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1108]
PORTUGAL AT THE CONFERENCE,
GREAT BRITAIN'S SUPPORT. FUTURE OF THE COLONIES.
Lisus. September 19th.
-
SUSPEND WORK ON SHIPS! A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF THE
WHAT THE NAVY THINKS OF THE
FUTURE.•
BY M. FERRADY, DAILY EXPRESS "
-NAVAL CORRESPONDENT, ];
UNIVERSE.
THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY.
[CONTRIBUTED.!
UNREST IN EGYPT. BRITISH ADVISERS AND NATIVE OFFICIALS
"
St F. D. Lugard, formerly Governor of Hongkong, in n letter to The Times.
30FS:--
of th: Portuguese. Delegation at the Penes been possibly to disenss with the merability, and even if finally it is relegated ability and long experience, in some cases
TORPEDO ATTACK. "
may be opposed to the
province, even though that advice
Mudir's OWN... mature judgment.
Your
should become execir
five officials, responsible to their Ext Junior Englishment proposes that these
Ministers who are in turn controlled by fan official superiors-the Mudiry and the British Advisers to the Ministers, and think that there are few British offers the High Commissioner. I venture su who have been charged with high admini. strative responsibility overseas who w
would not view with extreme misgiving an to place British officials under However anxions
"A new philosophy of the Universe " For those interested or concerned in
It is always interesting to spend is, the description give by the Press to Fortuguese Politics the holiday reading week or two affbar with the officers of the announcement that one piece of this summer has been provided by the the Navy. It takes one's wind rapidly experimentally by the Astronomer Royal pondent comes to the rest of the matter. In the last of the very interesting Evidence at least has been obtainal articles on Egyptian, unrest your corres book by Senhor Egus Moniz, published from the theoretical to the, practicn last month, and entitled "Em Ano de The past few days that I have spent in has ever been developed so rapidly or Egyptian who cries out for independenc
in favor of the Theory of Relativity. Polition. The author was appointed by the First Battle Squadron have been more
No theory that has been promulgated in the endeavour to uanlyse what the the late President Purs, Portuguese Ministhan usually interesting, beenuse it has ter in Spain, Foreign Minister and Head
been subject to such searching criticism.
means By the term. Το carious nature
He criticizes the its
its invulnera Cuernors).
system ander which the Mudirs (Provin Lonference
His book, after a rapid marrow the many debatable things which probably be only owing to a distaste for
who are responsible for the Navy of to
after men of great to the dust bin of waste notions, issile 30 or 40 years, survey of previous events,
denis mainly with the renewal of relations between Lord Fisher has thrown overboard among its chief tenets.
are bound to take the Portugal and the Vatican effected
his verbal depth charges.
Like certain discarded advice given to them out of his ignorance through negotiations between himself and
theories such I should not be exaggerating if I said gravitation. it explains the facts; and.
us Boscovitch's theory of the British Inspector, a young nian Monsignor Ragonesi, and
Fresh From England who is attached to terests at the Peace Conference.
Portuguese in- that the bulk of service opinion consider.like this theory, it sades eisproof, and
the also concerned, incidentally, with Porta exaggerations inseparable from advance that of improbability.
It ised Lord Fisher, to be indulging in the the only evidence likely to be against it gal's part and policy in the war, "anding year with the future of the Portuguese colopies.
At the same time. there a The subject of relative motion is one a school in the service, and it is largely which presents itself at a very early stage Pending the publication of the White Book this volume throws light on several
a school of younger men, who see truth in the development of mechanics, and we in such phrases as Air fighting domi may regard it as having been placed op questions of importance, and gives some welcome information concerning the Pre and By sea the only way to avoid the mates future war both by land and gra."
