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MUNITION MIRACLES.
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Trax Tax DAILY TELEOBAPI'S "SPECIAL
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sisting in a huge increased output, dilu- tion has been the means of supplying" 10,000 highly-skilled men to other parts
: of the country.
Since the day that firms responded to“ Mr. Lloyd George's appeal for shells the operations of engineering shops have re sponded, and now include the production of many other instruments of warfare" ft is instructive to observe the way in which engineering firms of small and medium size have adjusted their de partments for the production of war inaterials. For instance, a firm which
NOVEL WAR DEVICES. SOME REJECTED INVENTIONS. The Inventions Department of the Ministry of Munitions receive almost every day ideas of the most novel kind. The age of miracles is not past. In the All are carefully considered. Some are manufacture of munitions Lancashire is useful, but almost nine-tenths are wholly achieving what was deemed to be "impos- impracticable. In an article on the sub-sible. This, perhaps, is in accordance ject, published in the current number of with tradition. The world is familiar the Ministry of Munitions Journal, it is with the glorious deeds of the Lanen said that the following extraordinary shir Pals." but, so far. secrecy has suggestions for dealing with bostijn ir- craft have been received:-
shrouded the spirit that has converted The clouds are to be frozen artificially industries connected with textiles into and guns mounted on them: heavy guns munition works. Now it is possible to previous to the war were manufacturers are to be suspended from captive bal- loops; the moon is to be covered with a lift the veil, the Ministry of Munitions of pulp and paper-making machines and big black balloon; aeroplanes are to be having permitted representatives of the machinery for textile goods for many armed with scissors or scythes, like
parts of the world are now providing Boadicea's charict, or to trail bombs be-Allied and British Press to visit a num hind them on a long cord; heat rays are ber of factories within the north-west shells, shell-turning lathes, shipyard. machinery, genza for anti-aircraft guns, to be projected for the purpose of setting area Rules of censorship have still to be and machines for asking potato-dour Zeppelin on fre; electric waves to
and other materials. In the same locality paralyse the magnetos. One of the most observed, bus an impression may be con- popular suggestions of all is to attach a veved of the amazing transformation that may be found a firm which formerly confined its efforts to the manufacture of searchlight to an anti-aircraft gun, get has been effected in Lancashire and ad-high-class machines for the manufacture of the light on the object, and shoot along the beam; but, unfortunately, the path joining counties. A national emergency of a shell is quite different from that of has been an inspiration to employers as a ray of light. Most elaborate "decoy schemes are sometimes worked out for the well as to workpeople, and Lancashire in confusion of the enemy. comprising in demonstrating that the British manufacy in the output of munitions, indicating at least one case sham factories with tarer, aided by labour unfettered and chimneys and hooters complete. To prevent the polished lines of a railway well paid, is unsurpassed for nagina showing at night, the last carriage of the tion," ingenuity, and enterprise. The de last train, according to another corre monstration is associated with great spondent, was to camouflage them by
sacrifice; but how much greater would dribbling blacking as it went along.
have been the sacrifice if Mr. Lloyd George had been unable to stimulate latent forces in Lancashire by his appeal for shells!
Other proposals were:--
A balloon carrying angnets hung on strings to attract the rifles out of men's
bands.
A shell to contain fleas or other vermin
inoculated with disease.
A shell with a man inside it to steer it
to the target.
"
AN OFFENSIVE LAWN-MOWEL,
Included within the north-west area are the vast armament institutions of Vickers, Ltd., Sir W. G, Armstrong, Whitworth & Co. Ltd., and Cammell, Laird & Co, The squirting of cement over soldiers Ltd, whose resources, dye largely to
se as to petrify them.-
private enterprise in pre-war days, are The sending of snakes into enemy now of vital importance to the nation. trenches by pneumatic propulsion. But the miracle in the production of The throwing of live-wire cables entry munitions' is associated with the creation ing a high voltage among advancing of new sources of supplies. Manu bodies of infantry by means of rockets facturers and engineers in and around Germany should be attacked, in one case Manchester conceived ideas which certain
all the way, and experts considered visionary. But by making a tube in another by employing trained cormo. Lancashire iden is not easily extinguish rants to fly to Essen and pick outed. Mr. Lloyd George appealed for an the mortar from Krupp's chimneys. immediate output of shells. The manu facturers pleaded for freedom of action; in other words, to be allowed to tap One Correspondent sent quite a aunther their resources according to their own of original methods of repelling attacks, plans. They had to decide whether it including large calliper-shaped devices was wiser to establish national factories which could be closed on anyone intrud with special plant for the manufacture ing between the legs: a series of nets a shells, or to adapt the existing re- spread in front of our lines which could sources, which, while perhaps not being be drawn so as to enmesh the Germans, so efficient. would give immediate de- and a machine of the nature of a lawn-iveries. It was decided to commence at mower as large as a Tank to make miney once on existing machinery. The greatest local engineering industry is that of the ment of them.
textile machinists. In some quarters it appeared that the equipment of this branch was totally unsuitable for muni- tions production, but ingenuity and perseverance have resulted in the textile machinists becoming the largest shell producers in the area.
