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OCEAN TRANSPORT IN THE
NEW FRA,
END OF THE STEAM AGE.
BY ARCHIBALD HURD,
дл
NOVEMBER 20гB. 1919.
DUTCH INDUSTRY.
"SIBERIAN PRISONS. COMMERCIAL CO-OPERATION AND WORK BY AMERICAN RED CROSS
COMPETITION.
4325
"
TERRIBLE CONDITIONS OF PRISONERS.
situation in
of tiernians and Turks who have been
THE PRISON HOSPITAL,
The prison hospital at Nikolak is in a compound by itself about 4 mile or more from the other camps. There are two, low buildings, divided off into several wards: three small.ones for officer thedi--
are the that
cases the doctor replied that about 50 per gent, were tubuslar, and the others in eluded news from typhus. typhoid diseases due to exposure, malnutrition. and
Tu anticipation of ng exhibition of shipping engineering, and machinery to
A Vladivostock despatch from the Ame We have a convenient habit of forget opened at Olympia by Lord Weir therican Red Cross states that investigacal cases, one for convalescents, one of ting things we do not want to remember.
promoters of the Holland Section gave
solier medical enses and eme for an add it keeping alive other recollections a luncheon at the Saray Hotel on Septemtions on the part of the American Redfiver, and soldier surgical cases, one for
Cross and the International Red Cross The chair. in the absence of
isolation ward. The prison wards are which, for various reasons, we do not deber 23rd.
the Netherlands. Minister, was occupied have brought to light a
furnished with rusty, paint-searrod iron sire to slip from us. The war is
by Jonkheer F. E. M. H Michiels van
Siberia that calls for immediate relieE #
beds, and here and there are wooden illustration of these tendencies. We are Verdaynen, Chargé d'Affaires, and
It is the position of the prisoners of war
tables made out of wormenten boards proud of the manner in which we mobilishman said that this exhibition
company was present.
not the Bed army prisoners-but the that would hardly serve for fuel. The ed our strength, naval, military, irding was planned and enticed had to by Post Austrians, Hungarians and a scattering clothes which the patients wear in bed
prepared for in the antumn trial, and financial, and brought it to
of the outbreak of war. beat upon a single issue-Being for four paned on account
It would be
exactly the same only. and a hail Sears for one purpose order date is it should have been opened fire held. mane of them since the full of fare discharged to the wear when they partners. And we niso recall the Ene years ago. He greeted the appearance of heroism shat the war developed, and all special Dutch Sution with profound Przemysl shortly after the beginning of When questioned as to the future of the
hostilities in the summer of 1914., the wonderful acts of bravery which men and sincere satisfaction. There were suffi-
Almost a year ago the armistice was rformed by sen and by land, tient reasons why Great Britain and the should go hand ia hand Netherlands Rus there is a marked tendency to forget wet drie reonomic interests were consigned get it has meant has to these men the effects produced by the war on thisrned. He was confident that the parti:chan it it were a true between hostile
WAT As this was no ordinary so the disturbances which it caused are
disturbances: no ordinary
history
and we, in this island, bore the
"HOLLAND A COMMERCIAL FÖRSTAY. main burden in achieving victory
Dr. Bisschop "said that Dutch parti reasonable, therefore, to expect that h
cipation in the exhibition was contem- in 1914. and that what was to be plated cause the peace treaty has been drawn up.
abould be able to pick up the thread shown now was prepared five years ago. vanted to come Holland then as now, of our peaceful existence at the point where it was cut on that brilliant August
forward to show that, apart from drain Bank Holiday of 19147 Have you
up watched hafling fforts to unravel a skeining a waterlogged soil and following
pursuits, he had mischievods kitten agricult industries capable of competition of wool with which
and
His B older countries Wha has been playing The wool is full of with lar knots, and is tangled beyond apparent with larger
devoted country des commercin! essentially to Free frade. Their main hope of being brought back to order
desire and That is very much what has happened been that their section of the exhibition should be a national endeavour, and that its national character should be above suspicion That was Aparanteed be the to each man
for the section. and by the nominated participation of several Government
countr
Tit
Cut off from all
cipation of Helland in the exhibition would further cement the present existing tribes in South Africa. dwarfed into insignificance every other war recorded in happy enemic relationship between the intercourse with the outside world, thes
countries.
ar dependent upon a country, torn by citit war-dependent upon a zoverumerit. that is unable either to take gare of its ewn soldiers or people. to say nothing of military prisoners.