a deanite basis by Newton He showed sidency of Senhor Sidonio Paes and the
that it is impossible, by means of denami- air is under the water." relations between
cal experiments, to determine the absolute Portugal and Great Britain
velocity of a bedy through I is
is an interesting fact that the author has nothing but
motion is relative. and laws of mo attitude of Great Britain towards Portuare largely specialists either in sub applicable whether the point from which
praise for the
Those who subscribe to these sentimentsion as stated by Newton are equally Kal titer fe had been recalled in during the Peace Conference, and it
marines or in aviation, and their opin
We are measuring is at best or is in March
of the present year that Portugal fessional training, but I am inclined, destructive to a stationary object
ions are naturally tinged by their pro
motion. A missile har!
hurled from a train began to hear from his successor how nevertheless, to give them publicity, be one hurled in the opposite direction: but. direction of motion is much man
both might he to fulfil their obligations abominably Portugal was being treated.
with loyalty, nothing but disharmony than And Senhor Exas Moniz
plays sever
s several tributes
cause it is of the utmost importance that as far as objects on the train are con to Mr. Balfour, whose charm he felt at
the views of these young men, who have erned; it is equally destructive whether
of both would be nullined the Foreign Offer and in Paris, and to
There is no need to labour the point, the done great things under active service burled forwards, backwards or sidewayxperience of the Empire atte to it. Sir Eyre Crowe, and he declares that he conditions, should be heard dow equaily English
The
I be allowed to augst an aler Stay very simplicity of the faws of delegates. the only ones who with the voices of the senior men who actions between bodies is, to mans philo only from his own Egyptian superior
native Let the Mudir take his crders Succeded in eps effectively
have grown up in an older tradition. sepEical evidence in favour of Newton's the Minister who is advised by and must (p. 179), that
I was at the head do not say that youth has the monopoly view. These simple laws are equally true OF Delegation the support of Great of wisdon in these matters, but there is whether our axis is moving or stationary. Britain a
on the advice if his British Adviser: never failed us in the hours of no reason that it should have the mono.
The Mudir alone will give orders to his The space with which we deal is greater difficulty***
(p. 193) and that poly of silence. it was England that defended our cause
aspect of the relations between pheno even to the
Wakils, or deputies, in his province, and in difficult moments. (p. 413). He siders that things were going excellently
mena, but, at least as far as motion is specter wifi sheikhs. The British be constantly touring for Portugal when the whole Delegation
↓ see, that thei was recalled as the result of the Democrat
the Mudir which come under his observa faithfully obeyed, and that extortion and tyranny Party's
Ho Deliciomph in Portugnt.
despatch (p. 391), in which the
tion. He tenders friendly advice. alike prints
are not practised He reports cases Minister
who was neting for him at Lisbon as Foreign Minister, after sum- marily dismissing the man who had done
the administration of justice in the na the work and replacing the Delegation
(intorming the Mudir). He watches over by Dr. Afonso Costa and seven others,
tive Courts, and the operations of the erds with a lament that it was a great
tax collector. pity that they could not all remain, both
He is the friend of the those thus dismissed and their successors:
sheikh, of the Wakil, and of the
the circumstances to his own, official If his advice is not followed he reports
iinister-but he is neither the superior-the British Adviser to the
Wera
THE TROOPS IN FRANCE.
was
one
•qualition on could result, and the best
act
Discussion centres largely at the moved the movement of this space 15 through the
effect. In setting out his scheme orders of ent.
་་
Newton
postulated
an
The doctrine is not metaphysical: it does sabordinate of the Egyptian C
to
ment around torpedo attack. In the first formidable weapon then that which was absolute standard in space, relative to place, the post-war torpedo is a far more of omat Jatland, and the employment which all velocities are measured. Euch
dynamics.
of it is regarded differently. particularly a beginning was suggested by the history as regards big ship actions." There is of the astronomical problem with which torpedo as a separate projectile; each centre of the Universe from the earth to Do longer that tendency to regard each be was dealing Copernicus shifted the the Mudir and to his district officials considered solely as a unit in field of locomotive mines.
