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CAVALRY VALUE OF THE MAN ON THE HORSE
|[BF÷A, ÇAVALRYMAN, ] |
"Cavalry patrols have penetrated Ave males behind the enemy original Three or four times during the last year we have seen announcements similar to this in communiqués when a "push", has taken place-not only on the western front bat in Rusia and Italy se well What does it mean--what picture does it convey to the mind of the man reading his morning paper! To some those with a very vague idea of the use of cavalry-it may mean lines of galloping horses, ahouting men, and panicstricken Germans running for dear life. Others may imagine regiment":
after regiment trotting gaily along the high roads swords drawn, or lances with their lapos flags waving as the wind catches them Both of these are very far from the real thing.
1914-1918-A RETROSPECT.
out a number of Franch divisions for training and the gap had to be #l ̈ed. Some raka must be run in wartere, blamed, civil or military, save only the and from first to last no one is to be traitors in Russis who relieved their own. backs of the German burden by piling a double waight upon the Western front
BY SIR ARTHUR QOWAN DITLE} There is one point about the great war which no historian will ever make clear, because in its essence it gets bayand the physical and impinges upon the spiritual
THE BUNS WORST ERROR minute and with every conceivable advan. upon. as That is why the Germans, trained to the
It may be that when the war is looked Lage upon their sida, did not sweep of German strategy is reviewed, their very a whole and the course of the map in the first two month the un-blander in aver entering Belgium) will
worab error (save, of course, their colossa prepared forces which faced them Evan prove to be the selection of the point for now we could suggest few improvements reckon that, whenever is struck, it would in the original German army, with its certainly gain' considerable stretch of this great attack.. They might well. invisible uniforms, its aeroplanes, its ground. Therefore it would seem to hare telescope sights for snipers, its heavy gain of ground would give a very rent been their correct policy to strike where guns, its profuse use of machine guns. advantage. Thus, if the gain were in the Compare it with the French, clad so as to North, it must include Dunkirk, if not be walking targets and without a hears ably bring them within shelling distance Calais. If on the Aisne it would prob- gun in their whole field army; or with of Calate. But, out of the whole long the British, whose equipment was cer tainly more modern, but who suffered the ground which they had themselves line they deliberately chose the one place where an advance simply gave them back from anch a dearth of munitions that surrendered the year before, and which again the guns could not be fed. It is will count as a very great error,
chapter in history which we can record had, of course, Amiens and the Somme had been ravaged by them. Surely, this
plain. The imponderabilin of a just and wonder at, but we can never sx-
estuary as a further objective, but it cause and a fiery sense of wrong weighed
proved to be beyond their grasp.
down all the material advantage, until that human torrent was slowed, was stayed, and finally was turned.
THE YEAR OF RESISTANCE.
A GREAT RECOVERY.
They
If you could place yourself among the enemy rearguard you would see prae tically nothing for an hour or more, and then, if your eyes were well trained, you would see perhaps one, borseman cau tiously picking his way towards you, followed, after a few minutes, by another. It they were in wooded country ther would have their rifles drawn; in open country they would have nothing in their hands at all, except, possibly, a map These two men would then confer for a moment, and one might turn and trot back in the direction he came from. The other might either go on, or more prob ably would dismount, and with his the fact that it was son Kluck's army for defence, and the battle began by the
glasses scan the country round about him, paying special attention to any villages
that he could-see.
the man
THE PATROL
year of resistance. Everywhere our The year of 1814 may be called the shoulders were against the two doors, the one which led to Paris and the other to the coast. Looking at it from the purely British point of view there were two great eples in 1914. The first was Paris in this our am number con the stopping of the German rush apo
ned us to a subsidiary part, an yet which was eventually driven in at the Ourcq-the very army with which we had grappled, and which we had weakened
must be a source of antisfaction to us.
In the other epic we played no minor part: We held the second great rush, After five minutes the other man would that of the German reserve armies for the came into sight again, bringing with him French divisions we turned it at Ypres sea, and with the help of Belgians and three or four other one probably Our Allies were loyal and splendid, but officer, a subaltern. He would have a history will admit that it was our own map, and would at once call up regular army which in the main held this who had been watching vital line, and wore itself to shadow in the ground in front to speak to him the most desperate battle which all its He would ask him what he saw, annals can record. what he heard, if he saw any fresh tracks made by horses; and having heard all he wanted, on w vanced points again with a definite go the two “nd- place to go to, there to wait again as before and to watch. When they have been gone three or four minutes another man would follow, and after him, quite close up, the officer-the patrol lender "" and a man with him, probably his ser- vant, would trot" slowly on.
