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ERAPION NG ERARION.NO: HERAPION NDS
GUARDIANSHTE UF
CHILDREN.
POSITION OF THE MOTHER.
The Guardianship of Infants Bill, which has been promoted by the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship, is receiving the support of all parties in the House of Commons and of most of
Es important Women'a organisations.
The Bill," explained Mrs. Habaack, Parliamentary Secretary of the Union, is divided into two parts. The first ro lates to the guardianship of the child; and says the mother is to have equal righis and responsibilities in every way with the father.. Equal guardianship is not a new thing. It has been working for some time, and working well in some of our Dominions, British Columbia, for, example, and in about half the United States of America. 27,
"We are sometimes naked whether such a Bill might not result in litigation between the parents, and how in caso of a dispute between them the courts would decide. The experience of the countries whers" it has been working shows that equal guardianship does not, result in litigation. Its effect is to give greater consideration than there is at present to the point of view of the mother.
"I do not think it is realised that at present the married mother has no rights at all over her own children. It is only the mother of the illegiti mate child who is regarded in law as its parent, and has any rights. The married mother hat none, even if she is supporting her children sitogether. The father can decide everything, how they are to be brought up, their religion, where they are to live, and so on; and he can take the childden away from the mother if she does not do as he directa.
"It is true that by the Act of 1886 the mother can go to the courts to obtain the custody of her children; but it is an expensive process, and the whole tradi- tion of the courts is against the mother, because of the principle in common law that the father is the only parent. The mother is unable, unless she goes to the courts, to appoint a guardian to act with the father after her death. This right is to given to her in this Bill.
BHAINTENANCE OF CHILDREN.
t
The second part of the Bill deals with the maintenance of children and will relicra more cases of actual hardship than equal guardianship.
As the law stands at present neither the mother nor the father is bound to. maintain the children at a standard higher than the Poor Law standard. Parents must avoid being prosecuted for Ineglect, but that is all. The Beard of Guardians can proceed against them if the children hate to be taken into the work-house. In the case of well-to-do people the wife can pledge her husband's Credit, but this applies only to one class of society.
"What we propose is that both mother and father shall be obliged to maintain their children according to their means, And that this obligation shall be enforced, whether the parents live together or separately. At present, if a man does Dot support bis children his wife can leave him and apply for separation and maintenance orders. We propose in this Bill that a maintenance order may be made against either parent when they are both living together. We do not want to forca u wife to leave her husband when he can afford to maintain the children.
THE PRISON SPONGE
A very large propertion of the main tenance orders which are made against husbands separated from their wives are pever paid at at, because the machinery for enforcing payment is so very inade quate. If a man refuses to pay and has nothing much in the way of possessions, the Court's only resource, at presents that of imprisonment, and imprisonment wipes out the debt completely. A case was reported only the other day, in which, by a month's imprisonment, a man wiped out twenty years arrears of main tenance.
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The Steamers are all fitted throughout with Electric Light and have accommodation for Huibed number of saloog Fatsengers. All reamers carry a duly qualified surgeon. Cargo taken at through rates to all perts in Netherlands India and Australia,
Under this Bill the machinery for
TJIKINI enforcing the payment of maintenance CHILDAR orders is to be strengthened In the event of fature to pay, the Courts will have the power to require the employer to pay a certain part of the man's wages or laty direct to the wife, or if he possesses income from other sources, to have it attached on behalf of the children. It is also proposed that imprisonment for ron-payment, ahall not wipe out the debt. Another important proposal is that cases under this. Bilt may be dealt with, if desired, by courts of summary juris diction, instead of only by the High Court, thereby making it possible for
advantage of it. The Billis intended to
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everyone, whether rich or poor, to take VEREENIGDE NEDERLANDSCHE rapeal the Art of 1883, but it will re-enact SCHEEPVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ
of its clauses."
MADAME TUSSAUD'S.
'ME, DAREWSKI'S OFFER TO PURCHASE.
It is learned that Mr. Herman Darewaki has offered the proprietors of Madame Tagsand's the sum of £100,000 for the purchase of the property and contents. Marowaki told a Presa representative that he had made theaffer in order
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to retain for the nation as a traditional JAPAN PORTS, SHANGHAL HONGKONG AND
institution the collection of exhibits in this well-known building. He had heard that America was very Enxious to secure the exhibition, and he thought it a thou sand pities that such a collection should be allowed to leave this country.
An official of Madame Tussard's pointed out to a Press representative that the whole question was a matter for the -board of directors. An offer had been made for the purchase of the exhibition, but they could not prevent people making offers. It has been estimated that the building and its contents were worth something like £500,000, apart from the 'sentimental value.
of
Communists who believed we could completely alter the economic form society in threo years were visionaries. *I say it will take at least a century —
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