PRUSSIAN BOOT OR BRITISH
RAJ?
WHY THE HUN FAILS AS AN
EMPIRE-MAKER.
"I WAGE WAR"
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESE, WEDNESDAY, MAY 8TH, 1918.
M. CLEMENCEAU'S POLICY In the Chamber of Deputies, recently, in reply to interpellations regarding the question of responsibility for the charges made in connection with the Bolo trial, M. Clemenceau, whom the deputies making the interpellations had accused of allowing certain Press campaigns to be carried on, reminded the House that from the bist day of his assuming office he had promised to do away with the censorship, and that the Chamber of Deputies had expressed assent.
While the pause on the Western Front continues we still have leisure to watch the East, and to fix our minds on our duty to the British Raj outside Europe, A great fact can dull the mind to its feality by its obvious truth in a so often, and know so well in a yague kind of way, that we are a great Asiatic Power, that the words become a vain repetitien, The vid truth lashes I am the head of the Government of into new significance, however, now that
the Republic, M. Clemenceau continued, an armed intruder is making & grab and I shall defend the Republican towards Egypt and India. One under-
doctrines. The first doctrine is liberty; stands now the feelings of the last genera- the second is war, and also that we must tion when the tramp of the Russians was heard far off moving towards: the Bossacrifice everything for the war in order assure the triumph of France British to phorus or Meru or Penjder, interests in the East are immutable; it is (Cheers.) I understand that treason affairs should be discussed here, because treason affairs are still war. We are only the enemy that changes."
making war by safeguarding liberty and the Republic. It is in this manner that we intend to continue, to make war My thought at every moment ought to be centred on the war. Help me, because have no other we have the same object. desire than to bring my country out of the position in which it is situated. In proportion as the war continues you see the development of the moral crisis which comes at the conclusion of all wars Acts of brutality and violence constitute the moral crisis at which one side or the other arrives in the end, and the side which can hold out the longer wins
Egypt in the bridgehead between two continents, and on the road to Capetown as well as to Bombay, As, the land rail ways span the deserts and break through the forests the world becomes smaller, till what Mr. Rhodes foresaw in a kind of vision must shortly be true in fact and we take a no change ticket from Capetown to Caleutia:
The maintenance of such an all-British route is no British interest atone, for would the coloured races have no concern with a revolation which put Prussia in the shoes of Great Britain That native thought so tho said the other day that
af Germany got back Lust As the "A great nation of the East which would return to a desert, for the populahore the test of centuries of warlare dis- tion would have fled across the border covered this formula: The nation from Prussia vengeance to British pre-which conquers is that which can believe tection.tussin venge
in victory a quarter of an hour longer than the other. (Cheers.) This is my MAKING A SOLITUDE
motto 1 entered the Government with this thought; the moral of the nation must, he kept up. All my policy aims at the one object of keeping up French oral through a crisis such as our conn
Indeed, German South-West Africa was raipdly verging on this state before the war There by the extermination of the Hereros Germany was making a solitude and calling it peace. Her reputation in
THE DISPUTED BALTIC STATES.
THE LATE MB REDMOND. IMPRESSIVE FUNERAL SCENES
These sisters
·andi
driven
A DRAMATIC HISTORY.