12
A
of that great battle that began upan March 21st, details which have been given
We are gradually learning the details;
to the public in such a fashion that the impression has gone abroad both here
army has effected during the war. and among our Allies that it was a disaster, whereas, in fact, it was one of
some ways it was more wonderful than the most remarkabla recoveries which any;
the retreat from Mens. but it differed In
from that famous movement in that the
Мода retreat was always strategic,. whereas the retreat from the new to the
tactical defeat in the first instance. old British line was certainly caused by dense mist, by an extraordinary piece of bad luck, neutralised the arrangements F
whole forward line at every point of This involved the destruction of neatly & attack being overwhelmed by the advance
crippled the rest to an extent which third of the force actively engaged and might have proved fatal to their powers of resistance Of the four corps in the central ones were struck by the first North under General Byng only the two. German rush, but as they reeled back before it the two Bank ones had to move also to preserve the line, It is historical how, Bghting hard all the time, they fell back upon their reserves, and how, upon March 8th, Fergusson's 17th Corps and Haldane's 6th Corps. sided by the right
anch fashion that they have never gone North. turned upon their pursuers in units of Horne's First Army in the
forward a foot in that region from that day to this.
More serious was the afsir of Gough's
IMMOBILITY OF EQUAL EFFORT. tion. As some soldier expressed it: This brought the war to a static condi-
line on the map and said dig here!
About this time & Ceneral drew a blue We have been digging ever since. The armies sark into the trenches in the GOUGH'S ART autumn of 1914, and they did not emerge" until the early spring of 1917. Great Fifth Army in the south, where the three hundred yards behind them would lines of resistance, with the fat bullet With 3,000 guns and forty divisions, he woor efforts were made by either side, but the enemy had mustered his chief strengta come the remainder of the patrol-two swept intervals between, were terrible barst upon the eleven British divisions. men, perhaps, with a connecting file half- absorbers, and the splendid opening which held the line, and pushed back: way between them--and the patrol leader tailed off in every case to an unsatis- them and their supports, which consist They would ride past you, and that is factory end. At first it was the shorted, all told, during the first eight days. all you would see. Not very exciting, and sharp struggle such it But those little patrols are being
23 Neuve of four infantry and three cavalry: pushed forward all along the braken Chapelle, Loos, Champagne, or the second divisions, with an artillery which num-
battle of Ypres,
bered 1300 guns at the beginning buf
that fatal fog.
their way ahead ever so carefully, and yet going as fast as they possibly can struggle auch as Verdun and the Somme. without endangering the lives of the During all that weary time neither army troops following in their wake moved five miles. But though they lay After these patrols, who are the motionless, and the position might seem AMERICA PREFERS THE RIFLE cavalry pouring through the gap troops understood that it was the immobility of **feelers," come the larger bodies of to be eternal, the reasoning observer cqnal effort, that both were tense and strained to the uttermost, and that, soon. or later, one or other must crack.
victory. The Germans lost theirs when
front-one to every mile or so org Then in 1916 came the prolonged lost a large proportion of its strength in
AN THE MOST PERFECT WEAPON?:/
EVER PRODĽOED.
of thirty-odd men, and perhaps whole squadrons, all bent on the same purpose destruction-destruction of telegraph
columns of lorries or wagons, the stopping
FAINTZILIGENCE NXEDED,
Had this army been overwhelmed no- thing could have saved Amiens, and the whole war would have been in jeopardy. distant supports fighting from every With Coolheaded valour it fell upon its
wood and farm and bill, to bring to s stop that mighty harde which rolled be bind them. Many a division had taken samples from eight and nine German
some fresh body of weary, but indomit-
stead of waiting and using it simultaneable, men threw themselves across the ously all down the line: The British lost path of the invaders, until that happy theirs when they used imperfect tanks in day when the Australian and New a piecemeal way instead of developing Zealand divisions raced up to thicken the
shredding lines. leasing a thousand at one time with a criabing effect In each case the defend- est rallied from the partial attack, and the trench war continued
, THE SOMME BATTLE,
With the entrance of American troops wires, signal stations, the holding up. of Each side had one chance of a crushing divisions before the gut was over. Never into the front-line trenches the rifle, says and destroying of small bodies of the they introduced gas upon one sector in once was the line broken, and always the Pittsburg Despatch, is coming into its own in the Europeaa war. Hitherto, enemy moving up to reinforce their badly except with the Canadians, it has not defeated comrades. The probabis method played the part that might have been of dealing with these bodies would be expected of it. Already the deadly ac-three or four Hotchkiss rifles turned on curacy of American" marksmanship has them suddenly, and the taken its toll of German victims, for the permitted it, a quick transformation rifle is the favourite
* column" to "Line, and then It has been acknowledge of our troops from
for years that hell for leather and the devil take the the American Regular Army, small though hindmost? it was prior to 1917, is the finest body of marksmen in any army. Our teams com- peting at Camp Perry and at Bisley It is obvious from the short account against the best shots of Europe and the above that the cavalry soldier has got to Western Hemisphere, prove conclusively be a very intelligerent man'; must be able that the superiority-still. rests with us
