Page
CABLES.
LATEST CABLES. {THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]
THE KRASSIN MISSION. DISCUSSIONS IN-COMMITTEE OF
SUPREME COUNCIL:................
LONDON, June 8th. The Committee of the Supreme Economic Council, consisting of British, Frenchy Belgian and Italian delegates, in again engaged in discussions in view of the forth towing meeting with f. Krassin with whom they have not yet communicated.
It is understood that the discussions are !
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS - FRIDAY, JUNK LITH, 1920.
SHORTAGE OF BREAD RIOTS BREAK OUT IN ITALY, "LONDON, June 8th.
Riots took place in towns in Italy against the increase in the price of bread. They aro regarded as the first manifests tion of the bread crisis which is throaton ing Europe CRITICISM OF AGRICULTURE BILL.
LONDON, June 8th.
LATEST CABLES.
'BRITAIN'S AIRSHIP FLEET. WORK PROCEEDING SLOWLY.
PRINCE CHARLES ÖF RUMANIA.
ARRIVAL IN HONG KONG YESTERDAY.
MILITARY OFFIcass.-Col, J. B. Young, d.O.G, Col. L. Humphry, C.M.G., Lieut- Col. A. Delacombe, D.8.0., Lious-Col JRWyndham, Lieut. Col. M. Greer, Liset-Col W. Loring, CMG., D.8.0., Losnow, Jane ath In the House of Commons, repiring to BANQUET AT GOVERNMENT HOUSE, Lieut-Col. W. N. Nicholson, C.M.G., D.S.O, Lieut. Col. RM. Crossy Lieut.- Commander Kenworthy and. Viscouns
The fog outside was responsible for the Col. 1. R. Taylor, Major G. N. Han Curzon, Mr. Churchill said that the Cer delay in the landing in Hongkong of phreys, 1.8.0., Major T. M. Wakefield, man airship L71 had not yet been pre Boyal Highness Prince Charles of Bented, but, it was expected to arrive in
Rumania, the grandson of the late Duke of The British airships. England shortly, under construction at the end of the war Edinburgh and great-grandson of Qures
D.S... Major Ardoino, Major H. Greenaway.
}
The menu was as follows:-
Hors d'Oeuvres. Clear Soup.
Salmon in Aspic Artichoke Cream. Turkey and Ham
Baipe. Asparagus Ioed. Mango fee Cream, Parete Faie' Gras,” Dessert.
The Band of the Wiltshires, stationed on the lawn outside, played during dinner, al
When the introductions were over, and the conclusion of which H.E, the Governor been favourably received as the solution of the money spent on them were 36, B. Madras, on which the Prince and hintshires played the Rumanian National Soon after the dinner, the Prince and his The Agriculture Bill has not altogther which it was decided tù complete on account| Victoria, of beloved memory. The P. the Prince left the pier, the Hand of the proposed the toast of His Majesty the King and of the distinguished visitor. of the problem of stimulating what R35, and R80, of whom Rds will be banded
over to the United States when completed entourage were travelling, was originally Anthem. The Erince then inspected the entourage lett Government House. They growing in England. ̈ Agriculturista are under a purchase agreement. Work on exper
+
are returning, by train this evening
progressing. It is not expected that the opinion that the Bill, in its the others is proceeding slowly in anti-expected at noon, but it was later on guard-of-honour, which was under the .com travelled by the night boat to Canton, and
cipation of their employment commer nunced that she would not be in the har-mand of Capt. Beaver. Lieut. R. A) Committee will meet M. Krassin until con- Present form, would not increase the corn cially. It is expected valuable information bour til nearly p.m. As a matter of Denne carried the flag. He had to hold it The Prince is continuing his voyage on the
will be obtained from E71 which is one of the most modern specimens of German BRITAIN'S GLOOMY® OUTLOOK.
research.
versations with the British Ministers have acreage.
bon satisfactorily concluded.