Those inveterate optimista, for instance, who imagine that this are going to travel by sch, now that the war is over, as swift.
Aid on a small scale has beety attempted by several of the minor Powers: effort have been made to help the prisoners to wens dat nad ei Fase been given to the sick and wounded, and'a small sny of money o roubles a month, allowed But all this has been on
Former Bad, sanitary conditions. Within the Inst six months he said there had been right cases of violent insanity.
1 have worked for three years in the
1. too would have been insane. The Ame prisen hospitals but without the work. rican Red Cross is wonderful. It can d anything. Think of our wives and child
For two years we have not heard: Tent from them and they do not know whether dend! The American we are alive.or people are generous. Beg then to send us home. If we cannot all go take the old men and the invalids before it is tan bate.
REČTING HOPE ARIYE,
ly, as cheaply, and as comfortably as the semi-oficial character of the Commission such restricted basis that no appreciable mind and body in which the prisoners.
of
everythingpartments. Although the enterprise was more that. 150,000 mei cannot be done their hopes are based, the. dignity even
Drelief has been accomplished.
except upon an immense scale, by a great organization with unlimited resources to carry out whatover programme is adopted
travelled five years ago will be sadis di The progress Appointed maritime has been delayed, and we have entirely private, it had the encourage suffered loss which it will take a good
mens and the backing of the Dutch Gäv ernment, who knew that the most effective many years to make good. The Cunard
form of Protection was to promote ex Company, for instance, emerged from the war having had hall its entire fleet suok.
Jorts and to assist these in order that and
nd other
companies suffered in somewhat similar proportions.
In the meantime, night be a redis to the country of
origin
Harold Cox. who replied to the the whele basis upon which sea transport
conducted
toast of The Fress." expressed British has changed: wages of men have about doubled. the officers and
sympathy with the endeavour that Hol land with commercial interests akin to stores of all kinds are far more expensive
our own, was making to win her way. Both countries depended on export, intus tries,
WAS
spite
price of cual has soared upwards. and than they were as well as overhead At the charges of one kind and another.
That was one of the reasons why time, the world is poeror, in
we were both Free Trade. If we took Bame of all appearances to the contrary, sadly care of our exports our imperts would poorer. As suun as the present post-war take care of themselves. The importance career of luxurious living on borrowed of the Press relatively to the House moner has come to an end there will be Communs was increasing, and that entail fewer people to pay high prices for speeded a tremendous. additional responsibility
No doubt this depression
journalists or" comfort.
The great evil of the Press at present was that there was not will be only temporary.
suficient discrimination between leader- writing and reporting.
point of calling at the undermentioned size, if not higher spend
the
"IMPERIO DEL
17
011
JOURNALISTIC HONESTY.
He observed in many papers a tendency to acquire the facts to suit the policy of Express what opinions you the paper. like, he concluded, "but tell the truth "The in your news columns. (Cheers.) grown. If the country is to be led by the importance of journalistic honesty daily
for the purpose.
GOVERNMENTS NOT TO BLAME.
to
to
Cisse after case in the hospital and in the barracks rellects the distress of Helping live, the pitiful encouragements on which with which every added hardship is met.
