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THE HONGKONG DAILY PERSƏ, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 19TH, 1981.
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925:
THE MACAO QUESTION. A REPLY TO THE PORTUGUESE
VERSION.
JUANTON INFORMATION BURKAT!]
CANTON. September 28th,
Last Saturday, the Hangkang Daily Presa published what, we take it, is to be real as the official Portuguese version of the recent incident at Macao. The state- ment opens with the admission that various incidents have occurred recebily relating to the question of Portuguese and Chinese jurisdiction all of which have been determined with more or less, dit- culty by the authorities at Canton, and Macao." We coeur. But what follows in the Portuguese version is an obvious falsification of history. These incidents or conflicts," it is said, "far from being due to a desire to enlarge Portuguese authority a desiru which does not exish are rather due to a want of compre hension of the right, duties and obliga tions of nations in their relations to each other, on the part of subalter or junior Chinese officials, who maintain a doubtful discipline amongst their subordinates."
A CONCLUSIVE ANSWER.
The conclusive answer to this attempt to had the cause for these incidents or conflicts" in Chinese truculedy rather than in the Portuguese desire to grab mure Chinese territory is to point out that whereas in 1818, the area of Macao was netually less than 3 square miles, it is to-disy considerably more than 11 square miles and, if the Portuguese claim were allowed, it would exceed 50 square miles! As the Portuguese statement has plans ed into history, and bad history at that, it is necessary to rehearse the relevant historical facts involved in the case. The settlement of Macao originally comprised the tip of the
and jutting out of at the
outhe tongue
extremity of the West River delta, known as the District of Heung-Shan. The Portuguese were ab first co more than. squatters. anil, accord. ing to a well-known book of reference, they first obtained a footing on a vacant lot near the shore under the pretext of drying wet cargo, and in 1587 were per mitted by the Chinese Government, then ader the Ming Dynasty, to erect fac tories on the payment of Tis. 20.000." Later, the Portuguese made a new arrangement with the Manchu Govern ment, which required them to pay a annual land Lax of Tis. 500 and pro- bibited their movements beyond two barrier gates. These gates were opened 6 times a month. when the Portuguese were supplied with rice and other necessaries.”
guidance of settled law, would show the
status quo of 1887 to be precisely whát. is affirmed by the historical facis of the ense. We cast this treatment of the issue into the form of a series of mumbered statements:—
It is to be noted that the inlet or watora between Macao and the Chinese island of Lappa were once oxclusively Chinese.
-Prior to 1845, the Portuguese 'occupied Macao aa yearly tenants of the Chines Government,
3.-The refusal of the Portuguese to pay the sanual land-rent of Tis. 300 rendered their occupation of Macao. from 1548 to 1887, tortious and illegal,
4-The Treaty of Peking legalised the Portuguese occupation of Macao, in terms tantamount to a cession of the territory of the settlement or from the date of the Treaty.
5-While there was no general rule of International Law which could auto- matically fix the land frontier of Macao, there was, at the date of the Treaty of Peking (and it is still a rule of law), such a principle of the Law of Nations which determined the frontier line of "two states bordering on an inlet, the middle of the river.
6.-As Macao was legally ceded to the Portuguess by the Treaty of 1887, it necessarily follows that the boundary line between it and the Chinese terri tory of Lappa Island then lay along the middle of the inlet separating the two.
7-Hence, the status quo of 1887 was that the waters of the port of Macao extended up to and not beyond tho middle of the inlet, the waters on the Lapps side being entirely under Chi nem jurisdiction: On this view, the case against the Portuguese.contention is complete both in law nad in fact. As the recent incident at Macao is admittedly the direct outcome of the Portuguese attempt to extend the "waters of the port right up to the Lappa side
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of the inlet, it is clear that the Portu Usual Prices BOOKING at Messrs. MEHTA & CO.,
us are and must be in the wrong and wholly responsible for the origin and
consequences of the incident.
ANOTHER SCRAP OF PAPER." -
It is unnecessary to go afresh into the particular facts of the incident, except to state that-besides being due generally to the persistent violation of the Treaty of 1987 on the part of the Portuguese-it was specifcally provoked by another characteristic Portuguese violation of a written agreement made between the Canton and Macao authorities last year as a modus vivendi peading the inal settlement of the matter. It is one of the terms of the agreement that the Portu- guese shall not interfere with Chinese shing boats which may be beached for cleaning or repairs cear Ngan Hang, & purely Chinese village on the exclusively Chinese territory of Lappa Island. In violation of what may be justly described. provision which sums up, in a single
truculenoy uni Portuguese
Chinese philosophic submissiveness, the Macao harbour master has stationed a launch near Ngao Hang in order to compel Chinese fishing boats to go to the Macao side of the river or to take out licences. issued by him. There are, however, limite even to the yielding tolerance of the Chinese with their inherited belief in com. promise as an expression of the saving grace of common sense. Hence, the recent
ocident.