DIFFICULTIES OF REUPENING
anboes
TRADE WITH RUSSIA.
LONDON, June 8th. '
LONDON, June 8th. According to the Daily Mail, exporte predict a shortage of a thousand million leaves of bread in Europe in the coming year, Britain alot, Deeds six milion rous of imported wheat and will be lucky if she gets a million and a half;
Severe night frosts have caused havoc with the crops in some of the Southern counties,
BRITISH ARMY UNIFORM. MR. CHURCHILL'S STATEMENT.
LONDON, June yeh In the House of Commons replying to
Replying to questions regarding the delay in handing over this vessel, Mr. Churchill stated that he was not dissatis fied with the way the Germans were catry ing out this portion of the Treaty. AIR LEAGUE OF THE BRITISH
EMPIRE.
fact, it was not till nearly two hours after that time that the Madras come into port, eanwhile, several thousands of the residents of Hongkong had gathered opposite Blake, Pier and lined the streets
GENERAL SEELY CRITICISES NATIONAL DEFENCES.
LONDON, June 8th. » The Lord Mayor presided at the meeting of the inauguration of the Air League of Soon after the Madras was reported as the British Empire at Mansion Housebring near Gap Rock, three submarines, resolution was unanimously passed pledg the 1. 20, the L 19 and the Ls went out ing support to the League.
POWER.
"CO OPERATION WITH THE
DOMINIONS.
upright, motionless, for about an hour Madras, which leaves at and a baif. H.E. the Governor, attended morrow.
under
ugh to
by Capt. McGrath, H.R.H. Prince It is well known that the Prince is ca Charles and General Giavanescu then got his way to Japan. His tour has been à into, His Excelleney's motor car, The father harried one, is talking to a mem on which the Prince would pass from remainder of the party, including Capt bar of the entourage, a reporter gathered pm onwards, and not even a sharp drizle Warner and Pay Limit. Commde. Stern that the party has been very keenly inter- which fell shortly before. 3 p.m. damped entered four other motor-cars and the prested in the strange scenes they have seen, their enthusiasm. This buildings on the session made its way to Government House. This is the first time they are travelling The route was lined with naval and pili East, hence much is new to them, and Prays served as stands for those anxious
First on the road from the they somewhat regretted that they were to see the Prince, and the halconies were tary form.
Pier were the naval men, from the Titania, unable to stay longer in India, Cey.on and all erowded
the Tamar, the "adming the Marte and the Barnia. Although they had heard of the Submarines,
the command of natural beauties of Hongkong, it appears. Commdr. Walker. Then came 180 men of the Prince felt that it would be a pity to. the 74th Punjabis, under the cumuniand of miss the opportunity of seeing Canton if Cap Gray and Capt. Campbell. Next to the shipping arrangements allowed it. the with wore in men of the and Panjabis They had therefore, made arrangements under the command of Major Middlemas. for a hurriet visit to the dirtiest city in Peak Tramway Road w lined by 300 the world." Wiltshires and Garden Road by 300 men of the R.G.A. Then can amber of men from the Hongkong-Singapore BG.A. RUMANIA AND ITS PEOPLE. and then the R. E, including a detachruent
Rumania was in the second century A.D. Roman culony, Dacia, and as the Ramanians speak a language closely akin.
At the entrance to
SEYAH
The following illuminate the almost insuperable disheulties surrounding the question" of reopening trade with Russia, It appears that the Supreme Economic Council Meeting in Paris has not yet agreed as regards the Bolsheviks guar It has transpired in this connec tion that the British are disposed to accept *y guarantees offered, also assurances as regards the existence of Russian goods.for
General Sealy declared that in 1918 to meet the vessel and cort her into the exchange purposes. The French, however,
Great Britain was incomparably the best harbour. Off Green Island, Capt. J. E. are sceptics, and print but that the
-equipped nation in the six of sil nations, Soviet Republic is a Federation of States questions in regard to the decision of and added that today the position was Wafner. Private Secretary to H.E. the Great Britain has practically Governor, went on board the vessel, and Hence there is no proof that gouris sent
uniform serious. Army with providing the
gone out of business. He suggested that to the "siniilar by one State will not be reized by another
uniform the national defences were suffering from informed the, Prince of the arrangements prewar
Mr. the effects of a sleppy control and lack off which had been made for his reception on in transit. So far the Bolsheviks have not
which han caused criticism.
