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THE SUCCESSFUL WORK BY THE
NAVY AND THE SHIPYARDS, INTERESTING STATEMENT BY THE FIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY,Z
GERMANY BUILDING FASTER
yours
sufficient rate to replace the submarine made a rovision of the stocks, both for except September, and September was the sinkings. The answer has been given in building and repairs, so that each de beat month. The net reduction in ton the negative, but, as I have already en partment has its own accommodation, ago in the last four months is to-day 30 deavoured to point out to the House, it and then, if one can help the other, wel per cent, leso than was anticipated in an is unsound and unreasonable to talk of adjust it that way. These ducks, now estimate prepared by me for the Cabinet any one factor and put it against the centrally controlled, have attained a re early in July The total net reduction
submarine losses, and make it a vital in- markable figure of user-90 per cent of ained the beginning of the war from all dication of our situation. Let me give their possible maximum. Our monthly, In the House of Commons last month, causes in British tonnago on the official some information upon the position of repairs of merchant ships is 1,100 com- Sir Eris Geddes made a long spooch on register, and applying it only to ships the merchant shipping construction and pleted, dry docks and afloat, and I am the subject of the Navy. He first described that are ocean-going, 1,600 tons and over the new nations) shipyards. Our pro- glad to say that there are practically no the constitution and organisation of the is two and a half million tons. That sent position in merchant shipping is an arrears of repairs. The uced for these Board of Admiralty, mentioning that to is the net reduction that is the tonnage.
interesting phenomenon of the war. If it repairs is, of course, by no means caused the Operations Committeeside of the Naval which we have lost not, and that is 14 shows how quickly our surplus resources by enemy action alone, but also by marins Staf
new section had been added con- per cent, of the ships on that register in are wasted, we can take courage in re- damage. In addition to merchant ship- sisting of younger officers (hear, hear) that class. Now that the submarine imembering that at the same time we had building and merchant ship repairing, wo with recent experience in the Grand for the present, at any rate-and I should grown strong where we were weak have the building and repairing of war Fleet, and under a flag officer who was like to lay emphasis on these word (Cheers.) Whon we had a well-grounded ships. It would not be wise, to give any leaving the Grand Fleet to take up the doing less damage, and the resources of confident that our sea-front was strongly details of warship construction, except position. It was hoped by these means the country are again being devoted to held when the nation took up the posi- to say that the programme of warships to add to the ripe and valuable experia far greater and increasing extent to tion to make itself strong three years and auxiliary ship constuction now in ence of those distin uished officers who the upbuilding of the mercantile marine, ago, and it became strong where it was band is infinitely larger than has even had served at the Admiralty for a con- I hops, and I look forward, to the net weak (chora)-some never thought it been undertaken in the pre-war history siderable period, the latest and up-to-date results being still more favourable
was possible in the early months of the of the country. I am sure, however, it knowledge of naval warfare in ite over- (Choers.)
war to help the great bost of our Allies will be a source of saitsfaction to the changing aspects to-day He proceeded:
in France and the other theatres of war, Hous to learn that during the last I now wish to deal with a question which.
but they are now equipped on a scale | twelve months the output of the Royal is of considerable public interest, namely, To summarise the submarine warfare is never dreamt of befors. (Chsers) This Navy and auxiliary vessola measured in the desirability or otherwise of publish- clearly as I can, therefore, I would put effort was achieved in part at the cost displacement was between three and four ing the tonnage of British merchant it thus: In spite of an increased num of our mercantile marine and also in times as much as the annual output for vessels lost as the result of enemy action. | ber of ships passing, through the danger part at the cost of our Navy. If we the two
the I may say that I personally approached zone, our defensive measures have during had continued during the war with our (Chears) preceding the war. this subject with the idea that, it was the past seven months proved so efficacious merchant shipbuilding or its pre-war level I would like in this connection to say, desirable and ought to be possible to give that there has been a steady and very we should to-day have been between that in a dockyard, as in every branch. figures to the public, because it seemed great reduction in the daringe done by 2,000,000 and 3,000,000 tons to the good, of war activity, women are bearing their hardly conceivable that the enemy did the enemy under water craft, Meantime but expenditure of offort in one direction part, and are being to a considerable and not know what he was sinking; but after we are sinking enemy submarines to an calls for restricttion in another, and wo an increasing extent employed with great the most careful review of the question- incrvusing extent. Our offensive measures were fortunate that we started well sup- satisfaction to the management. (Hear, and, as the House knows, it is one which are improving and becoming more effecplied (Cheers.) The House will recolhear) The growth of the Fleet has pub in constantly engaging the attention of tive, and will still more considerably leet that I have already stated that, even a considerable strain upon the resources the Cabinet--1 regret very much. indeed, improve and multiply. On