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UNCLAIMED TELEGRAMS.
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ground, or that it will provide the CHILD LABOUR IN HONGKONG reform. As the data necessary for such a
The following unclaimed telegrama neg scheme could only be obtained after a
remedy needed; but we think that is will RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE COM
searching enquiry into industrial condo good in sausing contractors to realise ring in the Great Northern Telegraphi
"ADDENSSERMAN ANT FROM MITTEE OF INQUIRY,
ditions as a whole and into the financial
their responsibilities to labour in fosterLompany's officeat Hongkong: resources of the Colony, a more moderate ing co-operation between them and In- Snell King Edward Hotel... Shanghai
Dewing proposal of regulation appears to be pre-spectors, and in gathering information Furayakanii c/o Enjoouego Shanghai
It will about a section of the community of Ford Mantests ferable as a,temporary measure.
excerpt:~-
Road BA
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Road West
3
1473
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Shanghai Kate Vladivostock
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Евом "Saigon
Colombo
The Report of the Committee appoint ed to inquire into the conditions of the industrial employment of children in Hongkong and the desirability and feas: be pointed out that although the pro-whom little is known. As a scale of Commercial ibility of legislation for the regulation of posals reduce the working hours of chil-weights suitable for children over the agents of Brochuo Buch employment was, by command of dren by periods varying from 25 per cent of thirteen (13) and below that of six- HE. the Governor, laid on the table to 10 per cent, on the old levels, yet, as teen (16), it is suggested that twenty (20) 8856 of the Legislative Council pesterday. It children are paid by piece rates they will cutties is a suitable minimum, and that a corresponding reduction in load should exceed forty, (40) catties. is a voluminous report and we do no suffer
It will also be stated that the For purposes of comparison it may be more than give the following lengthy wagt
children themselves like the work, and added that one small brick is roughly that to reduce their bours of labour will equivalent to 1 catties, so that the num
The following is a list of unclaimed 6.-As a result of the interviews with cause unnecessary hardship in families bor of bricks that "a child may carry
Australasia, and China Telegraph Company's factory managers, and the visits to dependent on, their earnings All these should vary from eight to sixteen (8 to
office at Hongkong :--- factories previously described, we are of arguments can be paralleled from the 18). Between these limits the load would telegrams lying in the Eastern. Extendon,
ADDRESSIN opinion that legislation should be intro history of the Factory Acte controversy be adjusted to the age and physical tit duced to give effect to the following rein England in the forties of last century, ness of the child. It is most desirable
and the reply is that the question. is that this standard, should not be inter Cipertin Leommendations:-
(1). That all employers of children be essentially moral and not only economic, proted too literally. The figures are not Nendin ta afford a rough" indication of the Treuiss compelled to register them. This re- A child is not a correct judge of its own in any sense faal, and are only meant Sakamoto Amoigal commendation is meant to apply not welfare.
"The feasibility of compulsory educa carrying capacity of children of different Williamson Co. Robinson Rd. Takow only to factories and workshops" but when practicable to employers of casual tion has been examined, but owing to the ages. What maat at all coats be avoided difference of opinion on the question it is the harrying of labourers by petty Labour.
(2) That no child under the age of has not been found possible to come to oficiais. These suggestions can only re- eleven (11) (Chinese) years be employ any unanimous conclusion. A memoran sult in good if Inspectors and contrac ed in any factory, or in any form odum on compulsory education was, sub-tors work in close co-operation. In this casual labour, and that in any case mitted by the Rev. H. R. Wells and at connection we are greatly indebted to Mr. arising under this legislation, the onusa meeting held on May 23rd the Director Li Ping, the result of whose investiga- 11 In brief our recommendations are of proving the age of the child be upon of Education stated the difficulties of tions is to be found in Appendix 3 (4). carrying out these suggestions--such us
as follows: the employer.
One of the Commissioners, the Rev. those of providing accommodation, of Mr. Wells, wishes the age to be this registering children, and of arranging teen (13) and not eleven (11) as above, for the stalling and inspection of the and wishes the age of labour to be schools. These difficulties are real, but increased by one year every succeeding at the same time the opinion may be year, or as soon as possible, until child hazarded that they are inherent in every scheme of compulsory education, and labour is entirely abolished.
that as they have been overcome in other countries, they could, if the community hud the will to do so, be overcome in Hongkong. Mr. Wells' memorandum and the statement of the Director of Educa tion are printed in Appendix 2.
This recommendation does not apply to children engaged in genuine domes tic work, but it does apply to children employed in carrying paraphernalia in Chinese processions.
(3) That the hours of work for chil.