co-ordination,
shore. As soon as the vessel anchored, His "been able to give guarantees against the
EARLIER CABLES. Excellency the Governor, attended by iosecurities of the chaos prevailing in Churchill stated that full dress will. Russia. Moreover, the Council wants the be immediately reissued to the Guards assurance that neither the ships mor the and the Household Cavalry owing to their BRITISH EMPIRE AND SEA Capt. H. S. McGrath, A.D.C., Commodore of Chinese Sappers
W. Bowden Smith, C.B.E.. R.N., atter.d-Government Rouse was stationed a guard-i cargnes will be seised upon reaching the ceremonial duties. This would involve-an-
ed by Pay-LL-Comnidr. E. "H. Stern; of-honour, composed of 100 men of the 22nd i ports. Furthermore, the French urge avoidable expenditure of £130,000, but the
R.N., Col. J. R. Young, General Offers Punjabis, under the command of to Latin, they naturally look upon them- that gold cannot be accepted as payment abolition of their full dress would mea
Commanding the Troop in Hongkong a low of fully £50,000. Reclothing the since it belongs to the creditors of Russia.
LONDON, June 5th.
during the absence of H.E. Major The Krassia Mission has alrendy prov-rest of the Ariny will be spread over four
Admiral Lord Beatty, speaking at the ed its inability to find a trade basis in the or five years. No existing stocks of khaki wa Austalian dinner, emphaned General Ventria in Singapore, attended "exchange system. It is also doubtful who will be wasted, and khaki will remain per that in future naval co-operation with the by Capt. P. P. Legg, and the Hon. Mr. ther groups of Russian State cucognise manently the working service dress of the Dominions must farm an integral part of
M. whole Army. He contended that the his naval defence. He trusted that individual. G. M. Fletcher, C.B.E.. Colonial M. Krasin their andatory.
黏性 Krassin is the only cultured man of the toric uniforms of the British Army carry members of the Empire would abandon Secretary, went on the launch Victorias Government House, the Prince accom-
ed with then a sense of continuity and parochial views in regard to the problem" "commanded for the occasion by Comman-panied by H.E. the Governor, went out ncceed in throwing off the Turkish members of the Mission; others are of an regimental tradition which was good for of sea power as a while recognising thater W. Beckwith, R.N.. Harbour for a short car ride to the other side of the inferior social status. The mission is recruiting and discipline. Reclothing was if disaster befell one unit the entire
Empire must be affected, accompanimť by a score of experts who are well worth while, if done thriftily. not Bolsievits but mostly officials of the old regime, who are obliged to serve the Bolshevist administration to get a living. TRADE.. UNITED KINGDOM EXPORTS REGISTER A RECORD.
LONDON, June 5th. The Board of Trade returns for May show that the value of the exports was
LONDON, June 8th. £119, 319,000 as compared with £81,311,000
THE Mr. Edgar Crammond, lecturing before in May 1919 and 213,839,000 in May 1913, the Bankers Institate, extimated that the and this constitutes a new record, the pro regi cost of the war was as follows: vious highest figure being in April 1990 Great Britain, £3,500,000,000; France,
The £5,480,000,000;
Italy, £1,800,000,000; when exports totaled £106,251,000.
£500,000,000; Germany, value of the imports was £186, 3,000, Belgium, compared with 2135,812,000 in May 191928.700,000,000 which was equivalent to and £81,279,000 in May 1913.