the other so, we are less than 2,500,000 tons down of the Royal dockyards and of the out- to say that it has not been found pes hand on the best information before us, on the register of big ships. (Cheers.) side repairing establishments, which, sible to arrive at any form of publica- I believe that, the Germans are building May the country not justly take courage tion which would not at the same time submarines faster than they have hitherto from the fact that in 1917, with our convey most valuable information to the been able to do and that they have not mercantile and munitions effort at the enemy. which I am perfectly sure they yet attained their maximum strength, maximum, and with a fall upon our man. do not possess to-day. I can, however, (Hear, hear.) It appears to me, there- power which reduced our available re- give, as a supplementary to the recent | fore, that in this submarine warfare, as sources to a minimum, we have produced statement of the Frime Minister at the elsewhere, it is becoming a test of deter- naval and mercantile tonnage to an Albert Hall, certain information which mination, grit, and ingenuity between the extent almost equal to the best year ever I think would show the House and the two contending forces. For the present I recorded in cur history, and in 1818 it country that we are making reasonable | come to the conclusion that the submarine will certainly ho very much greater? and satisfactory progress in overcoming warfare is going well for us. The enemy (Cheers.) the menace of enemy submarine activity has done far legs damage than he hoped. The House will realise, however, that, As I have told the House, the net result great as the loss of mercantile tonnage is is better than we estimated four or five and the figure is still very formidable months ago. He has succeeded in doing one cannot at this stage of the war this decreasing amount of damage with take any, our item and deduce from it serious and heavy losses to himself. At that the war, or even any phase of the present we are justified in feeling that war, is going well or badly.
his attack on our trade is being held and The general situation in regard to the is being mastered, and we are justified determination, confident that he will fail following figures.
Cheers) There is one point that Since the beginning of the war-these would like to make which will, I think, are an entirely new set of figures which interest the House, It is this. We, of I think will be interesting to the House course analysed in every possible way between 40 and 50 per cent, of the submarine sinkings, and although we may German submarines commissioned and do, and are doing, a great deal by the operating in the North Ben, Atlantic, use of science by various kinds of Arctic Oceans have been sunk weapons and appliances, to defeat the (Chears Mr. Holt-Are those figures of sinkings almost the most potent protection against yards at least will be necessary, and in devote a portion of the output of guns to
throughout have given of their best in the maintenance of our forces, Three large and one sma'i new dockyards have been opened since the beginning of the war, and the increase of work done in all dockyards has brou most marked. Dur- ing one month the number of war vessels completed and repaired was nearly 1,000, that is in addition to the 1,100 merchant ships, and that was by no means an ab- normal month. Since the beginning of The position has changed, and we are the war 1,000 war vessple, including now expediting the output of merchant patrol boats and minesweepers, have been shipbuilding,(Cheers.) In order to
docked or slipped, and these figures do avoid any clashing between the fighting not include repair work done for the Navy and the supplies of merchant tot
vessels of our Allies, Arming of mer nage, the responsibility for the whole of chant vessels is proceding, and it is the shipbuilding programme, naval and hoped that before long all merchant hore, again, this House and the public miralty under the Controller. mercantile marine, is centred in the Ad-craft will be effectively armed. But
The Ad
will, 1 feal sure, wish to realise that we valuable assistance of many gentlemen of eminence and experience in the duties which they have undertaken, and his de described as a marine ministry of mani partment may, I think, not inaptly be tion (Cheers.)
submarine may be demonstrated with the in looking to the future with courage and miralty Controller has obtained the very canot judge one item by itself. We can
you are sure of?
Sir E. Geddes As sure as one can be of anything. During the last quarter the enemy have lost as many submarines as they lost during the whole of last year, 1916
Mr. Houston-Can the right hon. gen- tleman give us any information as to the number of submarines the Germans are sending out per week? (Cries of "No, tale per la
no.'') -
submarine, there is one thing which is submarines that exists. It is not an ap- pliance; it is a gift that God has given to men on the ships. It is their eyesight. Cheers.) It is the good look-out that is kept. I will give figures to the House which I think will interest it, and will tell those outside bow they can help the Navy against the submarine. A good look-out kept by an experienced man covering a great many attacks by sub marines has given us the following facts IP a submarine is sighted by the look out on a vessel whether the vessel is armed or not makes no difference-taking it all over it is oven in three on the of every seven to ships in ten attacks when the submarine is sighted by the chip seven of them fail, but of
Sir L. Geddes--As to the sinkings of British merchant tonnage by submarines, the German oficial figures for August are 808,000 tons. Those are given out officially by the German Wireless Press and the figures represent all nationalities. The German figures are usually given for all every ten attacks when the submarine is nationalities, and then they turn from not sighted eight ships go down. (Hear,
ANSA
A SPECIAL PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT.
