GERMAN GENERALS LEADERS IN THE WEST.
The following brief sketches of the military careers of some of the German "generals on the West are taken from German newspapers *---
General of Artillery von Gallwitz, the Commander of the new army group on
GERMAN TORTURE OF
PRISONERS.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS. FRIDAY, JULY 5TH. 1918.
A SOLDIER'S NARRATIVE.
captured in 1914 gires some examples of The following statement by a soldier the cruelty to the British prisoners in German camps and mines and behind the firing line.
Germans coming along the trench in
THE POTSDAM CRUMMLES. MAJOR-GENERAL F. H. SYKES.
U.M.G. OUR NEW AIR CHIEF. The wheel of fortune bas come full
[BY AN ENGLISHMAN: The Kaiser is növer so happy as when He likes to think that the eyes of the world are upon he poses for his picture.
him, as he stands with folded arms and beetled brows in the attitude of Napulcon He is what the French call cohotin, or a strolling player, a kind of Imperial flying arm was born.
circle in conacction with the changes in the Royal Air Force Command in a most dramatic manner.
In the beginning, in 1911 and 1912, tho It did not look,
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1918.
lla west front, is in his 66th year. Ho which I was taken prisoner shot our Crummies, who thinks that his weanest in medical language, like a very viable FOR CHINA, JAPAN,
served in the Franco-German War, 1976 71, in the 9th Artillery Brigade, In he was promoted general of artil
wounded. They took deliberate aim and fired on anybody lying down.
As the men got into the train for
Germans hauled back any who had over- coats and took them from them. It was freezing hard, and we had to make the journey with only our shirts, trousers, and boots.
child.
One man who had been among the firm officers to receive his pilot's cer tificate stood by its cradle and fought for
odds. The personnel of the force was a mere handful, money could only be ob tained for it in driblets, many of the great and eminent military authorities
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, nt the same time being appointed Schneidemühl Camp (in Posen) the fought, We may be sure that, as he stood its rights and existence against heavy inspector of field artillery, a post he had held at the outbreak of war. He was first given the command of an army and then of an army group, which he led against the Narev line from Mława in the summer of 1915, breaking through the Russian positions and driving them over. At Schneidemühl, where there was an the Vistala and Bug- In 1915-16 he was epidemic of typhus, the British prisoners in command of an army operating were sent in batches of about 60 down to against the Serbians, and later corn-
a receiving room, where they lay about manded an army in the west, which dis on the floor among the Russians liko stinguished itself on the Sommie For his rotten sheep. Men died there while wait. services during war he has been given ing for the doctor. One man was lying a patent of nobility, and has been de-down when a Russian fell over him dead. cerated with the Order Pour la Merite About 20 or 30 British prisoners died of says an adoring journaust, when he fed the aerodromes of Montrose and complate in each case as it can be made, but and value of all packages are required.
with oak leaves and the Order of the Black Eagle.
General Dito von Below, who is in his 61st year, began his military servico in the 80th Fusilier Regiment. When the
typhus and 7,000 Russians were counted as having died of it.
We, were taken to ono barracks and stripped and had our hair, shaved off,
many.
THE DIRECTORY covers the whole of the ports and cities of the Far East, from Netherlands India to Biberia, in which Europeans reside.
olly disbelieved in it. But this man had the foresight to see what it might become and courage to back his foresight. He was His name was Major Sykes. fargely responsible for drawing up the basis of the scheme of organisation of the Air Force as it exists today. He found Netheravon; as Officer Commanding the Military Wing, R.F.C., he established the sach Colony, Fort or Settlement is profaced aviation camp at the manoeuvres on Salis DECORIPTION, carefully revised each Pinin at the summer of 1914. Whenes son raw Tornisz, giving every detail year, most of which will sorve as accurate bury Pinin 1 cured and the first Byington with the places, their History,
under Lieutenant-General Sir David
Not only is the Directory as full and
The Information in these Descriptions, packed with facts concisely set out, and Country and Port, would alone suffice to E
If men got, ap through being delirious of his hypocrisy. The way is the Kaiser's squadrons flew to Amiens, fought with the consisting of a hundred interesting articles, feated the Sixth Corps of the Russian wishing to go to the latrines or attempt-military glory ever since he came to the and back from the Marne to the Aisne contalaing statistica of the Thams of each Narev Army at Rothfliess, recaptureding to leave the hut, they were knocked Allenstein, and envelopel the right flank back by the orderlies with knotted towels. of the Narev Army, at Hohenstein, At When I went out I had to put on the clothes of a Russian who was being ad- the Battle of the Masurian Lakes he took mitted to the hospital suffering from
typhus
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gesture should attract universal notice.