We do not agree with the frequently! dren de not exceed fifty-four (51) per expressed opinion that an extension of week, that children be prohibited from working at any time more than five educational facilities in Hongkong would the interior to take advantage of them. hours consecutively, and that they be be followed by a rush of people from ensured one day's rest in every seven It is a common experience of countries (1) days
(4) That children be not employed that have adopted compulsory education that opposition may be expected from between the hours of 7 p.m. and those for whose benefit the scheme is in- No question of overtime or night shifts should be allowed to override this rul- ings laid down in sub-section (3).
We think that half time work should be encouraged and that children should be educated during the other half time of present inhabitants than to an influx
tended. There is no reason to suppose that the experience of Hongkong would be different, and on this ground the ten- tency would rather be towards an exodus
of newcomers, and it would have the effect of stopping the immigration of child labourers which is very large,
if possible. Even if children have not been working during the day they should not be employed between the The inter- hours of pim. and 0 a.m. mittent sleep, which is the usual lot of workers on night shifts, is especially harmful to the physique of children.
One of the Commissioners Mr. Chow
In view of the fact that many children Shou Son, is of the opinion that chil- dren over fourteen (14) should be per- must earn their living by manuiti labour, mitted to work between the hours of it is suggested that steps be taken to pro- vide an abacation for them uitad ta pinkmekuklash, they
their racial peed - Eng tion 5 (2) children be not employed in glass factories.
One of the Commissioners Mr. Chow Shou Son, however, does not share this view, as evidenced by the attached ex tracts from a Memorandum by him which forms Appendix 4.
(6) That for the reasons given in Sec. tions (3) children be not employed in engineering works on the work of boiler. chipping.
One of the Commissioners, Mr. Chow Shou Son, thinks that boys over four- teen (14) should be permitted to work at boller chipping if their physical con dition satisfies the Inspectors.
(7) That children be not employed in dangerous trades.
(8) That employers be compelled to provide accommodation, which can ne used by workers during meal hours, and as a rest house for children, taken to factories by their mothers; and further that they be compelled to pros de suit ablo dressings and first aid appliances, which can be used in cases of accident, with and to equip their factories approved sanitary conveniences,
EM
training in manual work in addition to at least a "primary education." The dig nity of manual labour should be em Phasized and the bearing of intellect on manual work explained.
In the course of time we hope that adult labour will replace that of children that the Government in factories, so
(1) That all employers of children be for this purpose a child be considered compelled to register them, and that as a person below the age of sixteen (18) years (Chinese), and that when possible this should be applied to em- ployers of casual labour.
(2) That no child under the age of eleven (11) be employed in any factory, nor should any child under thirteen (13) be employed in any form of casual labour, and that the onus of proving the age of a child be on the employer. One of the Commissioners Rev. Mr. Weils is not in entire agreement, (vide Section 6 (2)).
(3) That the hours of work for chil dren do not exceed fifty-four (54) per week; that children do not at any time work more than five (5) hours consecu- tively; that they bu ensured-one-day's rest in every seven (7) days; and that where and when possible some of half time labour be encouraged.
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(4) That children be not employed during the hours between 7 p.m. and Ba.m. One of the Commissioner Mr. Chow Shou Son is not in entire agice, ment, (vide Section 8 (4)).
(5) That children be not employed in glass factories.
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(6) That children be not employed in the work of boilor chipping. One of the Commissioners Mr. Chow Shou Son is not in entire agreement, (vide Sec-Finnan tion 6 (6) )...
(7) That children be not employed in Kipper...
Red Harrings dangerous trades.
(8) The employers be compelled to provido fest Yooms and suitable sabi- make due provision for medical aid in i case of accidents.
(a) That Inspectors be appointed for all classes of child labour.
(10) That in building and engineer- ing contracts articles be inserted, re: gulating the weights to be carried by children.
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We do not intend that the above series should be asked either to undertake the of recommendations be regarded as hard necessary industrial training or to en- and fast rules which admit of ao deria-No. 1, D'Aguilar Street, Telephone No.. courage private enterprise in this direction. They represent no more than a
Meanwhile tion.
schools for half beginning, of which the ultimate object- timers," such as those which have been must be the entire removal of children The speed with which this object is accomplished will depend successfully started in India, might be from factories. tried.
upon the spirit in which factory legisla tion, if approved, is administered,
In Shanghai a Chinese lady has had good results with such methods. In her Industrial Home" the children do four (1) hours manual work and four (4) hours studs, while the remainder of the day is devoted to recreation.
Such or similar methods might be at- tempted in Hongkong."
PART II
CHILDREN EMPLOYED IN CASUAL LABOUR.
