction. Race Course at midday proving a great After working
degrees from the horizontal. attraction and a really popular sporting thematically and plotting graphically mixer, the material is ready f
the problem After travelling the length of the spiral There were 17 starters, all ridden the results of various screenings of the road" by members of Ewo staff, with only two material to be used to make up-the-mix-hopper, which abuts on the highway, to
and passes either to acted » riders absent, and, in place of the usual ture, the Hongkong experta have got as bo transported, later, to the work, or it puri unutuel prahiminaries, some of our car maximum density smatour bookmakers had a great oppor. possible to get Granite weighs 160 lbs. is shot into a covered-in lorry and goes
as it seems were two zival camps shouting the produces a mixture which weighs 164 lbs. to just about the right degree at which tunity for earning an honest dollar. There to the cubic foot; the Works Department it gets there its temperature is reduced straight to the job in hand. By the time Zaandam, Pilgrim, and Djemnah were in that state it is malleable it is put is first lightly rolled with a light hand. odds," and it was gathered that Nelson, to the cubic foot- They serve it up hot it should be laid, vir, 250 deg. F. It dreds to one in respect of some of the 250 degrees, Fahrenheit, rolled before, it stone roller and, within three hours, favourites, in the order named, Han-down at a temperature of not less than other candidates were freely offered, and gets cold, and, 24 hours later, it is ready again rolled with a 10-ton steam roller. not taken, and in the absence of place to take the heaviest traffe.
If allowed to remain for a longer period betting, Bachelor Tar was a poor 'specula- PROPOSED EXTENSIONS OF THE QUAERY.
than this, it sets beyond the possibility of tion at 100 to 3. While the race was in
further compression. progress" not incredible rumour was P.W.D. quarry, but there is another. making contain a larger number of That is one branch of the work at the The International Monetary Confer-current that sconts had been placed dis- There never was such a place as Hong-ingredients than were being mixed at the Some of the compositions for road don to-day to consider means of re-gates in view of the possibility of a too-adapting the words ence, which should have opened in Loncreetly in the vicinity of the Race Course koug for concrete. The White Ant, moment, but the principle of manufacture babilitating currencies, he been inderealistic." welshing
of "the Ancient would be the same. tough being given Mariner, might very well say, discon- at Washington. finitely postponed owing to developments to the proceedings by gentlemen with the solately, delegates are actually in London. of Germany, American and Australian
Besides Dr. Rathenau, pencil
"Concrete, concrete everywhere
UTILISATION OF BY-PRODUCTS... and not a bite to eat." The starters were as follow:-
A large propor tion of the concrete piles, railings, alabs, dust from the screening is utilised. This Nothing is lost at the quarry; even the Ib.mouldinga, etc., used in the public ser- is made into the paving slabs seen on Hunter (Mr. V. I. K. Craddock)... 177 vice are made at the quarry, and the War the public highways. The output at pre- Kiangwan Town (Mr. C. C. Boyd) 145 Department and private firms have also sent is 200 paving alabs per day, or Djemaah (Mr. W. A. Dalgarno) ...164 been supplied. Extensions now in contem- 73,000 a year and the plant is being Trylle IL (Mr. Jan Beith)....... 165 plation include a cabinet workshop where duplicated to keep pace with the demand. Inveravon (Mr. F. A. Pollock) ... 147 furniture for Government quarters will Glenal (Mr. R. Gordon) 164 be made and minor repairs executed; also of manufacture we stepped across the .After seeing the paving slabs in course Bachelor Tax (Mr. H. G. Elliot)... 169 garages and t mechanical workshop road to the strip of land between the road · Christmas Bell (Mr. A. J. P. for the repair of mechanically-driven and the foreshore where concrete piles:
Heard)
158 vehicles owned by Government Foston (Mr. V. H. Lanning)
The for the new Statue Pier are accumulat **** 140 electrical workshop at Wanchai, where ing. Tais One of Them (Mr. H. H. Lennox)... 157 all the Government electrical and tele- quarry, which requires a good of a section of the work at Zaandam (Mr. L. Zellensky) 0148 phonic work is done, will probably be space. Each concrete pile is set near the
"
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY ⠀
CONFERENCE POSTPONED.
LONDON, Documber 5th,
DEATH OF BRIGADIER- GENERAL PHILLIPS.