only judge with a knowledge of all the factors of the case. Our available re-
af merchant ships and patrol craft could sources in all directions do not meet all demands made upon them. The arming
have been completed cartier had tliere not been so great a demand for anti-aircraft heavier had it not been necessary to guns. The armament could have been
other purposes,
We have decided that four new national this we are following the precedent 80 successfully applied and so courageously Carried through, in the ease of the
TOLE OF THE NAVY. Ministry of Munitions, more than two
Alter explaining the attack on the years ago in the national factories. Scandinavian convoy and showing tho (Cheers). About steel, all I can say is impracticability of sending a Fleet into that extensions are being made to the the Baltic to assist the Russians, Sir Eric existing plant, and that wo are en- said will now proceed as far as poss couraged by the responsible department sible, and as far as time may permit, to a to believe that steel will be forthcoming broad, general statement of the réle, and for the programme required. We are not activities of the Navy. The question is today making the great demands for the often asked whether the Admiralty is not introduction of unskilled labour which contenting itself with a concentration ca will be necessary, but when the supply of the defensive role, instead of adopting tarning, to the shipbuilding yards, 1 do takes two sides to make a battle, and the steel turns, as it will turn and is now bold, offensive measures Of not doubt that the skilled workers will problem of coaxing an unwilling enemy respond to the call for the absorption and to come out into the open and fight has What was true in the great naval education of unskilled men in the same way that workers in munition works and
of the past is still more true under rest fully assured that Parliament and
powerful shore
artillery
confronted the stronger "navul
and
that to ask how the British Mercantile hear.) It is soven to three on the abip if in the Army have responded. They may modern conditions. Mine, submari Marine can stand this. They actually the sabmarine is sighted and four to one the country, will not permit any exploita. contributed to make the task of the offen. Bank very little more than a third of that against if it is not, WA PESA Ction of the concessions they may under sivo extremely difficult. The role of the
patriotic impulse make exploitation cal culated to lower bereafter the standard of comfort which they have won for their wives, their children, and themselves, Without a united effort we cannot hope to succeed, but with unity and goodwill We need have no fear of the result, and I have confidence based upon our Allied armies 13,000,000
unity and goodwill will be forthcoming as and when required.
British Navy to day is, as it must be both offensive and defensive. We defend our trade routes, and the figures which have recently been given by the Prime Minister, but which I venture to give again, show what the Navy has done. Navy has transported noross the son to men, 2,000,000 horses
25,000,000 tons of explosives, 130,000,000 tons of men who have.
Many members of the House will know amount of British tonnage, and a little more than half of all nationalities for themselves what the German position (Cheers.) For September their officialis, but it is perhaps interesting to give figures are 672,000 tons that is they have that figure here. At the outbreak of war gone down from 808,000 to 172,000, and Gomany had about 5,000,000 tons of will tell the House later on how they or shipping. Today, nearly half of it is plain it. They sank for less than a third sunk or in the hands of our Allics and of that amount of British tonnage, and of ourselves. (Cheers.) less than half that amount of all We have got a 14 per cent. reduction. national record in this war, that this000 tons of fuel, nationalitica The Germans claim-and. this is how they account for a decrease in their mythical sinkings that our tog. nage is falling so low that there are not enough ships at sea to enable their sub- marine commander, to maintain their bag. They say the game is getting very scarce. (Laugater.) That is the explana, tion given by both semi-oficial organs, the Cologne Gazette and the Frankfort Gazette on the same day, October 23rd, so obviously it was communicated to them I would like to give the House the facts on that
In April last, which was absolutely the heaviest month of sinkings--they were very bad that month-by the enemy sub-
It is well, however, that the British public should be told what they are up against, and this, I think, I can do in a few ren- tences. We must not consider ourselves alone. We must consider the alliance as a whole (Hoar, hear,) We must not be optimistic, and say we can do all we like because submarine warfare is for the pre- sent at any rate going well with us.
of the last year, and is very considerably higher than in the corresponding period higher than the total output for the whole of 1915, (Cheers.)
STANDARD SHIPS.