**MONTE CARLO OF THE ORIENT.”
***A SCHAP OF PAPER,”? · The land tax of Tis. 500 was paid until 1848, when the Portuguese-takia
a state of China brought about by the first Opium War violated the agreeme t, refused to pay the land tax and expelled the Chinese authorities. It was about this time that ibe * desire to enlarge Portuguese Huthority" found its first notable expres sion. The northern boundary of Macao, which then ran across the centre of the tongue of land, was pushed back to in clude the entire peninsula, right up to the barrier on the sandy isthmus connect ing the settlement with the rest of the delta This illegal stats of things, created by the Portuguese, continued munique compels us to make a necessary The language of the Portuguese com. down to 1887, when the Protocol of Lisbon reference to. Macao as a centre of perni- and the Treaty of Peking legalised the cious hitman activities which no, govern- Portuguese occupation of Macao in return ment, defiuable as civilised, ought, to. for the Portuguese undertaking to aid in tolerate far less legalise. Some years ago suppressing the snuggling trade in opium it was the centre of the slave trade in the which, by the way, it still vigorous and. Far East. To-day it is one large opium flourishing in the settlement.
den and gambling hell and something. The Portuguese statement appears to worse which we must refrain from specify invoke article 9 of the Treaty of Peking ing
MECLO,
we read in a popular. The article stipulates that Commission guide-book in a passage devoted to the drs appointed by both Governments shall amenities of the place, is popularly proceed to the delimitation of the boun known as the Monte Carlo, of the daries (of Macao), which shall be deter-Orient-there boing several large gam mined by a special Convention; but so bling establishments, conducted under long as the delimitation of the boun- Government control, the licences bringing. daries is not concluded, everything in a large revenue to the Colonial Trea respect of them shall continue as at sury. Besides licensed, gambling houses, present without addition, diminution, siteration by either of the parties,
LAPPA'S SPRING WATERÐ,"
rent. The lots are drawn one a month, there is a lettery conducted by the Govern the highest prize being as large as $150,000 From these illegitimate mono- poliss and traffic in human frailties. Macho derives an annual surplus revenne whole of this large sum is remitted to of 6-7 million dollars. Practically the the home government, although this procesa i of colonial milking is masked by a method of appropriation which appears to divert the money to the assistance of the Portu- guest colony of Timor off the N.W. const of Australia.
At the date of this Treaty of Peking of 1887, the water-boundary betweens Macho and the Chinese territory known as Lapp laland. lying opposite to it, was not an acute issue--if at
were an issue at all because (a) the Portuguese authorities at the time had a more or less correct cam prehension of the right, duties and obligations of cations in their relations, to each other in the matter of a river boundary, such as that existing between The popular guide book from which and Lappa Island, ie. the boun the extract is quoted in the last para. Jury line lies along the centre of the main graph of this communication must be channal; (b) it was only in -1909 that the considerably out of date, and somewhat Portuguese began dredging work with the inaccurate also, we think. view of making the Port of Macao avail lottery conducted by the Government at There is no able for the largest river-boats and titi-Macao. There was formerly one conduct- mately oversea-shipping; and (e) in 1887,ed by the Santa Casa Misericordia. but the Portuguese had not yet contemplated, the first
the seizure of Lappa Island for the two- $50,000 was never higher than
fold purpose of enclosing the port entirely ago. Two or three amall Chinese lotteries lottery, ceased several years ly Portugueso territory and securing for still flourish, under Government license-
acao the beat potable water in that ED. H.D.P. section of the delta region. There is little doubt that the Lusitanians are thirsting for Lappa's spring waters. But they are also wanted by the rightful and im memorial ownors of the soil.
THE STATUS QU6 OP 1887.
THE VERY BEST EYE INSURANCE
In these circumstances, the Portuguese you can get for the hot, sunson-including risks atatement wholly begs the question when of dust and glare-is a pair of Sir William i contends that, in view of the main
teranch of the status quo of 1887 or Crookes Glasses—the idea! guard from glare, stipulated by article % of the Treaty of There are two varieties of this glass, (a) A glans Peking, "it follows that if the port of
any
Macao was solely under Portuguese very slightly tinted, of a pale amethyst colour jurisdiction in 1887, China cannot exorcise which looks almost colourless. (b) A neutral, authority in the waters of the port. tint which cuts down the glare as well as absorb. entire point at issue is what are the ing the harmful rays, Crookes lenses of any vators of the port of Macao.
The La completely against prescriptions in either regular or Toric form are
the
historica Portuguese contention that manufactured by the Hongkong Optical Co
present
those waters included, in 1887, the Chinono. aide of the inlet separating Macao from
Successors to Clark & Co, Manufacturing and
Lappa Island. And even if the evidence Refracting Opticians the most competent which is not the case were less conclu- optical manufacturing establishment in South sive as to what were the waters of the China located in 63, Queen's Fload Central--- port" of Macáo in 1887, the briefest con- sideration of the question, under the ADTT.
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