And he has been visiting the field where his battle, the Kaiser's battle, is being
at Quéant, surveying the havoc which he has wrought, he was surrounded by a mob of obsequious photographers. We may be sure, also, that a masterpiece of Teutonic art" will celebrate his royal presence, and will presently, as an oleo graph, adorn the obedient homes of Ger- But what he said upon the august perasion, interests us more deeply His thau the figure which he eat. Majesty's stence was only once broken, said to an officer by his side Whis dad I not try to keep the world free from these atrocities?
That the Kaiser; after four years of a war broke out he was in command of and then were given a blanket each and war, which he wiled and for which he force went to France he was first Office Topography, etc., etc.
worked assiduously, should use such the 2nd Division at Insterburg. At the arched, otherwise naked, through water language as this is but another example Henderson, K. C.B. The handful of winter Masurian battle he commanded about a foot deep to another barracks.
and none other's. He has dreamed of Army throughout the retreat from Mons. the First Reserve Army Corps, and de
Those were the days in which generals throne. He has turned a deaf ear to the warning of Bismarck that if he provoked first scoffed at reports brought back by Europe to fight him he would ensure the aerial reconnaissance, and then went to Why the other extreme and caused pilots great downfall of the German Empire. he did not try to keep the world fred from beiner to their slightest even to Gerdauen, drove the Russians at Inster-
these atrocities himself knows well much weight word. burg to the Niemen, resisted much sape-
What we all know is that he enough. rior Russian forces at Wirballen, and in Novembar defeated the Third Russiani The general treatment of prisoners at will stand arraigned before the bar of history as the man who has inflicted upon Corps at Goritten, and drove them back Schneidemühl Camp for the first sixuthers more misery and suffering than ze the Rominter Heide. His crossing mouths that I was there was terrible, ever was inficted before by mortal hand." of the Pissek, his advance against the The Germans were constantly shooting Lomcha-Ossowiecz, and his successful somebody or putting the bayonet into stand against the new 32th Russian army then. added to his military reputation. In I was present at a dogging in one of May, 1915, he was given command of the the dug outs. A barrel was brought in Niemen any, which included all the by command of the captain, and the man trooss in Cousland. With it he moved was laid over it with his shirt off. Four northwards, capturing Libņu, Windau, or five Germans got hold of their sticks and Mitau, threatening the southern and the officers told the men to thrash curse of the Dvina, and was within sight hini. They bit him over the bead and of Riga when the intervention of Italy over the hack and knocked him uncon- stapped his operations. He next appear-scious. I should think that they gave in the Balkans, when he was appointest him do or do strokes each. He was then Chief of the wik Juger Battalion, having | taken up and tied to the wines for two alpendy received the. Order Pour le hours. All the Englishmen were formed Merite Afterwards he was given a postup under a strong guard and a hattery The war is the Kaiser's and the guilt in Artois, where he had British troops of guns was turned on us to witness it. in front of him
General Creorg von der Marwitz entered the Stand Garde-Ulan Regiment forty four years ago. At the beginning of the war by commanded an artillery corps in Prisoners from the reprisul gangs re- Belgium and France, In the winter
turned to camp in a very bad state. battle in Masuria he commanded this One had been injured when working downed that he would no longer ith Reserve Corps. At Easter, 1915, he
a coal mine. He was descending a ladder Was in command of the Beskid Corps about 2 yards long into the mine when perating against the Russians in the German civilian working thers came valley of the Laboreza, and biréke through down after him. The prisoner was a the Carpathian positions and drove the man and could only go down one thin back beyond Lemberg. He next rung at a time. He said the German served in the Macedonian campaign. He followed him down after he had gone was one of the first German generals three or four rungs and purposely trod receive the Order. Pour le rite in this on his head and hands with the result. that he fall to the bottom of the "bft unconscious and he almost broke his back. He is suffering from curvature of the spine in consequence of the fall, but is still working in the lager at Fried richsfeld,
WAX.
a.