a whole the sun it was but a short step in thought to assume that even the sun was must have a striking influence on tactics that it is impossible on mechanica
That is a big change in itself, and
not the absolute centre of the Universe. The theory as left by Newton is simply an influence of which Jellicoe showed us grounds to determine the absolute velocity a foretaste at Jutland when he was fight Concerning Portugal's policy in the ing under practically unknown condi is its velocity with respect to others. of any body all that can be determined war, some confusion has prevailed owing tions The line of thought which he ful to the failure to distinguish between lowed there will largely be the line of not deny absolute space or direction: it nor is he his de ficts master. her taking the side of the Allies, as to thought that admirals in the near future merely denies the possibility of determin-man of tact, and of some experience (whe Which there was scarcel any differenos will follow when confronted with a ing them.
If he is a of opinion in Portugal, and her sending similar problem, because the consensus troops to France, as to which there was a of service opinion is that it was the only charges and electrical press testbered as a friend by those who are honestly
Later,
should
young mer fresh from England deal. It is great
the relativity of electrical Mobility ), be will be vas the is no secret that it
posts of such great and Portuguese Government
vital which insistentlyane course to follow.
lished. It is extremely unlikely that
regard asked that Europe as we should aght in
earth. although generally assumed to be endeavouring to rule it was as a result of these official repre employment of torpedoes by aircraft. Wed that that charge will have no
Africa and that
His advice uhcharged is actually so. Yet it is easily
will save the native officia from
mistake, and the whatever upon the forces between
peasantry Will Prmally requested Portugal to co-operate) Squadron at Portland just before then the assumption that the earth is at eyes and in those of the people a matter regard him as an ally. The dignity of the na bodies France. From
of the the neighbourhood and
tive officials, from the Minister to the jest as
earth of view apart from party, considerations "joy-ride" began. Aeroplanes carrying rest electrical theory can be developed on
as dynamics can be developed village sheikh, is preserved in their own there was much to be said for this active torpedoes made an attack on the Atlant the assumption that the earth co-operation, and her sufferings and Flest, preceded by other flying machines ao electrical charge. In other words
of transconfent
to nativa sacrifices, which had already been great carrying smoke bombs, and succeeded in
importance to rulers-for they alone can issue, orders in the name of Government. The in Afries and Portugal, might otherwise landing quite a high percentage of their
served, for the British officer's advice of the
prestige have passed unnoticed. But it is natural torpedoes in the hulls of the battleships.
catnet be lightly ignored, and he in turn controlling Power is equally pre- enough for the Portuguese to be asking I am betraying no secret if I say that themselves now what they have gained by that attack has given rise to consider
is under the direct orders of the Britiab a famous victory. No oneable discussion, and also to not a little travelling from Lisbon to Madrid enn misgiving. I dealt with this problem to relativity as it stood has always ben is
except a
Adviser only help thinking how pleasant and profitable some extent in the course of the war and when the wave theory of light became applied in Nigeria for the past 20 years Space does not admit of elaboration, it would have been to be a neutral,
but I Ag As the Daily Express at the time the Ger-
may add these principles are no unsatisfying doctrine to the mind, empiric suggestion. a matter of fact. neutrality would not mans used torpedoes from acropianes firmly established it was almost with a
They have been have been profitable, but ruinous. for Portugal It would bave meant the lossgainst merchantmen in the North Sea. sense of relief that the suggestion of a
with success, and the powerful Moslem of her colonies, and it is in the security then developed it to a considerable ex- possibility of a return to the absolute six million soulsy, though well
The original idea was not theirs. We had universal ether was hailed as offering a
in that Dependency (10 to 15 times size of of the colonies and the possibility of theartent but it fell to them to bring the theory. Here was a medium of reference England was at war with Tare that
Egypt, with 蔬
idea into public notice.
it all
дя in
the
Portuguese point
.
ALRCRAFT.