A.D.C. TO FORMER-GOVERNOR OF THE COLONY,
LONDON, December 6thr The death has occurred of Brigadier- de-Camp to the Governor of Hongkong. General G. F. Phillips, formerly Aido-
(The deceased officer was in Hongkong twenty-three years ago. As a Captain in the West Yorkshire Regiment he was A.D.C. to Governor, Sir William Robin- SOD, G.C.M.G.]
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS LOAN- FAVOURABLE COMMENT BY THE "TIMES".
Pilgrim (Mr. A. N. Dallas) Nelson (Mr. G. C. C. Harper) ... 189
168 moved out to the quarry later.
The quarry was started in 1914,"
water's edge, convenient for removal," and, when the mould is taken away the Prior to that, it had been found that pile remains in situ until it is matured the contractors could not keep pace with matter of eight to ten weeks, so that the Government's demands. velopment of the Colony was proceeding on band. Similarly, there is a stock of The de a good many of the huge piles are always so quickly that it was absolutely essential a thousand or so of paving slabs. Like to have a reliable and constant source the whisky distilleries, the quarry has of supply. The benefit derived from the to work for the future and have supplies quarry cannot be aver estimated as it in hand to mature.
Not so Dusty (Mr. G. D. Raeburn) 138 Mr. Goldsmith told our representative
John Jorocks (Mr. F. Gandossi).... 149 Biwa (Mr. W. G. Johns) 138 Great Sport (Mr. E. B. Clarke) 150 Djemaah won by a neck, the official result being:
Djemaah (Mr. Dalgarno) Zaandam (Mr. Zollensky) Bachelor Tax (Mr. Elliot) Won by a nock: a lenkti. Time, 2min. 08:3-5eee,
"
3
enabled work to be carried out with far greater despatch and more cheaply than
ADVANTAGES OF THE QUARRY..
in the output, but, even so, it is found valuable piece of municipal enterprise the contractors could do it. There has been a progressive increase, every year, to place on record, a description of this The foregoing, it is hoped, will serve
impossible although working at the a it now is. In two years' time, when utmost limit of capacity, Loop the extension and re-planning of the
∙to
LONDON, December 5th. Commenting upon the Straits Settle favourable financial ments loan, the Times emphasises the Straits and the Malay States Govern way of a souvenir for the last man in
position of the The threat of a "wooden spoon" by ments in recent years, and saya that the spired another great finish, Mr. Crad contraction of revenues during the past dock, on Hunter, and Mr. Gandassi, on year was inevitable in consequence of the John Jorrocks, bringing up the rear in paco with the demand. Plans are being quarry has been completed, conditions industries; but this may be regarded Gandossi left Mr. Craddock in possession model the quarry with a view to larger been written will acute depression in the rubber and tin fine style. With a supreme effort, Mr. prepared to double the plant and re- will be so different that what has just merely as an incidental check, which will disappear sa world trade revives.
seem like ancient A jovial event was Sttingly terminated The following table shows the results Colony derives from the work done at history. The advantages which the WAS SHE SUBMARINED?
at the Grand Stand, where Mrs. Brooke of the working of the quarry in 1920 and Tant-taz-mui may be briefly summarised Smith gave the silver trophies to Mesars. in previous year and well illustrates as follows:- INQUIRY INTO LOSS OF DUTCH
Dalgarno, Zeliansky and Elliott, and the the increased demand: spoon to Mr. Craddock, being in turn STEAMER
presented by Mr. Dalgarno with a pretty bouquet of flowers.
THE HAGUE, December 5th...| The International Commission of In quiry into the loss of the Dutch steamer Tubantia, sunk in the North Sea on March 16th, 1916 by, it is alleged Germaa submarine opens in the Palace of Peace privately on January 18th. 1.
CHINESE STUDENTS IN FRANCE. DONATION TO RELIEVE THEIR DISTRESS.
.7
of the spoon by a short head.
Mr. Brooke Smith, on behalf of Ewo, thanked the Stewards of the Race Club: for their kindness in, letting them have the use of the course, and also expressed their appreciation of the very satisfac tory handicap arranged by Mr. Milner.
The first prize for the event was pre- sented by Mr. O. C. Boyd, and the second, third and last by Mr. R. M. Austin. The event does not count as an "official"
outpat”..
Crushed granite, cubic
yards
Tar
(a.) Maas-production of concrete work at prices considerably below those quoted by contractors.
(b.)-Preparation of special asphaltic road material of the highest durability and consequent cheaprcas at prices con siderably less than those of the inter- national syndicates specialising in road. paving proceASCS.