General Hugo ve Kathen, born in 15 began his military service in the Kaiser Franz Regiment, When war broke out he was Governor of Mainz He commanded Silesian troops on the Somme, distinguished himself later at ào capture of Rigs, and commanded to force went to occupy: Dosel.
Genreal von Gontard, born in 1801, entered the Konigin Augusta. Regiment, and was for many years rutor to the Tuperial Priness.
Since 1904 he hus been aide-de-camp to the Kaiser, and later gmeral a la suit..
After a prisoner had been shot in the cump his body was put in a coffin without a lid and was taken round the camp for exhibition:
Reprisal prisoners complained that no parecia reached theri Until recently the parcels the other prisoners were opened and the contents put into one basin, Tooth powder, dubbin, cotton, touth tablets, pepper, and cigarettes were removed from the parcels and confiscated. English newspapers were not allowed.
A BRIGAND IN TEARS.
At the beginning he was proud of his enormity. The thought of a ex weeks! war and a brilliant victory, with all his rivals prostrate at his feet, flattered his for early four years, and victory be Vanity." His armies have been fighting yond his reach for ever. So he sheds the tear of sensibility, affects to shudder at his own atrocities, and thus falls below the standard of hardened, ruthless brigandage which he has set up for him- Moreover, he gives us a chance of fixing upon him the responsibility of the grentest of recorded crimes.
thereof He decreed it in an access of solitary obstinacy. Being both anbitious and of a weak character, he resolved upon war and chose himself the ume and the place of hostilities. Filled with a fear of the Pan-Germant, who did not hesitate to charge him with poltroonory, be hoasts "escillato When he let Herr Krupp von Bohlen the secret of his resolution that astute manufacturer thought he was mad, and Herr Krupp's colleague, Herr Mühbor, resigned his directorate. They, at any rate, wero in no doubt as to the Kaiser's responsibility, and Herr von Jagow un willingly corroborates them. It is idle, therefore, for the Kaiser to ask now why he did nothing to prevent atrocity. Had e been successful in his raid upon the liberties of Europe the question would never ave been pul, and it is clear that his remorse comes not from contrition hat from a sense of failure.
which have isation.
A few very few-of those “Old Con- temple. pilots bold commands in the Air Force to-day, but no words can ex aggerate the services rendered in the first weeks of military aviation by those who survive and the brave who have passed over. Prominent among them is the man who had done
more than any other man in the almost epic struggle to create an After these experiences in air force. sent by Lord Kitchener to the Dardanelles France, Lieutenant-Colonel Sykes was to report upon the possibility of air work there and when his report was approved he took cut an Air Force and commanded it until the evacuation of Gallipoli, for which services he received the C.M.G Then he held for a time an important Staffpost at the War Office, until the Supreme War Council was established at Versailles, when he was made a member, and remained so till a few weeks ago.
Now as Major-General, he heconies Chief of the Air Staff, the most important post the Air Force. The inan who watched by the cradle of military avia- to w stands at the right hand of the great Royal Air Force of today, whose praise for its deeds at the front is on all non lips and which is destined, by eficiens strategy at the entre, to play a part in the war which few people have
yet dreamed of.
He
Berides the usual Alphabetical List of Firms the Directory gives the CLASSIFIED LISTS of TRADES and PROFESSIONS at the larger Commercial Centres.
}
The
RESIDENTS
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They have not yet arrived from England, but can be obtained on application at the end of the month, fet
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L'entrim.
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The dramatic propriety of the new ap pointumut × jupressive, and it will be Feceived with joy by all the younger minds in the Air Service, Major-Gen- oral Sykes keen judgment and faith in the future of the Air Force as a fighting arm were seen as far back as February, al, when he lectured before the Aerimautical Society and forecasted the Work of aircraft in the war with remark able
was then fully aware curacy. He Thus the Kaiser is convicted out of the of the rate of aeroplanes for observation mouths of his own subjects.
It is published as the Office of the And not work, and declared that the possibility of
**HONGKONG DAILY: PAD," only did be enforce the war upon a peace being hit by shrapnel was no exense for
failures
The Direšterica and Deseriptions are of ;- ful world, laut he gave it the form and He assumed that aeroplanes would by shape of horror which it has assumed.