Imprcasive scenes marked the funcra) of the late Mr. John Redmond at St. Courland and Livonia and Esthonia John's Cemetery, Wexford (writes the are less known than Poland, they are Daily Telegraph's Dublin Correspondent) in fact, little known in Russia itself, representatives of all parties and in which they always formed a country creeds uniting to do honour to he apart, in spite of their proximity to the memory of a great Irishman. The capital. This is due partly to the fact arrival of the boat at Kingstown was that, the connection of the with than had been expected, and, vinees with Russia is comparatively of with the exception of immediate friends, recent date, but chiefly to the peculiar there were comparatively few people pre- and strange conditions under which they sent. As the train passed on its way have lived hitherto. The three provinces from Kingstown to Wexford, the iulia once formed one State, Livonia, which bitants of intermediate towns had been founded by the Germans, but villages near the railway line paid im which in 1501 was broken up, part (now pressive tribute to the memory of Mr. belonging to the Russian province of Redmond. In fields along the line of Vitebsk) being annexed to Poland, part route the peasants men and women Livonia and Esthonia) being appropri slike could be seen in prayer or stand. A moving sight was witnessed at the ated by Sweden, and part (Courland)ing with bowed and uncovered heads. being constituted as a duchy under the Convent of the Benedictine Nuns of near Maemine suzerainty of Poland. The original po Ypres, which is situated
the war gulation was and still is composed of Junction Letts and Esthenians, chées of Fiune from Belgium shortly after the Lithuanian origin, but the rulers were broke out. They took refuge first in Lon always aliens, beginning with the Huns den, bat through. Mr. Redmond's efforts and ending with the Russians, they found a home at Macmine, in county Wexford. Among them is a nieco of his It was the Germans, howover, -- who ruled the Baltic countries the longest. As the train moved past their dwel and impressed themselves upon their cul-ng-place these nuns were seen kneeling ture most permanently of all. They prayer in the field beside the railway came there in the thirteenth century, Erst line an colonists and then in the garb of Brothers of the Sword, a religious order created ad hoc after the manner of the Teutonic Knights, as conquerors. followed by German merchants and arti 2008. Al the chief cities-Riga, Reval. Dorpat-were founded by them, and Christianity was introduced by the usual methods of the time. In 1927 the order was absorbed by the Teutonic Knights, under whom the country made further progress. But two hundred years later the Knights, defeated by the poles at Tannenberg, gradually lost their bold over the country, which began to yield
At Wexford the remains were met by a great gathering representing every phase. of public life in Ireland, and the town of Wexford was a town of mourning Public
drawn in every houSE wore denn vero raped, and the blinda was covered with a fing said to be thitt which draped the coffin of Parnell In the funeral procession was the band of the Royal Irish Rifles, playing funeral music, members of the British and Ameri can navies, and a body of police. Some Bity clergymen walked before the bearse, and about it was & guard of Irish National Volunteers in lo
wearing crêpe and carrying floral procession also walked a hundred Wexford Catholic churches tolled as the procession
the Rev. Thomas Hoare (administrator), passed. At the Church of the Immaculate Conception the remains were received by
sided at the requiem office and High Mans. The procession afterwards moved to the burial place, and after prayer the remains were deposited in the Redmond family vault.
the East is founded on her performancestry has never known, Fathers have given to the pressure of Poland, and soon after ladies The bells of the Protestant and
adme Hun proudly fixed by the Kaiser to his army; hence, too, the inveterate dislike she mspired in our Indian arms, which, accustomed by its British officers
of the order Ketteler, laid down his office, ancient Livonia broke up, and Courland remained an autonomous State
to bo treated like gentlemen, was startled study, that if one of our men who are held in fef from the Crown of Poland and Dr. Codd, the Bishop of Ferns, pre
at mecting Germans. As to the Pacific islands, inquire into the trouble now going on in what was German New Guinea, and ask any Australian what he thinks of the German bandling of natives Germany has held just enough of a colonial empire just long enough to dam her reputation, and has fallen from the height of her mediocre dominion unhon oured and unsung Trade she can filch, but she can neither create nor govern, Her authority is not that of courage, justice, and example, but that of the boot and the bayonet. Sympathy with and understanding of ber subjects she has none these qualities, to her mind, belong
of the javaded districts have borne tor tures without equal in history. The avia tor Lieutenant Garros told me yesterday, in a visit which he made to me in my prisoners in Germany had not received is parcels from France he would be bound to die of starvation. That is the situation of those we love to whom all our thought goes out, and to whom wo stretch forth our arms. It is worse than Daything, and you come and speak to me ci questions relating to persons; I do not know them, and I will not know
theni
"We are not in power to assure the triumph of a party. Our ambitions are higher. They aim at safeguarding the hercie moral integrity of the French This moral has been admirable people
Everyone of us has the in the past right to say to-day, 1 aan the son of an
THE BALTIC FARONE
Courland flourished, for a time, going so far as to found colonies in the West Indies (Tobago) and on the West African coast. But situated as it was between powerful nightbours with no protection from Prassis, which only then began to rise, it succumbed to the fate of all weak States. It became the apple of discord between the Swedes, Poles, and Russians the latter (under Peter the Great) wrest ing Livonia and Esthonia from Sweden, and finally obtaining Courland by the treaty of Partition of Poland in 1795, The duchy, who through her ruler, Anna, at the same time Empress of almighty dictator of Russia under Anba, and been drawn gradually into Russia orbit, surrendered gracefully to her now mistress, receiving in return the preser vation of all her ancient liberties and privileges
16. DILLON'S TRIBUTE._________
to the obsolete category of chivalry of ad splendid history; 1 am the son Russia, and the notorious Bidon, the people of Ireland, even those who now
playing the game.