19.7 per cent of Great Britain's national wealth, 25 per cent, of the French, 20 per
German.
The increases were in exports of cutton
Replying to further questions, Mr. Churchill said that he never intended to abolinin the Irish Guards, but the condition of recruiting the Welsh Luards raised a question of the continuance of the regiment and the Army Council had - reserved itw judgment on the subject.
COST OF THE WAR.·· COMPARISON WITH NATIONAL WEALTH.
The mainten- Master, to the Jindras, and formally wel- ance of sea-power meat assurance for coned the Frince. The Governor and the tan future, and the cost of this should be others then came ashore and the Fictoria wort back to bring the Prince and bis borne in proportion to the population and commitments
entourage.
COUNTY CRICKÉT.
LONDON, June 7th. Ex beat Northamptonshire by inning, and 102 rúns.
LONDON, June 8th. Worcester beat Gloucestershire by 112
ri123.
t..
STRAITS DEFENCE FORCE BILL. PROPOSED PETITION TO THE
SECRETARY OF STATE.. »
What the Defence Force Bill means, says the Stquitt Times, is simply this: that a man of 21 coming to Malaya has to serve
flown
Thx Blake Pave had been the object of mach attention on the part of the P.W.D. and the flags of the Allies had been used im, profusion to hide its natural uglines. On a flagstaff at the head of the pier was a large Rumanian flag while another Eag of that country was a promin ent feature of the decorations at the farther end of the pier. The red carpet ing which last saw the light of day when H.E. Sir Reginald Stubbs landed was again wed. A large number of pot palms were placed along the edges These were the only things that profited by the weather?
The military officers commenced arriv. ing from about.4.30 p.m. and it was a long
I
Cordon, M.C. As the Princes motor-car passed each unit, the troops presented arms; at Coverament Houge the Prince alighted and inspected the guard-of-honour. Having signed the visitors' hook at
dendants of the ancient Romans. As to early history, it will suffice to say that Rumania became subject to the
ed an Ottoman province, for several hun- Turks in the fifteenth century and remain.
dred years.
In the last century, when the Rumanians
ke, the population was divided into two cars, the landowners and the peasantry. country, the Boyars" They formed the
The first formed the aristocracy of the
Island, an example which the members of his entourage followed. The Prince went on board the Madrus at about 7.30 p.m.
educated and aristocratic part of the and returned shore shortly after. He
was met on the jetty by Capt.-H. S population, bus like their Russian cousins, McGrath ADC, and proceeded to many of them were domiciled abroad,
of their estates to their agents or teannte Government House, where His Excellency chicfy in Paris, and eft the management were freed and Lady Stubbs gave a special banquet The peasants, the Tarson, in his honour. The banquet was served in from serfdom towards the middle of the last century, and at that time about half the ball room, which had been decorated of the land was bought by the State, front
amcug with extreme good taste. Baskets of red the Boyars, and divided
This land reform prove to be and white orchids were suspended from the Tarang. ceiling, while the beautifully shaded sights most excellent measure and the great" were also much admired. The table prosperity of agriculture was partly due decorations were a credit to the person to this liberat policy. But further re responsible for them. Pink lotus flowers forms soon became urgent; the unrest and had been obtained specially from Capten, the troubles of 1906 brought matters to a and were used in the decorative scheme crisis, and further laws were passed for with an artistic touch.
the improvement of the peasants' condi- tion,
the
goods" by £20,187,000, woollens" £5,079,000; cent. of the Italian and 26 per cent, of the compulsorily under the military author and weary wait until the Prince landed right sa: H.R. H. Prince Charles. His the last fifty years, and this middle clari
and iron and steel manufactures £6,574,000. The total increase in manufactured articles
1910.
wax 280,692.000, as compared with May
BRITAIN'S. TRADE WITH THE DOMINIONS.