CHINA, The Germans, under the Kaiser's inspirave days out of six: Insisted upon the
Bogabow tion, have fought throughout with a total cheful raining of officers, and predicted Peking
Canton contempt for the laws of chivalry. They the bombing of billets at night
Chinking. Whampoa. have stamped under foot all the restraints pleaded for standardisation of machines, alon
Nanking. Kowloon. bean imposed upon ani zivil asked for two-seater armed and armoured chivangias. Wahu. Leppa
fighting machines, and dreamed not only Tieneral Oscar von Hutier held various
of fast scouting machines travelling at
Kowking. Samshui, Staff appointments before the war,
Nor is the reason of the Kaiser's deli
Honkow berate choice of brutal methods far lo 120 miles an hour, but also of fighters
Kongmoon. among them Chief of Staff of the Third
seek. The Prussians are still a raw and
"pilot, assistant, gunner, and
Fosbow, Nanning. Army. He distinguished himself on the
Trade O'tres. Ebanet. transport machines carry-
Wuchowfu. barbarous race. They came. Iste into the Somine and before Ypres, but is best
twelve men They escaped, un-with the latter he imagined a force of Dairen.
Ichang of nations.
and their equipment. Newchwang.
Kwangchaɑwain, known as the leader of the Eighth Army,
happily for themselves, the domination
Chungking. Pakhol. which captured Riga. He is the grand-
Pori Arthur, Hangabow, Helbow. Mr. G. H. Roberts, M.P., Minister of of tome. They have never been effectively 20,000 men, carried a double march gon, of a French officer, his father settled Labour, was recently admitted to the converted to: Christianity. Their God is thead with no-weariness of the flesh but Chafen,
Ningpo. Lungchow. in Germany and entered the Prussian wie eity of Norwiel. In bis still the God of a savage tribe, and, like rather physically and mentally braced up Weihaiwel, Wauchow. Mengtse. Arms, in which he rose to be colonel of reply, he referred to the presence in Eng- all savages, they base their belief in their
a pleasant journey.” He also com | Csininfo. Baniu. the 9th Pioneer Battalion, and was land of representatives of the American God upon a hatred of their neighbours.mented upon the slowness of the country Makden. Fighted. During the war General von Confederation of Labour. These men, be Their persistent piety is no better than taking up a new thing, and declared shanghai,
that with the backing of public opinion Barbin. Instead of Hutier has been promoted to the rank said, had come to England with definite a blasphemous self-interest.
we can and will take the foremost place awalow. of general of infantry and he received instructions to resist every manoeuvre to worshipping their God, they would make in the air as now on sen th Order Pour le Merite in 1916. He is bring them into contact with are to The German soul is God's soul, says him the ueconfplice of their crimes. a cousin of General Ludendorff.
ciizens. He had opposed endeavours General von Conta, who had retired arrange conferences with German Social one of the Kaiser's favourite pastor before the war, was recalled and given a ists. He could not differentiate between it shall and will rule over mankind.” command. He led the Carpathian one class or party in Germany and an- Corps in the fighting in West Galicia. other. He knew the German Social De- Freilicer Walter von Lüttwits began wocrats there changed according to the bis military career in the 38th Fusilier course of the war. When things seemed Regiment and afterwards held various to be going well for Germany they talked Staff appointments."
of indemnities. When things were le
THE GERMAN LURE,
LABOUR MINISTER'S WARNING.
Sykes belongs to the intellectual type of It will be seen that Major General officers to whom high command is proper ly passing, and all who know him will feel confident that his achievements will be worthy of his great opportunity
METHODS OF SAVAGERY,
wars with naily Vail. When one envage, trik other it is never content to obtain a vic tory in the field. It is resolute, by the foulest means to incapacitate its adver
Langekingekus,
Tokyo,
Hokow
Foosbaw. Esemao. Amay Kirin. Langkow.
Tengyueh Changchun. Honchou.
Jayan 'amm: MORMORE.
Osaka, Keelung. forshamA,
Tainania. yoga, Nagasaki, Tekow, Lobe
Hakodate. Anping. Shintamanok!," Taizen),
Zattern Bzzzkia,
Visdirgsboek,
entered the Ard Garde Grenadier Regi-
and their conscience expanded. And this savage policy has been the less destroyer, will have her goods ready they began to talk of peace. He had mainspring of German action from the to send deross the frontier. ment in 1879 He took part in the said to his friends from America. first. The Kaiser has inspired his sol- Roumanian campaign, storming the Tartand firm; do not be lured into any diers with the madness of detruction. It the Kaiser's could not be surpassed. And Chemulpo,
In savage cynicism this achievement of Seoul, is not enough for him to slay his enemics; because if any German Social
and Schmidt in January of last year.