Much more dramatię, however, is the
in
is not possible by electrical phenomena to it determine whether the earth is charged, any more than it is possible by dynamica earth is at rest. phenomena to determine whether the The limited scope of the principle of Father
the
war
And
population of
have
making.
many
thou-
pffering daily prayers in the mosques for the success of
Lord Milzer, who going as Special Commissioner to Egypt. fagtand in Egypt." The times recognizes these principles may be seen by references to have changed since he wrote that book, development, do not change. but principles, though, susceptible of
development that will lie her best reward
At the same time Portugal will have a
with respect to which the velocities of remained enthusiastically real grievance against the Peace Treaty
An aeroplane with a flying range of the assumption of the mediu
bodies could be measured. Subsequent to annds of pounds for the prosecution of
loyal, voluntary contributions of if she does not obtain very heavy repara- some 300 miles, capable of carrying two parties of this ether were developed until tions from Germany. I think that is the 21-inch torpedoes and discharging them it became as real a phys cal entity as
dium the pro- the unanimous feeling of Englishmen in at a battleship from a height of about matter itself. Then arose the attempt to
of friends of Portugal twenty feet from the water behind a abro, and
It must be remembered that Ger- smoke cloud laid by other acroplanes is a
measure the velocity of the earth with many attacked Angola perfectly un
factor in future warfare that we cannot Such a quest has no meaning, of course, respect to this all-pervading medium. scrupulously before a state of war existed afford between Germany and
overlook. Whether the antidote part from the additional debt caused and that is to be found solely in the submersible properties with which matter placed in
ether. The medium the warship, as Lord Fisher says. or in, the by arouses the gravest fearn for Portugal's blistered" ship with practically explo- beyond an aggregate of the functions is das ception of the only by the financial position, unless she can obtain sian prouf bull, which is the present be which it serves, though we find it diffes.
is invested. It is in fact nothing a new prosperity from the development
existent form.
colonies for other countries, and the whole of African trade.
COLONIAL SCHEMES.
BUBMARINES.
defrite
110.
is interesting to observe that the Fleet is almost entirely of earth was at absolute rist with respect to physically, considered of the
to
an
the colonies. And not only does justinlief of the service, we can only determine to conceive" it except in some concrete! demand that she should receive capital in the course of time. for their development, but it would be
attempt at disproof. This motionless or stagnant ether hav exceedingly bad policy on the part of the
It involves the conception of time, as something which Allies not to see that she gets it, since class that a submarine can be built to experimental means to determine the experimental result, and not a concept. We have, it is true, shown in the M that it was found impossible by any ing been adopted, it came as a surprise
cannot be separated from the conception, the development of the Portuguese
of space. Simultaneity in time is an colonies will favourably affect the African carry heavy guas. We have shown, too, motion of the earth through it. Severni down the ether stream because clocks. if
that submarines driven by steam can methods of experiment offered
Light takes equal time to travel up and attain the speed of battleships We have but each one gave the same negative re- themselves, produced submarines whose speed of subult.
set the same when placed together, change mersion and facility of submersion ap The velocity of light was measured both and
Briefly the methods were these. This volume contains colonial projects pronch the ideal for Fleet work. Never in the direction of motion of the earth's ed at A. The second clock is taken to B
on being moved. Imagine two points and B. Two similar clock involving an expenditure of £22,000,000, theless, we have not yet approached the surface and
exactly the same time by a person station
are set at of which £12,000,000 is for new railway submersible with the hitting power and the earth were
in the opposite schemes. But the whole capital required, the sustained seapower of the battleship ether, then a difference in velocity abould for light to travel in one direction is
direction. If with respect to the A to B and from B to A. The time
and the velocity of light measured from is far greater and more closely approxi mates to the £120,000,000 which is the sum as we know it today.
have been evident..