It was pointed out that the moderate decrease in wealth in the United Kingdom was set off by the substantial increase in the: of the Overseas Dominions and possessions. The estimated wealth of the Empire is £44,080,000,000 as compared with £24,986,000,000 in 1910; and the annual income is £7,680,000,000 as com- pared with £3,332,000,000. "
CANADIAN MERCHANT
MARINE
TO INAUGURATE WORLD-WIDE
SERVICES.
J
His Excellency sat at the head of the table which was in the form of a rectangle with one side missing. On His Excellency's Excellency and the Prince were at the being foliowed by:- head of the procession to the banquet hall, H. Minister Filodar and Lady Stubbs His Honour Mr. Justide Gompertz and Mrs. Bowden Smith,
General Gavanese and Mrs. Gompertz, Commodore Bowden-Smith and Mr. Chatham,
"
Colonel Condiesco and Mrs. Young, Col. J. B. Young and Mrs. Parr, Lieut-Col. Condiesca and Mrs. Humphry, Hon. Mr. A. G. &. "Fletcher and Mrs. Delacombe,
Lieut.-Col. Árión and Mrs. Wyndham, Hon. Mr. J. H. Hemp and Mrs. Loring, Slonsieur Djurara and Mrs. Crosse, Hon. Mr. D, W. Tratman and Mrs
ties for twenty years if he remains in The ordinary spectators, who first had to Malaya, It is a thing repugnant to the stand in the rain and then in the fierce British instincts of individual freedom, of diletting sun, must have said sole harsh things about the shipping. and we are entirely against it.
We have recognised the desirability of agents who would not, or could not, say restoring the volunteer system. Further exactly what time the steanser would he we think that a civilian organisation in, but as a matter of fact the causes LONDON, Júne Biă. At the Mansion House mesting, in cor-
should exist requiring all able-bodied were beyond the control of the P. & 0. Europeans not serving in the volunteers Company. The Hadros was forced to auction with the organisation of the
to be enrolled in a Civil Guard, so as to steam very slowly in the last few miles British Trade-Exhibition, the Hon. W
be available in any case of emergency for owing to the dense fog that prevailed. A. Watt, Treasurer of the Australian
local defence. That Civil Guard would The troops began to line the streets at Commonwealth, moved a resolution_cordi
have a minimum of drille, and in gormal about 5 p.m... and things began to look ally padorsing the proposal to bold the
times would be under the control of it lively when the guard-of-honour of the Exhibition in London in 1923, and said.
owa civilian council. The scheme was put Wiltshire Regiment arrived at five o'clock ibat for many years the trade of Great
dfore a public meeting called' by the
As soon as the vessel anchored, the Straits Rettlements Association, and was Boyal salute was fired from Signal Hill Hrtain with the Dominions had been re- Lively, shrinking, as compared with the
Lonpos, Juze 8th. approved by a large majority.
at Kowloon, HM.8. Tamir, and from trade of the Dominions with the foreign The Times forecasts that the Canadian We have no particular wish to thrust U.S.S. Helena, It was not till about countries, That tendency ought to be Government merchant marine will shortly ourselves forward again in this matter half an hour later, about 6.20 p. arrested and reversed, Australia's spirit institute cargo sarvions from the Atlantic but, we know, from experience how difficult the Prince arrived at Blake Pier. The was one of Preference to the Old Country ports via the Mediterranean, to India, it is to focus opinion in this part of the Prince, who is a tall man with very plea-ion on the grounds of high sentiment and Ceylon, and the Straits Settlements world, and how low have time to prepare sant features, and a very becoming smile, also on more mundane grounds(Chears between the Atlantin ports and South a petition in formal terms. The Defence wore a handsome white uniform. On his Bir Robert Horas said, that the Bourt Africa, and between the Pacific porte, the Force Bill is peculiarly repugnant to the tonic, were a large number of medals and of Trade and other Government Depart Far East and Calcutta. It will also can planters, many of whom are practically orders.