The purpose of, the article in the Journal is to warn of inventors of this Bort and frequently they are genfalls argued with.'
RESULTS OE, CO-OPERATION.
que gentleman had a powder, the com- position of which he declined to disclose, which on being mixed with water turned it into motor spirit. At least, no he said. Another proposed base was the grease
Left largely to themselves, manu- skimmed off soup. Various constituents which have been proposed of account of facturers have co-operated with splendid their cheapness would no doubt be more results. Rival firme have allowed.com- or less efficient, but the enthusiastic propetitors to study their methods, and the moters overlook the fact that if they co-ordination of effort and the free, ex- once came into use to any extent the change of ideas have introduced an entire advantages would disappear, as the price ly new spirit in manufacturing circles; would at once soar npwards.
TO ASCERE 'THE MOON.
for instance:
mocn
paper, now achieving great success in the production of the heavy type of machine tools, as well as large castings for the Admiralty. There is a remarkable vari
of.
a capacity on the part of a firm, as well as of their staff, never before dreamt For example, a company which at the beginning of the war were makers of large engines undertook the manufacture of spherical submarine mines. Later they produced shells of different types, and at the same time devoted attention to the important work of making a new type of recuperator, which is producing vast improvement in a certain type of field guns. The Ministry of Munitions came to the conclusion that they would be far better employed on the manufacture of recuperators than on shells, which they were then producing, and the arm that was formerly engaged on arge motive-power units is now performing a national, service in contributing to the improvement of guns, and at the same time turning out large quantities of other munitions of war. Many examples of this character could be quoted.
The war is revealing the real engineering and manufacturing capacity of the country.
EXPANSION OF VICKERS, LIMITED." A reference to field guns suggests as once the great armament firm of Vickers. Limited. The branch of their works at Barrow, in the north-west area, is an industrial wonder, and a national asset the value of which can only be appre ciated by a close inspection. On arrival the interesting piece of information was imparted that the route to be traversed would be almost ten miles long.
Vickers, Limited, are counted among the most versatile engineering, frms of the world. They can produce a bartle- hip complete, and in the days of peace their efforts were far from being con- Sned to armaments. It is impossible to describe in detail all that is occurring st Barrow, but with employés, men and women, concentrating their efforts in meeting the requirements of war time, it can be imagined that the American visitor who ventured the opinion that, there was something doing was quite correct. One of the most stimulating de partments is that devoted to shipbuild- ing. War-time activity prevails, and the noise of hammering and the quick, stac- cato sounds of the pneumatic riveter are as acceptable to the ear as music. Every- body is busy. The firm is equipped for the production of battleships, cruisers, cargo vessels, passenger liners, subma rines, flouting docks, and other craft. Large totals show, their activity in shell production, and in interesting example utilised is afforded by young women con- of the way in which female labour" is trolling moving cranes which move maximum weights in the minimum of
The pioneer work other interesting scene.
of Vickers, Limited, in the construction
RATION "DUMPS." FORAGING UNDER NOVEL.
CONDITIONS,
An element of conservatism and trade jealousies have disappeared, and in the phrase of an American. Lancashire is In this process of argument some inter.delivering the goods." National shell or esting scientific information is given, as, projectile factories have been organised and equipped within the are The Suggestions are also frequently re-lathes and machinery with which these ceived in connection with coloured search factories have been equipped have been lights But colour cannot be imparted largely obtained free of charge from re- toa bean, as by passing it through a pair shops of cotton mills and weaving colour screen, without reducing its in-sheds, and in the majority of cases the time. The submarine dock provides an- trinic brilliancy. Colour is, in fact, ob. premises in which the factories are estab- tained by a process of subtraction from lished have been lent free of rent by the total light At great distances all Corporation departments. It is possible the brilliancy possible is required for to ace shells produced in the same haild of submarines is well known. Whether it effretiveness, so that coloured beams are ing that provides accommodation for be the submarine shop, the smithy, the of no value for general purposes. Flame tramway cars, and lathes sixty and shell shops, or marine engine shops, the story is the same-war pressure is supply. arc lamps for searchlights give coloured seventy years old are being used in an light, generally slightly yellow, but this old mill for shell production with excel ing the keynote for activity, and after source of light is too large for the efficient lent resulta. Lancashire has harnessed vsiting the airship shed a feeling of Institution like that of Vickers, Limited. optical projection of a parallel beam, itself for way in a manner that produces gratitude arises for the existence of an and a parallel beam, or one nearly ap amazemeat and admiration. The success proaching parallelism, is essential in that has been achieved is attributed to a There are other great munition resources order to reach the great distances in policy of decentralisation. Control from in the north-west area, but sufficient has volved. The most remarkable proposi-Whitehall is not always popular. Prac- been written for one article to indicate tion of all in connection with searchlights tice in the North is sometimes misunder-the way in which Lancashire has har- is perhaps that of a "black beam," what stood in the South. Fortunately, the messed itself to the chariot of war. ever that may menn, for obscuring the Ministry of Munitions is represented by a department in Manchester that has Another favourite subject with invenaught to understand local methods and tors is the "relay sbella shell acting to bridge the gulf that might have as a small gun discharged in mid-air and separated Whitehall from the Lancashire expelling a smaller inner shell, the object area and surrounding districts, and the being to obtain an increased range, which assistance rendered by this local office in
Everything is rations in the Army. has been supposed by some to be the prin. readily acknowledged by manufacurers. and ciple of the long-range gun with which Consequently, the value of decentrali
ration socks I have even known a par the Germans have bombarded Paria. Assation is an oft-repeated theme in discus There are ration boots, ration fuel, and
sions of industrial, policy. .