taken Buch a difference which the war is calculated to have cost
could not be detected. The only obvious travel in the The circumstances of to-day are such explanation seemed to be either that: the although the
found equal to the time taken for it to Portugal. It is
opposite direction; for, that in a Portuguese Note presented at opinion that all new construction should the ether, or that the earth dragged they the Peace Conference it is stated thas be temporarily suspended It is felt that ether with it as it moved through it the notion of the ether stream, the read-
ligat
meta hay be affected by Portugal intends to
accept and we come the Admiralty Committee on New Con. Both are equally inconceivable. The rating of the second clock during, i the advent of foreign (Allie
(Allies) capital and initiative in the Portuguese colonies, to into the problems.
struction should be given a chance to go would bring back the centre of the whole from A to B has been affected by
its transfer ocad Portuguese and
universe
the earth. The second would
amount which exactly compensatex. bring the earth to rest very rapidly. One the
So far the only evidence in favour of English) specialists to reign (especially the resources of the colonies, and to grant concessions
explanation Portuguese
Fat forward by Fitzgerald theory, has been of and Lorentz was that space was oriented, and Allied companies,
negative kind. II the "naturally giving the
and that the failure of our apparatus to observed, and experiment preference" among
which principle is true, certain effects might be expected will not be latter to Great Britain.”·
light
has always It is to be hoped that the Portuguese ing. The admirable good sense of Presi in various directions was due to the
dent Paes is more than once made clear
every measuring
reason to believe-positive evidenco devices Blora, since the future of the Portuguese
in length when they were
Vices were
of an effect deduced from the theory has colonies depends on it, and even delay in author realises. It is seen the
the were when placed across the stream.
what they Moniz in
ne very definite confirmation. Its effect. Londor a few hours before
The bo sufficient unto themselves in Africa questionable right to the whole of her relativity was put forward in a much cherished conceptions have been severely folly to pretend that the Portuguese canwhich, while emphasising Portugal's un-
idea, distasteful as it was, held the field upon the fundamental principles CF physical science it is difficult to over-esti- The plain truth is that they are not, and
planation, until once more the theory of
mabe. I could not be, in so visat an enterprise. existing possessions, be strongly depremore complete form by Epostein and bis shaken. Our belief
During the last generation many of our Moreover, never before has foreign co
on her part, for any new operation in the Portuguese colonies been addition of territory, he declares that, then, is that it is impossible he" by Euclidian geometry has received many
territory. Far from suggesting such an
co-workers. The theory, as stated fraught with
lena
peril for Portugal, the event of an offer of the kind being determine the absolute motion of a body. since, alter ber part, in the war, everyone made,
means, either dynamical or optical, to any respects her right to the absolute sover- ward something more useful.
would he preferable to put for The earth may be moving with respect eignty of all bor dominions. If, by her
His firm action now, she justifies the goodwill of saved Portugal an immense amount of end in failure. The boldness of such
ness and clear-sightedness. would have mice this motion by physical means must to the ether, but any attempt to deter- the Allier her future should be not only money and of time; both of which are now theory, demands attention; yet, all good but excellent. Happily it is becom being squandered on what seems, to the embracing as it is, it seems to evade any ing realised in Portugal that it is more uninitiated, an unnecessarily extensive
(Continued at foot of next column.)
(Continued at joot of next column.)
Messrs. BREWER & CO.,
(Sole Agenter Hongkong).
to
the
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conspire at home, and quite as interest. Cetermine differences in the velocity of shown that they are. If as there seems
patriotic to work in the colonies than to
fact that
despatch
Government is acting up to these profes in this book, clearer. perhaps, than the rent ether stream from placed been obtained, the principle has received
this matter may speil ruin. It is suicidal which he sent to Senhor Ez death, in for some time as the only possible ex
cates the
scale.
in
in
the infallibility of
is, at present, hard to severe blows, and on what basis it of it all, even if our rest when its very sub-structure in shaken will Soved ether
Yet out
namely the right to doubt. Science has nothing more than a set of equations written in outlandish wen something more precious than belief, symbols, we have
too lang been fettered by convention and 41orship of authority.A.G.W.