The card Ona soldier had receives a card from his
message Was dated 1915, and the sister in the United States. that the sister's husband would send some money to the prisoner. The money never had come but the card was still treasured. He still expects the money to reach him, After you have seen the prison camp. Another soldier told how he had changed and talked with the men, you must not his roubles into dollars, how he had twen plight had made up his judge the government which permits such hearing of his son Auerican offer.
officers at different times gave the pitifed conditions to exist for it should be burn loss. A third story confirmeil by several in mind that the people of the country ate themselves hungry ill-clothed and details of an attempt. on the part of this prisoners home by train through Euro- exiled from home has the Bolsheviks whe Danish Red Cross to send about sim recognize no law. The super's reverse on the Eastern front recessitated the Russia during 1917. Hopital sup were all taken from them and there was evacuation of the civilian population and Flies. medical supplies and other things
nothing to do but to turn back. the military camps as well. The journey
A DYING BALUTE, eastward was made in tiny Russian box cars divided by a platform or shelf that
The saddest incident of all was a visit permitted from forty to fifty men
Only those men Hungarian major, who was dying, FLOATING PALACES OF THE PAST.
travel in a single car
He had a tiny cell-it couldn't be ralled in the upper tier had light. The small
room-and in the cell was a battered. On the eve of the war some sort of com petition in floating palaces was in pro-
window that furnished light also furnish- greas. The Hamburg-American Company
ed the only ventilation. There was ab bed, a roughly made table and a bench. solutely no sanitary conveniences. Soup A pillow stuffed with straw supported had recently munched the meritor, with
the prisoner's bead, and a won Chiness a tonnage of 52,000, the Faterland of
and a pound of water-soaked bread each day were the rations for the journey.quilt covered the emaginted limbs. There 58,000 tons had recently been completed. designed the Cunard had recently
been served at noon there were several comfort or cheez save, a tin enn and a third, even greater ship, was being
Although the meal was support to were no sheets, nu blankets, nothing of ccasions when it was not given to them with the last of the autumn dowers. Launched the Aquitain of 45.000 tons, and the White Star Company was build rests upon journalists to tell the
During the he brought his hand to his forehead in 3 o'clock in the morning. whatever their private opinions, may be For all
meals were salate and motioned toward the laneh. ing a sister to the Olympic.
Mr. J. H. Boer proposed The Guests,"
trip across Manchuria no
Somewhere in Hungary -he bad on Eng- trades, the tendency was towards greater
if not higher speed, and more luxury and Mr. Stanley Machin, in the course served.
"Of the men stationed at Nikolsk, about lish wife and children and the doctor came. There
of his response, referred to the proposal
clearing-house between England and 30 per cent, according to the chief doctor thought that it would comfort him to a period of four years, dunger Germany. He did not believe in the Ger intervened a which no progress was made in passenger-
was overwhelmingly pathetic. It want fering
The officers were carrying
ships. Labour and material had an sincerity (Hear, hear.) The world the prison hospital. are invalide su hear her language spoken. His gratitude
would not be bamboozled. Honest people diseases such as tuberculosis and hearted nothing, he said. to be concentrated on vessels to bring as the necessaries of life, and there was some could be dealt with, but he hoped our disease, mental disorders which are comery kind and gave him every comfort doubt whether we should have sufficient friends would not allow themselves to be non because of the seemingly hopeless He was sorry. but he was too weak
talk. Perhaps next time he would be this purpose
And no
nowblinded, and let Germany once again sitaation, former unsanitary living con- for
able to express to the American Red Cris ditions and exposure.. Many men have that peace has cont, there is at present undermine the Arisdom of the world. ships eve
been crippled for life as a result of their his appreciation of what they were doing for his men. There was no word of com- of indication
intention
arins and legs having byen frozen. Last British shipping companies turning their
winter many of the camps were swept by plaint, no request, no regret: only grati- attention to the construction of mammoth
Some According to the last available
Great Britain has the greatest interest epidemies of typhus and Hu. The death tude that someone from the outside world Sgures, only four ships of between Suco replacing the coal-wasting steam engine toll in one camp was 1,400 men and 25,000 tons are being built, ten beby, the more conotajcal Diesel engine, and of the men are suffering from old wounds tween 10,000 and 15,000 tons, eleven tween 12,000 and 15.000 tons, and three this, first, because she can therewith effect that are still discharging us. though
her most valuable the wounds were inficted five years ago.