ticularly cheeky subaltern plead with the to that the article says:
ration revolver. # An American visitor, after inspecting quartermaster for The objections to this idea are twofold, First, it appears from elementary. dynamical considerations that the energy workshops in the north-west area, con- Needless to say, there was nothing doing. The ordinary eatable variety of ratione of the relay propellant charge would be fessed that the hustle which he had re-
are issued to units by the A.8.0. Com shared between the outer and inner shell garded as the monopoly of the United in the inverse ratio of their masses, so States must be a product of Lancashire pany quartermaster-sergeants, commonly known as quarterblokes," make out an indent for their requirements and send that unless the inner shell were unduly The confession was not surprising. But pellant charge would be wasted. Second, facturers have displayed, and the speed small, a very large proportion of the pro. apart from the enterprise that the manu ly, a shell in flight does not point with which war work is being executed. directly along its trajectory, but makes an it is impossible not to be impressed by uncertain angle with it, especially near the inventive power which is finding the highest point, where, the inner shell expression in new processes and enabling would be discharged, so that accuracy of the unskilled worker, with the aid of new aim would be impossible. Generally machines, to achieve results that were Another feature of speaking, it may be said that any scheme formerly only within the scope of the which seriously reduces the bursting skilled mechanic. charge of a shell must offer some very re-war work that strikes an observer is the markable advantages before it can be high finish given to every article. Teste are severe and examination is strict, and cpasidered promising.
Many of the inventors are absolutely the results reflect the highest credit upon impervious to argument or explanation, men and women alike. As in other parts and are always dissatisfied with the treat of the country, women and girls aro ment they receive. In this respect they playing a great part in munition work.. not only the contrast unfavourably with foreigner Dilution bas meant who submitted, an engine which would not introduction of female labour, but new work, and who wound up the correspond. methods of manufacture, the up-grading ence with thanks and the admission that of semi-skilled and unskilled male labour, he was completely cured" of his idea and in the north-west area," besides as-
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There are various ways of drawing your supplies once the wagons have torn..., ed np. One method which I found very succesful-for a time was to pick the likelient looking wagon, unload it, and disappear with my men like lightning. However, the brigadier ultimately object. ed; somebody took some choice hams specially ordered for him.'
"Who the
My most successful foraging party was the evening I took forty men to dras rations for 350. No officer in sight, so them on to the divisional supply officer.
You never get your rations sent to you- I began to unload a well-filled wagon unless you know a particularly obliging which contained sides of bacon. I don't youth who is new to his duties, Out in know to this day to whom they belonged.
up rode the supply officer. France rations are "dumped." Batta. Just before the operation was completed lions send a couple of G.S. wagons to unfortunate regiment which arrives late. rations" he bawled. My party was just Aren't they draw their supplies, and woe betide the blank blank blank told you to touch those
When a unit is on the march the task moving off, laden full.
I innocently asked. I could of supplying it with food becomes a little. ours, sir?” more complicated.Commanding officers see my men disappearing into the dark. are notified of a supply point at which ness.
Just then a staff officer galloped up.
τα
stral the A.8.C: wagons will meet those of the
Where the dence are the rations for the different units. Sometimes the A.B.C. is looking for somebody late; topography is not a strong point of the average driver in the Service Corps Umptecath Bussex 7" he shouted to the However, you usually get your rations, flustered supply officer. Apparently the latter did not know, for he went down the road with the braan hat, and I dis night.....
creetly disappeared the other way,--Ez. even if they arrive at twelve o'clock at
(Continued at foot of nest Column.)
"