The only thing that did not fit ments were determined to give the exhibi-ider augmenting the passengership services unreachable execpt through the prese in with his art uniform was his white
the trans-Pacific and Far Eastern
If any group of men affected by the Curzon hat. The Priner's party numbered zion every suppen in their power, and on
ordinance will take the matter in hand- mphasised the necessity, in every way, routes
over a dozen. among whom were H.E. of developing the markets for British pro
we shall most gladly stand aside, but Minister Filodar. General Gavanece, ducts.
knowing the amount of feeling which pre- Colonel Condiesco C.B. List Col carried by tWO
vaiks, we do not feel warranted in refusing Condiescu, Lieut. Col. Arion, C.M.G,, our help.
Monsieur Djurara, (Private Secretary) and Capt Horia Lazar (A.D.C.) A Rumanian newspaper man, who defor tunately for the local Pressmen, cannot speak English, is also traveling with the Prince.
The resolution
-xlissentients.
WEI
WAR WEALTH LEVY.
WHY IT WAS ABANDONED.
LONDON, June Eth- In the House of Commons, Mr. Austen Chamberlain explained the Govern- ment's decision not to impose a lesy on war wealth He pointed out that sa pag- ment could be de in Government securi. ties the levy could not materially reduce the floating debt, and emphasized the fears
GENERAL PERSHING,
WANTS MORE ACTIVE LIFĘ.
-WASHINGTON, June 8th- General Pershing has requested permis sion to retire in order to be free to engage in something more active."
TERRORISM IN IRELAND-
ANOTHER COURT HOUST
DESTROYED..
LONDON, June 8th. The court house at Limore, county of business men in regard to the effect of Waterford, the property of the Duke of the levy. He stated that the Exos Pro Devonshire, has been bornod down, petrol fits Duty would produce twice as much as and high explosives being nood.
the levy in the same period. He now pro-.
posed to maintain the Excess Profits Duty
at 60 per cent, this year, and continue the
EARLIER CABLES.
We, therefore, make the following sug gestion: 1. those who are opposed to the Defence Force Bill cut out and sign the form attached hereto, or alternatively cony it out, siga it and send it to the Editor Straits Timci Office Singapore, we will undertake to forward the whole of the protests to the Secretary of State for the Colonics :-
STRAITS BETTLEMENTS DEFESCE JURCE ORDINANCE
To His Majesty's Principal Secretary of
State for the Colonies Bir-1, the undersigned, being a British subject liable to compulsory service under the Straits Settlements Defence Force Ordinance, 1920, do most carnestly protest against that measure is 87 H0Warrantable infringement of personal liberty, repug. nant to British sentiment by reason of it. militarist tendencies, and irksome in the extreme in a country where man of the it is proposed to conscript would have WASHINGTON, June 7th...one distance to travel in order to attend The Supreme Court holds that the pro-drills, and I do most earnestly appeal to hibition amendment, also the enforcement you to advise his Masty to disallow the of the law, are constitutiona
duty or its equivalent for a longer period PROHIBITION IN AMERICA than would otherwise have been wooessary.
Mr. Chamberlain warmly paid a tribute THE SUPREME COURT DECISION. to the manner in which the rich had borné financial sacrificet,-and-gave-fgures show ing that is some cases only about 5s, in the pound was left to the recipients of Targe incomes after taxes had been paid.