The barracks in which the prisoners between 10,000 and 12,000 tone-025 of a treasure, coal, and thus defer the exhaustive pre
low wooden buildings total of 719 which are now being built ton of her stock; and, secondly,
long. Attention is on be propelled by steam.
she can run her coal industry and the divided into tiers to make more being devoted in the main to useful types interdependent chemical industries on than is given by the original plan
18 less than five feet between the first 5,000 and 10,000 of between
more economical lines when using coal on tons are in hand. For the moment ship rational lines. Finally, because she will and second tier so that a man cannot owners appear not to be attracted by the
of liquid fuels by using coal to give tar The floor space is but-49 square feet for size or in speed. It may be anticipated
Wastern Australia, which has given will be
and tar oils that can be employed in the each two men. Most of the beds are a before good my 50,000
also made herself free and indeper.dent stand upright in his own compartment. couple of boards raised from the Bour hat it will
Ujesel engine.
The bedd a State Socialism a longer and re com- wo, hear of a ship of anything
It is seven years since this inventor on bricks at each corner.
prehensive trial, perhaps, than any other tons being laid down, even for the
made that statement. and the Diesel is a pile of rags. Such blankets as the
State in the Commonwealth, has appar- Atlantic trade.
make underwear, ently found the ice unprofitable- The Americans may engine is still in process of development, prisoners have are worn to shreds,
used becn has been made ip determine to lead the way in this respect and not much progress we be suggested. There are but a few mattresses in the Under succes
Governments but they are young in what may be dethe line of conf
Australin has embarked on a scribed as maritime stateemanship, and The largest Diesel engine for marine ase prison camp, the hardness of the bird Western
of State
enterprises; including have many lessons to learn.
which had been built on the eve of the hating been broken, in a few instances,
whipping services,
etc., some of inent works, and mills, imple- war was for an oil tank vessel belonging by harlup bags filled with straw, COMING OF THE MOTOR ENGINE
which have been in operation for several horse power and bad six cylinders. But it may be said. What about onto Germany. It developed 2.000 brake
The dishes, kaives and forks which bey
Fears with anything but satisfactory displacing coal And again, What about Americans are now devoting a good deal oy themselves, or ap without, are also economic results. This was admitted by the Premier of the State in replying the influence of the internal co chairs of attention to ther reips, of five on order evidence of their peeve opiiged to eat engine? Are we not on eve of reengine. Two motor of five on order on. Several officers are obliged to eat recently to a depulation from the Western volution in these two respects? There
from the same plate;
te; knives, after Η ΓΕ revolutions and
No ose carrying capacity of 4,000 tons, and each of usage bave no händies or broken blade Australian Chamber of Manufactures.
with a right aomo are very slow and in one yard, have recently beer
Grass, then a tremendous responst until midnight, and on one occasion at Though too weak even to raise his head
no
store where you will get the pride of Philippines the MUNDO" & at the cheapest rate obtainable favourable exchange.
liners EL PALACIO”
owing to
to
937 vessels
any
be-
THE HONGKONG CIGAR STORE position to propen the competition in
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wo.
for
Robert Hadfield also responded.
enormous savings,
They are wooden shipa
have
chronic
mal-nutrition. fro
to
SHARING A SINGLE PLATE.
had
to
come to comfort him. Clothes and food and medicine will for their mental anguish there is only relieve the suffering of their bodies but one remedy, and that is Home!
STATE TRADING.