her Under ter rule industries neither spring up nor prosper, and her solitary success has been the training of the Askaris for war on her white neighboura. The truth is that she is too dominated by the idea of exploitation to leave any thing to exploit. She skins, a territory till it fails to produce-Russin to day India if she could to-morrow. It is the policy not of the tux gatherer, but of the highwayman
of nation which has thought, wrote and acted, and our grandsons shall think, I am in the Government. The moral of write, and act the same. That is why our soldiers arouses the admiration of all. There is no excitement, but superb serenity of soul, conversation full of gaiety, and when one speaks of the enemy sometimes a gesture to indicate that the efforts of the enemy will break down against our front! (Loud cheers) And among the relatives of these young men, what self-sacrifice, what bearing Praise for this is due to former French Governments and to the French nation itself, (Cheers.) OD WARD
Addresses were delivered by Mr. John Dillon, M.P., and Mr. Janics O'Connor (the Irish Attorney-General) Mr. Dilken # paid an eloquent tribute to Mr. Redmond. He said that he was a great stateamen, great orator, and a great lender, and had the art of making himself not only respected by all who followed his lead, but also beloved. Time would do justice to his work and statesmanship, and all the misunderstood him, would come in time and the unselfishness of his work. One of to understand the greatness of his life the most remarkable achievements in the history of statesmanship had been evi- denced by the scene witnessed since Mr. Redmond died. Grens statesmen of rival Those were, however, liberties and parties, the heads of Empires and of privileges not of the people, but of the States, soldiers and civilians, men who German ruling caste, the descendants of three or four years ago were full of hatred the Knights and their retinue, who form for Treland, Irish aspirations, and Trish ed the class of the large landowners leaders, had vied with one another in declaring their faith in Mr. Redmond's and the upper middle class of the cities unselfish and benourable career in the It was, indeed, for the sake of preserving great struggle for his country's cause. their class privileges, threatened as they although it was not given to him to see were from below, that the Barons, the consummation of his life's work. it us they became known benceforth, threw was at least given to him to know that We must keep up this moral. We are themselves into the arms of Russia, where he himself, with big own right hand, had told that we must naxe pence as soon as they soon formed, owing to their superior struck down all the obstacles to Irish possible. I desire peace, and it would education and culture, the recruiting freedom across the water and to see the be criminal to have any other thought; ground for the highest officials and whole of England friendly to his country. but it is not by bellowing peace that wo Our method of advance 18 nearly we can silence Prussian militarism, generals in the State. The bulk of the There remained but one obstacle. Was it always the same. First comes the pioneer, (Loud cheers.) My motto is the same people were carefully excluded from all too much to hope that the grave which rights, were liberated from serfdom at they had closed just now might cry out the merchant, the adventurer into a everywhere. In domestic polities I wage the beginning of the 19th century with with an irresistiblo voice to his fellow strange country.