Of the 13,000 the scaly only 2,700 and re-crossed
ding
upon
but
sail-
position and I lay stress upon these The Navy has also maintained without We believe, as far as we can foresee the have bean Tost by the action of the enemy. words that it will be possible to allot serious interruption, and with the co- steel in the forthcoming year to an extent operation and inestimable gallantry of which will enable us to utilise more the mercantile capacity than exists even with the ex-
borne
mercantile marine (cheers)--the sea. tension to the existing yards, and the new these islands but of hires not only
munition
ition supplies of I think the country Bus accepted the yards are boing built now so that they figures have already given of position that we must lay our plans for may be ready some six months hence
the reduc of losses against submarine attack a long war. I see no sign of it being when the steal is available. Did we do and
of the destruction of enemy sub- short one, and all by their economy otherwise we would be too late, and we marines speak for themselves ᎡᎦ . to the navies of our Allies to defeat the sub- The output of merchant tonnage for the and I cui confidently tell the House
lot too late be our motto, hab marinos, (Cheers) fret nine months of 1817 is 120 per cent ment and output of anti-submarine appli-
we are doing more to-day in the develop marines since the war began, we must danger zone, the less are her risks of being
months ago, and, indeed, more than wo The fewer times a ship goes through the
ances of all kinds than we were doing sir assume, because it was their best months sent to the bottom Every British citizen
estimated that we could do. The decrease that our trade flowed in satisfactory in his home, every worker in the ship volume for their submarines, bey had yards, and every worker in the marine
in losses from onery submarines, as is no complaint in that month. They are engineering works has it in his power to
common knowledge, has been brought very well; they got a good bag. In Sep help to defeat the submarine menace, and
the Standard vessels unve now been ordered about partly by offerisive measures against tember last, which was the month they
submarine, which are explain away as unsatisfactory becauso to help to strengthen and sustain our representing very nearly 1,000,000 tons ing results, and largely the defa
Allies. (Cheers) It is only by the com of shipping. More than half of those measures, causing & great there is not enough tonnage to sink, the fort for the workers, that the submarine are already under construction, and the which are giving at present considerable
strain overseas sailings of all ships 1,600 tons
the light forces of the Royal Navy, and over were 20 per cent in numbers will be finally defeated. Further, there remainder wil be taken in hand as goon
the published figures of and 30 per cent, in tonnage higher than Breat and ever greater calls upon the as vessels now on the stocks have been
shipping of the world. The huge
and
the area of the danger zones are in April: (Cheers) So he has to find that our Ally, the United Stage armies launched. A limited number of stand considered, the House will appreciate, to another and better explanation for his
some extent the magnitude of the strain Iack of success. I can supply that paring-(cheers) have to be transported ion, but the whole of the yard for spare and task imposed. In: Beptember 20 per Russian, and other Allies require sea work, because the stocks are already of Atlantic trades were convoyed, and sirice. and maintained, and our French, Italian, ships cannot be entirely devoted to this cent of the total vessels sailing in all borne help, and that help can only be cupied with other craft, but merchant the convoy system started and it has given to the full extent which this coun shipbuilding must not be considered been criticised in some quarters the total would wish it the nation is prepared apart from merchant ship repairing. The percentage of locs per convoyed vessel strictly and rigorously to curtail its same mon, the same material, are re passed through the danger zone is .6 nocds and precerve and develop its home quired for repairing ships as for building particularly referring to the convoys in per or 1 in 200 (Cheera) I have been resource and maintain its present and ships, and if we have a run of badly potential, maritime strength (Cheers.) damaged ships brought into port and the Atlantic tra
KEROHANT SHIPPING CONSTRUCTION damaged ships are continually improv and
our arrangements for salving badly and military and munitions traffic, how- Apart from the convoy of our trades KEROHANT SHIPPI
big-it word be, I think, obviously false ever. I have sought for some clear way sporomy to devote one rogources to of demonstrating to the House, and building & ship which might be available through the House to in five, six, ou eintich might bearable the role of the Navy is in other Ways an You must save tonnage. While trying by devoting men and material to damaged knows, la based, and remains behind offersive one. The enemy, as the Houss to give both sides, I am convinced that at vessels, we can have that tonnage afloat
which Heligo no period of this war has it been more a in a matter of weeks or months or so powerful land defences, v test of the courage, determination, and There are to-day 935 dry docks of con land is merely an outpost. I will give ve fact to show how the one comparave endurance of the people of this island. A | sidorable size in the British Isles which Grand Fleet
at differs in its role from the question has often been naked, not only can be devoted to merchant ship re defensive part played by the High Seas in this House but outside, as to whether paira. I exclude dry docks belonging to Fleet I disclose no secret or it is we are building merchant tonnago at a the Royal Navy We have throngbout spores. I'disclose a fact which I should
The reason is that the long arm of the British Navy has reached down into the deptas, and the harrest reaped by the submarines is poorer and the num ber of German submarines that do not retarn is increasing. ^^
(Cheers) A STEADY DECREASE
Since April, the "peak" month for Brine losses, the higher month we have ever had, they have steadily decreased and latterly very markedly decreased. If Bax been an absolutely steady curve down to September (Hess, bear September was a most satisfactory month, the best we have had since we began the intensive submarine warfare; and, though not quite so good in October, slill October is very slightly worse than September, and is for better than any other month since the unrestricted submarine warfare be gap. I am not juggling with the figures, and I mean far better. (Hear, hear.) I;
I am saying this because one has so often heard the charge made that one speaker is optimistic and says everything going well, and another sealer sang
trado
o the