J
~~
Ordinance.
that
H.E the Governorated His Royal Highness the Crown Prince as he stepped from the launch, and then introduced him to the following gentlemen who were pre- sent by invitation:---
EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE COUN CILLORS.The Hon. Mr. A. G. M. Fletcher, CBE,the Hon. Mr. JH. Kemp RC, CB.F the Hon M D W Tralman, the Hon. Mr. Chatham, OM.G., the Hoa, Mr. E. R. Halifax, the Hon Mr. P. Hobson Holyoak, the Hon. Mr. E. H. Sharp, the Hon. Mr. Ho Fook, the Hon. Mr. E. V. D. Parr, the Hon Mr. E. A Irving, the Hon. Mr. A. R. Lowe
JUDICIALHis Honour Mr. H. H. J. Gomperte. Acting Chief Justice
CONSULAR-Mr. E. Buzuki, Consul Gen eral for Japan, like
* NAVAL OFFICERS -Commodore W. Bowden Smith, C.B.B. R.N., Pay. Lieut-Commdr. E, H. Stern, BN
Capt. Horia, Lazar and Mrs. Dale, Hon. Mr. W. Chatham and Mrs. Hum
phreys,
Hon. Mr. E. R. Halifax and Mrs. Greenaway,
Hoa Mr. E. H. Bharp and Mrs. Hutchison,
Hon. Mr. P. Hobson Holycar and Miss Delacombe,
Hon. Mr. Justice Wood and Miss Young, Hon. Mr. Ho FooL,
Hon Mr. John Johnstone, Hon. Mr. E. V. D. Parr, Hon. Mr. E. A. Irving, Hon. Mr. A. R. Lowe, Sir Robert Ho Tang, Mr. E. Suzuki,
Dr. J. T. C. Johnson, Capt, F. A. Somerville; Colonel Le Humphry, Lieut. Col. A Delacombe, Lieut. Col. 1. B Wyndham,
Lieut. Col. M. Greer, Lieut-Col W. Loring, Commander C. W. Beckwith, Mr. P. P. 3. Wodehouse, C.LE, Lieut. Col. W. N. Nicholson, Lieut Col. R. M. Crosse, Lient-Col. L. R. Taylor, Mr. NJ, Stobb,
MR. O. Hutchison, Major G. N. Humphreys,.. Major T. M. Wakefield, Major J. Ardoine,
Major H. Greenaway, Major W L Hantingford Pay-Lieut, Commdr. E. Ster Capt. PP. Legg
A very important and efficient middle class has grown up in Rumania during has sprung into prominence, not only in cience, but is filling the various posts of Government offices. It now forms the main the realm of technical knowledge and part of the urban population. It has developed a great aptitude for political life, and it interesting to find that a great many of the important politicians of Rumania were, or are, barristers, and that the call to the bar is very often the fr step for a great polítical career.
GREEK IMMIGRATION.
17
Many Greek names are to be found, im Ramanian business circles, and this in tow be explained by the fact that a large im migration of Greeks took place in former years. People of Hellenic origin are ta be found in every class of the population with the exception of the peasantry, and even some of the Boyer families clair. Greek ancestry During the period of Turkish rule many prominent Grock poole men became Government officiala and sömə of the so-called "princes," the rulers of the two Danubian principalities, Walia- chia and Moldavia, appointed by the Sultan... WATE. Phanariots—that is, members of those Greek families who had reconciled themselves with Ottoman rule and had obtained promotion from the Turks. The splendid position to which these men attained attracted a large number of other Greeks who came as officiais, merchants and traders, and many of these immigrants settled in the country for good. Some be cams very big landowners-and-even Boyars, winte
le those of the immigrants whe were traders found themselves in advant ageons position, owing to the fact that their only competitors, the Jews, did not enjoy equal privileges and rights.
23
MACEDONIAN IMMIGRANTE.
Another somewhat small immigration. took place from, that part of Macedonia inhabited by the Katzo Wailachn. Although much mixed with Grock elements, these immigrants are looked upon by the.. Rumaniza, as their co-nationale.
Practically the whole of the Rumaniaba are followers of the Orthodox Church. T must not be forgotten that this Church looks upon Constantinople as the birth- place of its creed, and a very close connec tion has been maintained with the bends of the Greek Church there. Greek priests and teachers streamed in and, to show how far Grenk influence penetrated the coUD- try. it may be said that particularly in.. former years, most well educated Raman- --were-perfect masters of the Hellenia
tongue.