These men the old war. In foreign policy wng war. out land, and were throughout treated as countrymen to put into effect the Jesson boys, as Mr. Rhodes used to call them wage war! (Cheers.) I am endeavour- often followed whose passion or selling to keep the confidence of our Allies. pariahs. The Barons were the magis of his life to bury for ever the dissen 1 continue to trates and the administrators of the sions which had been the curse of Ireland, interest led to fault, but, unlike the Hussie has betrayed us Prussians they were not their Govern
war. Unhappy Roumania is com country, as well as its economic masters, and to consummate the work of Red ment and they were never cruel on a pelled to capitulate. I continue to wage and it was not until the beginnt mond's life by uniting all Irishmen to theory. Behind them, unwillingly enough war, and I shall continue until the last the nineties of last century that a work for the good of Ireland? came the Imperial Government, dragged quarter of an hour, for it is we by its growing chain of commitments and shail have the last quarter of in houssification policy set in whiện gradual-
THE BRITISH RECORD..
What of our own record in theee high matters i England has been so often necused of hypocrisy that, to avoid argu ment, it is better not to set the morni claim too high. Let it be said simply that we have a natural aptitude for governing and that what a man doog well he likes doing
interests, and, once it was in, the interests of the governed took first place,
England came into Egypt because of the vast sums of money her subjects had lent to Ismail. Mr. Gladstone's struggle in the early eighties to keep out of what his opponents crudely called a "bond-holder's War was a tragicomedy. Yet because he failed the desert was made to blossom as the rose, and Cromer and Kitchener gave to the enduring type which lives by The Nile the best government it had since the fall of Rome. We need not expect the fellabeen to have been in rap tutes over our occupation, but we bave earned from them a kind of solid, un enthusiastic gratitude.
RULING INDIA
ly undermined the privileged position (Load cheers, and eries from the Extremne of the German-Baltie aristocracy, with Left of Everyone thinks and desires out, however, helping much the oppres Fred Lotts and Esthorians. The latter, in the same. We agree")
Addressing the Socialists, M. Clemen consequence, have a hatred of the Barons ceau added: "I can understand that which is much more implacable than before the war some of you, being super that entertained towards Russia, and idealista, may have hoped for future during the revolution of 1905 the three universal disarmament, thinking that it would be followed on the other side of Baltic provinces saw terrible scenes of the Rhine. I was not among you, I can understand that you may have hoped, in the heroic disinterestedness of your ideal ist, for an example of contagion which has not occurred. The mistake would be to renew to day the attempt to which the he has been so cruelly given by facts A trial of this peace was made by Rus si It is your friends who attempted
Jaequeries
Esthonia has an area of 7,600 square miles, with an estimated population of zone half a million; Livonia, the largest of the three provinces, has an area of 17,500 square miles, with a population
DIPLOMATIC SECRET OF 1000.. The Earl of Denbigh related to mem bers of the Royal Colonial Institute, recently, an incident which, he said, had hitherto been a piece of diplomatic secret history. At Madeira, the Germans first valescent home; and, finally, desired to took an hotel; then they wanted a con establish certain concessions from For tugal. The German Ambassador carly in 1906 called on the Portuguese Govern ment and said that if the concessions asked for were not granted the Kaiser would send his navy up the Tagus to Lisbon, The Portugues Government night our Admiralty were on the point of mobilising the whole resources of the
of close upon 2,000,000; and Lourland sent a telegram to this country, and that
has an area of nearly 10,500 square miles,
it. Kerensky at that time desired war with a population of about 800,000. In British Fleet. They thought of another He disappeared, and Lenin and Trotsky regard to the character of the population way of meeting the situation, however, came to the German Headquarters to say the Eaths in Esthuria stand for 62, while and sent the Atlantic fleet close up to their enemies, We want to conclude the Germans stands for 5 per cent in against the Portuguese coast. They les
democratic peace.