General Arthur von Lindequist enter ed the army in 1875, and when the war began was in command of the 40th Tufantry Brigade in Brunswick..
General Kühne played a prominent part in the Roumanian campaign, where he led a force across the Szurduk and Vulcan Passes, won the Battle of Targa Jin, and crossed the Alt. Later he took part in the operations which led to the capture of Bukharest and the Fundeni Namlonen positions.
design, may be countered. All frontiers west be closed sternly against his goods.
No raw materials of any kind must cross
Nicola fork.
CROLES, Worsan, Mokpo.
Chianampe. Fingring Bongakis... Hongrong kud 118 Dreznancira, Mieso,
Hanol, Haiphong.
Hub.
bis frontiers. And France and Belgi shall rebuild peacefully what the henchmen have destroyed; they shall re- Tanids Frerkoms. Quirker. store the industries which the barbarians.
taru-Roumnicul lines: along with Kubne conference where Germany is repremo he must remove, if he ean, all competithere is only one way in which his wicked Kuzsan
rats are allowed to attend a conference tors from his path. It is torture for him you may be sure they are simply there as to think that a neighbouring tribe should the representatives of the Kaiser, and I ever be strong and happy again. So he would sooner go and meet the deyil, in makes war implacably upon churches and hell than meet them." Victory must rest factories, and then wonders why he did with Great Britain and her Allies, as not keep the world free from these atroci. assuredly as that tides would continue to ties.
have undone; and they shall do this with- ebb and flow.
Remember for a
a moment
what wrongs the Kaiser has ordered to be inflicted out any fear of German competition, with upon Belgium. As Mr. Balfour pointed a certainty that their enemies will tot Manila.
profit
by their organised out the other day, the invasion of a neui- Generalleutnant Richard von Weberntral country, and it is double: He stands condemned entered, the army in 1876, joined the
guilt, then, of the Kaiser is which Germany was bound cruale a penny-pie treaty to General Staff in 1890, and for six years: Germany's crimes against the Belgings not only as the wanton, begetter of the
General Grünert for a long time lector. ed in the Kriegsakademio with the rank of major, after a period of service on the
lectured in the War School at Metz.
Staff. Before the war he was in com- 75th Infantry Brigade in Bremen, and all the black arts of a savage eighbour great war, but as an Emperor who has
mand of the 18th Cavalry Brigade in Munsteral of Infantry von Stasy enter. General of Infantry von Staaby enter ed the und Infantry Regiment in 1876, and afterwards held various Staff ap
Labuan
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a slow, deliberate ingenuity as From 1908 to 1911 ho commanded the Kaiser has practised upon his
He adopted the morals and manners of a later the 39th Brigade in Hanover.
has set himself coldly and slowly to rein savage chieftain. And if he have left s General von Hofacker, who forced the the trade and manufactures of Belgium. crossing of the Bomme and stormed It was his intention, in the heyday of his age on the battlefield a resolute Negri Sembilan, Johore, Mala
Etengradu. Ferlis. and no wonder in public why be gopite, Fasang, Malloon, Frov. Wellesley Maisonette Binches, and Barleur, began triumph, to strip Belgium of all the raw
has committed foul
crime against
le Merite in December 1916, for services the rank of colonel, he became Chief of barbarian, we shall rid ourselves of have I not done to preserve the world from the General Staff in 1819, and 1908, with which are necessary to the health and
wealth of the country. Thus, thought the words lightly different form: What varians reading gives to the Kaiser a in the Roumanian campaign, and was promoted to be general of infantry last in Conne in sugar commercial rival. When peace is signed these horrors?
If that is what he said Batavia, US served with distinction in the Balkans, Belgium will be helpless, whether she the answer is Nothing" and the argument Buitens December.
and was promoted to his present rank in
in unaffected.] (Continued at foot of next Column.) November, 1816,
Continued at foot of next Column.)
pointments He received the Order Pour his military service in 1878. He joined material, the plant, and the machinery humanity Daily Mail. A FRET B.
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