(e)-Utilisation of all by-products. For example, dust and siftings are made into paving slabs, or used as in- gredients in special asphaltic mixtures. (d)-Provision of facilities for "try- ing-out now ideas.
1917. 1920.
5,529 18,071 macadam,
cubic yards
1,136 843 Asphaltic mixtures, cubio
yards
421 1,473 Paving slabs: Nos. 18,602,43,634 THE PROCESSES DESCRIBED. The quarry is on the road to Shau- kiwan, with easy access, also, to tha water-front. Looking into it, on arrival, there was a mighty fuss and clatter "of machinery in the middle distance" but this was to be disregarded for the moment and we went straight to the quarry face One looks to the Government to be s One point of criticism suggests itself. in order to trace the progress of opera model employer and it would be good tions from the beginning
to see some of the time devoted to schemes "At 19 and 8 o'clock we blast," re for cheapening production applied to marked Mr. Barrington, clerk of works, improving the conditions of labour in alling attention to the operations the quarry. Some of the mon have to of men
with long roda who were work in a cloud of dust as dense as the Dwynmen owned by Mr. H. E. Belilios, ARBUCKLE RETRIAL FIXED House of Commons Channel Tunnel Com- do away with this hand labour Thirty upon their lungs. "Any scheme that could In a booklet which Sir Arthur Fell, ceive dynamite charges. It is hoped, atmosphere so heavily laden with dust jabbing away making holes tore old London “particular"; to breathe an
The Sub-Committes on Drafting adopt forty-six days journey froth Aden owing | TWO WOMEN PROVE DISSENTIENT mittes, of which he is chairman, the blasta a day dislodge 80 to 100 cubic be devised to reduce the escape of dust MP, has just issued on behalf of the Boon, to have electric drille and particles must have a deleterious effect
WIRELESS IN CHINA.
WARRINGTON, December 5th.
ed Senator Root's tentative plan whereby wireless installation in China will be res tricted to diplomatic and Governmental messagen The use of installations will "be restricted to the terms accorded by the Chinese license and the Powers will co operate with China in order to secure
interference with wave lengths;
shipping lines have made a general reduc- tion of ton per cent, in ovarsena freights. The reduction is greater in some classes.
AN ANXIOUS VOYAGE. HONGKONG MAN'S YAUHT SAFE:
COLOMBO, December 5th.
The hundred and fifty ton sailing yacht Hongkong, has arrived after an anxious
to becalment. The crew of ten were re- duced to ship's biscuita. FRANCE AND HER COLONIES.
race.
PARIS, December 5th. M. Geston-Menier has given F.5,000 to
CHANNEL TUNNEL. relieve Chinese studenta in France who MARSHAL FOOH ON WHAT MIGHT are distressed, especially owing to the collapse of the Banque Industrielle de
HAVE BEEN.. Chine...
JURORS."
opinion of Marshal Fooh respecting the yards, er, roughly, a hundred tons of into the air would be highly advantage- Channel Tunnel is published for the first rock.
ous. Bomething might be done, too, to SAN FRANCISCO, December 6th: The two jurors who voted for the co-soldier said: "Had there been a tunnel about the quarry face, were breaking up remodelling of the quarry will include time. In March last, at the Cerola Inter- While the five o'clock firework display protect the men who feed the crushers allid in Paris, the distinguished French was being preparod, a bevy of men all from the sparks and stones that ay back viction of Arbuckle are both women. PARIB, December 8th. Une refused to consider, the evidence and under the Channel before the war it might the proceeds of the last explosion into a mechanical conveyor of the spalls to the stone is snahed. But perhaps the Emphasising the necessity of maintain declared at the opening of the delibera have prevented the way." ing communication between Franco and
On another" spalls,"rock of a convenient site to her colonies, M. Denazet of the Chamber ions that she would not change her occasion Marshal Foch added: Had the go into the crusher to which it, procood the crusher, Naval Committee thought this would Arbuckle declares that the result in the Channel Tunnel in 1814 the war would of line. Bome of the stone-breakers were advised to spare a little time to visit
opinion best be attained by the creation of at maral acquittal. The re-trial has boon have been shortened by at least two reducing stone to 1 inch tire because the quarry and son, in embryo, how the
until hall froze." "
British and French been in possession of in two-ton trucks on a short length journeying eastwards, would be well Members of the general public, when
least a thousand hydroplanes
fized for January 9th.
until the szuching plant is duplicated, I fine rada on which they travel are made.
years,