Livonia the Letts and Esthe constitute the Kaiser know what had happened each 40 to 45 per cent of the population, through an undiplomatic source, with while the number of German does not the result that the next day the German exceed 7 per cent; and in Courland Ambassador had to call again on the Germans form about the same propor Portuguese Government and explain that tion, while 75 per cent are Letts. The he had exceeded his instructions. When remainder of the population in the three the Americans learns of that business, provinces is made up of fraginents of Lord Denbigh added, they expressed Finns, Russians, Jews, and Lithuanians, considerable disappointment at not being Owing to the policy of exclusion prac allowed to have a hand in it....
In India, the story goes further back, and is altogether on a vaster scale. The wealth which poured into us from the Indies in the days of John Company has vanished and fled like a tale that is told. Well, you know what this peace has Now some ask Mulvaney's question, "Cas become, and when you speak again of you tell me, sorr, whativer made us take war aims, ask the Germans what theirs and kape this melancholious country are. They need not point them out. The The answer, strangely enough, was sup: fact speaks loud enough Poland, plies by Lord Handolph Churchill as Livonia, and the Ukraine are under the Secretary of State for India:The jack-boot of the conqueror, and when we British rule in India is a thin sheet of oil expect from Russia a cry of patriotism spread over the surface of the waters and and a rush to resist the invader, there keeping chin and untroubled from storms is silence. Well, there the question is avast and profound ocean of humanity. put, and put by me If I institute pro This sentence would be no ignoble epitaph secutions, I said on the first day that for any nation, but we have no intention justice should take its course. 1ts of turning it into an epitaph yet that taking its courte, and we shall go on to
these German rapize may be defenceless millions on these the end of our task, which is not less difficult than that ofour soldiers."
bury
tised by the German rulers the bulk of the natives are engaged in agricultural and dairy farming, which constitute the chief industries of the provinces.
THE GREATNESS OF POLIAD.
Duke Olgerd, it extended already ever the present Volhynia right to the Black Sea and from the Bng to the Donetz, claiming possession of the greater part will stop us, nothing will make Lithuania had a less dramatic history of the Ukraine and, the Crimen. Even flinch.
afterwards adopted by
than the Baltic countries. The nucleus Moscow was at the time paying a tribute The Chamber co votes to 75 the order of the day proof it lies on the loset reaches of the to it. Olgerd's son, Jagello, however,
Niemen,
embracing the district of made a fatal step by allowing himself, in posed by General Pedoya, expressing con Prussing Könisberg on the west and the 1385, to be elected to the throne of dence in the Government and approving districts of Eussian Grodno, Kovno, Foland joining the two countries by a its declarations.
Dvinak on the south and east. It first emerges to the light of history as a State inhabited by an Indo-Germanic race
India has indeed been fortunate in her representatives at Downing-street, for the list includes, since 1874, Churchill, Salis
and Marley all men distinguished above the ruck of politicians. Lord Mor ley's recent memoirs on his secretaryship are a monument to the patient and minuto consideration given to the thoughts and interests of the Indian peoples
Contrasting Prussian and British methods, we can afford to say with pride, she mete out to an India and Egyet which about the twelfth century, when it Look now upon this picture and on had no strong man armed to keep the gradually begins to extend southwards, that I Germany has so treated house England stands in the gate of and reaches in the following century Hercrcs, Chinese, Belgians, Berbians, Asia and Africa not only for her own from the Baltic Sea in the north to Poles, Lithuanians, Hussians, and interests hut, as the trustee of the peoples Vitebsk and Smolensk in the south. In Armanns that her name is blackened for she governs and guards, and to the ruin ell time, what sort of treatment would of these peoples Germany shall never 1377, at the death of its ruler, Grand
(Continued at foot of next Column.) pass Dully Express, Wontinued at feet of next Column.)
personal union. The first fruit of the union was the great Polish Lithuanian victory over the Teutonic Knights at Tauptberg which raised Poland to the position of a powerful State The ultimate relt was the conclusion of the treaty of Dublin in 1489 by which the union was transformed into andexation pure and simple of Lithuania to
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