to write distinctly, read a map accurate The United States Government has ly, use his glasses effectually, and know made for its army the most perfect mili- how to use his eyes. He must be some tary rifles ever produced. These are the thing of a Red Indian and 'something of Springfield model of 1903 and the 1917 areout, his main object being to see and model, both of which are, beyond question, not be seen And he has got to be brave better guns than those used by any other is different way from the infantryman army in the world. The cartridges for It is not hard to be brave when brave thes are the best now in u
The
been men are all round you, but it is out an to appropriate about $13 a year for the enviable task to be out on your own in rife practice of each soldier in the army at your life and the lives of many the blue" in enemy country, and know Target ranges have been built in all parts, of the country: These were available ne others depend on your eyes and ears. only for the use of the army and the Na It takes months and months to make tional Guard but also for ride associar even a decent, cavalry soldier before the tions. The ability to shoot accurately has war it took years and that is why it is made the American rifleman dangerous ancha terrible waste of training when This same skill is making our infantry cavalrymon are filled bolding the teen man, superior to his foe on the western ches an infantry. At times it cannot be front General Pershing recognises the avoidell, but the lean it occurs the better need of maintaining this advantage, for will it be to the fafantry when the great in his reports he recommends that the Break comes in the enemy line. greatest care be taken in rife instruction at the cantonments since this is the most-The cavalry, have an easy job when not vainable weapon both in offense and deaghting Thesion of comfortable fense. Put a company of crack, German billets and no work is altogether, wrong- troops against an equal number of ouri. Perhaps yon may be perched on the top Lot them direct their fire, based on the of a hill, and there is no water for a mio general-results theory at our men You must water your horses at least abres while our boy
follow the American times a day, and you must do hard train. method of selecting da individual targeting all the time, and still get in your An average company of Sammies would hour and a half of stables very more shooters, thirty-five markamen, and looked after contain about ten experts, twenty sharp ing. Rain or snow, the horses must be large number of first-class riflemen. The
In the south the French also had thrown themselves loyally into the fight, but they also were carried forward on the torrent, and could not re-establish” the lite until Montdidier had been reached? Then at last came the drst movement. In the more northern portion hardly any It was a recoil by the Germans, when ground was lost which had not already they saw their flankd turned by the long been held by the Germans, and though." effort of the Allied armies upon the they took Arras it was an empty shell. Somme. There followed a series of from which, tren to this day they have battles which will always make 1917 illus. been unable to debouch. trious in our military history. In each case they were limited to the winning THE SCALE TURNS IN OUR FAVOUR. of local successes, but they all involved Then came their successive heaves, each the capture of ground, of prisonera, and of them less successful than the last as. of guns Arras upon April 9th Messi their strength was worn down and their nes upon May 7th, Esssetendael begin new tactics were understood and master- ning on July 31st, and Cambrai uponed. There was their Flanders advance achievements, while the French, save for upon a line the centre of which was held November 20th were all great British upon Aprif, oth, which was, delivered
one-reverse in April, had an uninter by the brave but utterly inexperienced rupted year of success. It is true that Portuguese troops, who were overwhelm- our last two victories were discounted, dd by a fre which would have tried any the ons by the rains of Flanders, and soldiers in the world. The British 65th the other by the German counter-stroke | Division held the village of Givenchy 1 of November 30th, but none the less it against all odds, as did the 1st Division was a year in which the "zesult was which succeeded them, but a large piece altogether in our favour
was bitten out of the line
THE SPRING OF 1918. 19
capture of Kemmel ending in the But Ypres still stood defant, and no- altered the balance of power, and a con- Again it was Dead Sea fruit, paid for But the defection of Bassin had fatally thing of any vitali consequence was lost. siderable period-must elapse before the by the best blood of Germany. And then strength of America could come in sa a came the three successive pushes against. compensation A million fresh troops the French front on the Aisne, terminat rolled from East to West and the Allies ing in their defent by Fach with the lady to brace, themselves, all along their loss of 400 guns, 30,000 prisoners, and line to meet the shock Knowing what much of the ground that they had won we now know of the strength and of the Week by week the Germans dwindle. new methods of the enemy is clear that Their reserve depots run dry Every whatever part of the long array was struck | month-- yet another - 250,000 splendid by this concentrated force was bound to American troops arrive apon the scene. be driven in by it Everything had been The scale already sinks in our favour Excep done that foresight and fortißestion In August it will do so more in Sept. could do, but the defence was too thin still more, and in October some great there is now and the attack top strong-/ There is no remit may be achieved. - Suraum, cordal nd there doubt that the British ling was over ex-All is well with the Allies Sunday
tended, but it had been necessary to draw Zimes.
result would not be hard to determine: British cavalry have the reputation of It is because of the deficiency of the Ger- being good average horsemen mans as riflemen that their General Statt tionally, fog, horse mas haa resorted so largely to the hand, perta an the care of horses grenade For the same reason the French finer cavalry in the, and British have done the same.
never will be--Daily Ba