ITS PAILURE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
ariety
tion
the
did
who desired to obtain a definite declara
of the
the Government's future
policy
ity in matter of State trading concerns. can foresee the extent to which oil in the 18 fitted with two 500 b.h.p. six-cylinder and the forks are without the full num- near future will displace coal.
deputation represented that it was a The Winton-Diesel engines of the four-cycle ber of prongs. Radely built tables and ment avaite the
Comparatively unimportant matter whe horoughly relate pent of a type. Motor ships are being built in this benches serve to supplement the ds in
hat, owing to the numerous partitions, the ther such enterprises paid or not; the real suitable engine
Da Oil will country, but not a relatively large num- the grim quarters allotted to each man. large ships Oil will then be more economical în ase, and space but it Diesel type of engine is coming cubbyholes opening from the center aisle 1 point of importance was that their exist-
still in its infancy. All that
stifled ence of each
private enterprise. not merely. barracks pre practically without and inbour will be saved; moreover, an can be said at present is that, owing to
in the particular directions in which the it light.
Business. oil-burning ship is a clean ship, and as the economies which it represents, it Everywhere there are rags for bedding, State embarked but generally.
men were afraid to start any venture it can be refuelled quicker, it can earn appears to be the engine of the future.
not know when thest forms, rags for towels, rags, even, for because they more money. It is very significant that A number of technical difficulties have to rags for underwear, clothes, rags for uni- the Cunard Company in building its new be surmounted, as no doubt they will be ships to burn either coal or oil-but in surmounted by the keen technical minds shoes. And these rags have been washed might have the State as a competitor. The principle was one of vital importance to the community, as a whole, the pros. : association with boilers. That action has in this and other countries which are now and worn, washed and worn until there The ite parallel in the early days of the steam studying the phis yet pccurred to lead they are made men who, for physical or enterprise more than upon anything
is nothing left to tell of what material
parity of
of which depended upon private else engine, when steam was installed in shipk But nothing has
to scrap their exist
The Premier (the Hon. James Mitchell), 48 an auxiliary to sail power. Presum merchant shipowners suggested that other reasons, cannot get work in the ably the Cunard Company made very full ing vessels, as it has
town, occupy themselves in the prison in his reply to the deputation, investigation before com not bo motor almost all using oil and "not coal, but workshops, or by painting, drawing. The Covernment were against
to this deci the men-cf-war of the British Fleet-
The pro- ing any further State enterprises. The sion. At any rate, these
already estab internal
com-with steam boilers should be scrapped modeling and woodcarving.
ducts of their handiwork are sold in an had certain enterprises bustion
engines,
That is not the method of business men. The rapidity with which oil is adopted They are going on building steamships exhibition roma arranged for the pur-listed, but be assured the deputation that ships that is, fitted with
any trade carried on by the State should in the mercantile marine depends 111
large instead of adventuring their all in motor pose, but the prices are so low and cus
but should The ships
watching the course oftomers are so far between that it is not not only earn interest and since any
rates and taxes measure apon
Pay the development of the
The internal combustion engine of the Diesel
dividends very productive. enterprise. There is but events. They have to earn G type. Aa long ago as 1806 Dr. Diesel built to the real talent among the prisoners, one private trading concern his first engine, and abort time before maximum advantage, as Dr. Diesel sug young Hungarian office having exhibited sation of the iron industry had been He held that State competition the opening of the war he disappeared; gestad, and some of the remaining pro-in Faris and Berlin before the war, yet suggested, but he would do nothing of the from the deck of a Channel steamer, after blems associated with the Diesel engine his pictures do not bring him enough to years of varying fortune and many dis have been solved, as they will be solved, hey a pair of shoes. The light in which was absolutely wrong, and if the Govern- reasonable price they would appointments. He was, no doubt, right the steam engine will follow sails into many of the prisoners do their work in meat could dispose of the existing con-
oblivion. The future lies with the motor. so bad that many have injured their eye ceras at (Continued at foot of next column.), ship.-Daily Telegraph.
when he declared:
ד' .
sight.
do so.
fund
nationali