The Report is signed by the Hon. Mr. Li Ping, Dr. C. W. McKonny, Miss A. M. S. B. C. Ross, Mr. Chow Shou, Soa, Mr. Pitts, and the Rev. HP. Wells
COCAINE TRADE IN THE "FAR EAST.
The Daily Telegraph says that at the
(0) That, inspectors be appointed for all classes of child labour, as the regula tions proposed are obviously dependent
NATIONS. on a fatem of inspection. Our inten 9.-The employment of children outside TO COME BEFORE THE LEAGUE OF tion is to avoid introducing a series of factories in casual and unskilled work, factory regulations which will merely and especially in burden bearing, is the lead on the one hand to squeeze," and most difficult problem which we have had
Reliable information is ex- League of Nations Assembly questions on the other to Police Court prosecu to face. tions; and it is, therefore, essential tremely difficult to procure, the work is relating to the world's requirements in that laspectors should be persons of done by, the poorest members of the drugs; such as opium, morphine, and standing. Unless knowledge, tact and community, who have often no fixed place cocaine, come within the scope of the sympathy are employed in the work of of abode, and the place of work is con- Health Committee, which will probably inspection, the system of regulation stantly being changed. The eyes of Euro-be asked to ascertain approximately the number of pean inhabitants are naturally drawn to quantity of these drugs required by the may degenerate into irritating prosecutions that will do those who carry bricks and other mate different countries. This is a matter of little, good, and that, will, tend to the rials to the Peak and Hill Districts, bat importance, especially in relation to the estringement of the various sections of the same kind of labour is carried on cocaine trade, which has vastly increased the community.
We are convinced that all over the Colony Children are freely in certain directions Japan, for in- the larger and more reputable factory employed in this work; and investigation stance, now imports about thirty times owners will do their best to make effec. has shown that even those as young as the quantity of this drug which she im tive any suggestions which the Govern- seven (7) or eight (8) years are not ported before the Chinese opium traffic ment may make; and the efforts exempted. The physical condition of was prohibited. Japan herself does not, of the Inspectors should be directed to many of the women who have been long it is well known, consume this vastly in- co-operating with them in making the engaged in this work is even worse than creased quantity, and there is a well- regulations known in the lesser fac that of the children, and judging from founded supposition that it is amuggled tories. Only by educative co-operation this we are driven to the conclusion that into China to replace the prohibited can the best results be obtained from no form of work exercises such a de opium, though the Japanese Government: these proposala, mutta s
grading-effect upon the workers as labour states it is unable to trace how the We think that the ranks of the In- of this kind. We are unable to suggest cocaïne is disposed ofe spectors should include Chinese repre- any regulations which will suffice to sentatives as well as British, women alter this state of things, and in our
as well as men, and voluntary workers opinion the real solution of the question
FIEUZAL GLASSES.
as well as Government servants. We lies in Mechanical Transport. As far as Out of doors there is nothing so restful do not propose to draw up the details the "Peak is concerned the approaching
the
of this organisation, as we are not completion of the motor road should and comfortable for the eyes as tl light suficiently well informed of the work bring this method of transport within reflected from green fields and trees," of the various Governmest Depart the range of possibility. A recent an ments, and suggest therefore, that this swer to a question in the Legislative absorption of the ultra-violet and orange Council indicates that considerable rays by the chlorophyll of the leaves; is a matter with which the Government economy in the speed and cost of the hence the introduction of Fienzal Glass, is more fitted to deal.
transport of all articles to the Peak
We feel that an explanation is need could be effected by the introduction of yellowish green in colour, which is pro- ed of the serious responsibility that we motor transport and that the present duced in several shades, and lenses made, have taken upon ourselves in recommend system of manual transport is slow, cum of this may be worn as a protection by ing, for children, a scale of hours of brous and wasteful, and
labour considerably in excess of that of 10. As the development indicated in over-sensitive eyes where it is desirable male adult workers in Europe. Our pro- the last section will take time, we pro- to tone down excessive light and glare. posals are indeed a compromise between pose as a temporary messure, that all Fiontal lenses of any prescription in the present" laissez-faire" attitude, and building and engineering contracts enter
the more drastic-method of removing od into, in the Colony, should contain either regular or Toris forms are manu children immediately from the factories: clauses prohibiting the employment of factured by the Hongkong Optical Co., Of these two extremes the former ia un children under the age of thirteen (13) successors to Clark & Co., Manufacturing |thinkable, and we are not prepared to years, and regulating the weights c
recommend the latter without also renom ried by child, workers. We do not pre- and: Retracting Opticians, 53, Queen's
[568 mending some extensivo scheme of social tend that this proposal covers the whole Road Central ADVT)
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