GERMAN GAS-ATTACKS. COMPOSITION OF THE GASES
FREQUENTLY CHANGED,
TEH HONGKONG DAILY PRESS. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29rm, 1917.
GEN. ALEXEIEFF'S RESIGNA-
TION.
DUE TO LACK OF CONFIDENCE
AND OPTIMISM.
RUSSIA CONVALESCÊNT. AFTER MOST RADICAL REVOLU
TION IN HISTORY,
(BY M. VANDERVELDE, RELGIAN MINISTER OF STATE AND BOCIALIST LEADER.)
PETROGRAD.
TURKISH TYRANNY.
TREATMENT OF SUBJECT RACES)
IN BAGHDAD.
[BY SOMOND CANDLER] More than shells, torpedoes, of hidden wipers, the soldiers in the French and
When General Alexieff was removed.
Apart from the garrison, the Turks British trenches dread the German gas-
The latest and most deadly from the Russian Chief Command kie
wore a very inconsiderable part of the attacks.
At the moment of my departure from population of Baghdad, and all the sub variety the composition of the gases is retirement was explained by his lack of often changed in the search for a more confidence and optimion (says the Daily
killing mixture has no odour and Telegraph's Petrograd correspondent). Hussia I should like to sum up my inject races, including the Arabs and scanduly any colour. Its victims are not Subsequently it became known that the pressions. Ronan used to say apropios Jowa, have been blod white during the aware that they are breathing it until a real causo was one-of-bia speeches, which the French Revolution: Let us last two years.', If all the gold had gone į ki
was interpreted as a "counter-revolu.. sweet taste is noticed in the month, and this warning is usually too late. Those tionery" manifestation.
Apparently, careful not to apply our little, reason in the trenches, or close behind, who have the speech in question was that made onable, bourgeois programmes to events of filled their lungs with the gas have drop May 20th at Ateadquarters, before a con- such amplitude" The same must be said ped dead. Sterling Heilig, in the Newference of officers from all the armies Orleans Times-Picagune tells of this new
and both the fleets. Only a brief extract now of the Russian Revolution. sort of vapour, called rotten egg" gab, from it reached us at the time by tole that bas killed or disabled thousands.
In a single day the Government of an
A young lieutenant was riding toward graph. and it made no allusion to the Empire of 180 million souls; which had
Hia
the front in a closed automobile.
outside, suddenly chauffeur, who was turned and with a grimace held his nose The lieutenant made the man stop and
And then- put on his gay-mask.
Half a mile on they found two soldiers, without masks, unconscious in the road. They dragged them into the closed auto-
and continued.
remarks which seem to have given um brage in Petrograd The full text is, however, contained in Russian papers which have arrived in this country, and some passages from it will doubtless found interesting.
General Alexeieff said: "I wish to say a few words to you. They will not have.
jealously destroyed all local autonomies, has crashed down, dragging with it in its fall the Duma, which was but a body of privileged meti, a
mere shadow of a
national representation,
The no-Russian peoples are pro-
into the Treasury instead of into the pockets of officials, the harvest would have provided the Tork with very considerable sinews of war.
Those who are familiar with. Ottoman ways will know the kind of thing that went on. When, for instance, wool was commandeered for the Army Clothing Department, the rich Armenian would be told that his stuff was dirty and not worth four piastres the kilo; at the same time it would be discovered that the stock of the influential Moslem was no good as all. I very much regret, Effendi,
that your material is worthless for our purpose. We cannot take wool in a con dition like this.” And as a moke-weight this subtle functionary would confiscate. the entire stock of a small Arab merchant on the preters of incorrect declaration or failure to declare.. Later, when things went ill for the Turk, all pretexts were were officially forgotten; the bazaars looted.
What was, is no longer, and what is to Around a bend a triumphant ring, but they will be open, is not yet.. The wretched state of the moblie me on two officers and a chauffeur and sincere, and will denote the feares, the disorder in the food supply, without masks (it was two miles behind the which are in the heart of your Com. the chaotic condition of transport, the the purchasing ‘officer would exclaim,
In the appeals and systematic disorganisation of the army which were causes of the Revolution: all front), dazed and incapable. They packed mander-in-Chief. two into the closed automobile, with the orders printed in the Prus we often meet these now appear in the light of day. The country is in The grip of steel that hitherto gave a soldiers and a cylinder of compressed air the brief phrase. bizzling, while Gmasked the chauffeur danger. We are too much accustomed to semblance of cohesion to the Russian and held him on the front seat. As they it, and do not penetrate into its terrible State has been broken apart, and indivi. rushed out of the zone they met four meaning. But, gentlemen, unhappily, duals and groups are acting on their owni others, whom they simply could not take that is the dread truth. Russia is really impulses. It was a dull, damp day, with a faint perishing. She is standing on the brink wind from the
deadly favour Germany,
of a precipice. A few more pushes for able to the rotten egg gas (then now) ward, and she will fall to the bottom even at four miles distance, where it with all her weight. The enemy has held together like chunks of gray-yellow cupied the eighth part of her territory fog, almost invisible in the damp haze.
He is not to be bought off by the Utopian All depends on the dilution of it in the phrase, Peace, without annexations and atmosphere. Those who got full lunga without contributions. He says openly, of it; in the trenches or close behind, fell Both with annexations and with contri. dead. Those who caught it, well diluted,butions. He says openly that he will not four or five or seven miles from its emis leave our territory. He stretches out his (when the chance of winds held it greedy pay to places where, so far, not aficiently together) went sick, with any single enemy soldier has been. Ho thing from temporary anemia to wasting clutches at the riches of Volhynia and
But those who breathed the stuff in thicker whiffs, two, three, or four Podolis; and at the entire right bank most of the Daieper. And what of us, the miles behind the trenches, were
Russian Army? Shall we not fling the mysteriously affected.
enemy out of our country? Then we could leave our diplomatists to make peace with inexations or without annexations, But let us be frank. The martial spirit of the Russian Army has deelined. It stands in fatal impotence before the enemy. In stead of neting it toys with the idea of poace, instead of martial traditions, it has begun to listen to the base instinct of self-preservation. And in the interior where is that strong authority for which the whale country is pining, where is that powerful authority which should erumpel every citizen to pay his tribute to our dear Ind! They tell us that it will come.
Wearnces.
recover
Brought to near-by hospitals partially unconscious, they seemed to rapidly. Lying Bat in their cots, they sipped nourishment and passed the night comfortably. In the morning, 01 they declared themselves awakening Tent I'm all right."
they cured.
The would say, and slip out of bed. moment they were on their fort, they The swayed, staggered, and fell dead. sudden acceleration of heart action in a standing position made the signal for this inhibition or bland-clotting or what
"over.
Mellion, astards Army Dr. A. E. mountaineer of the Alpine Chassenes, thoroughly experienced in gases and air cures, and who has helped to save the lives of hundreds of victims, was himself twice overcome by the gas and narrowly escaped death. The doctor is well-known to many Americans,
His family is wealthy and owns a string of hotels
He tells the story of his experience the writer of the Times Picayune:
One I was superintending a mers littly building of saud-bags in a дагу trich-entrance. Someone had to do it.
But so far it is not.
Finally the peasants too, in their turn, are stirring, and in certain districts are showing a disinclination to await there union of the Constituent Assembly before lanel, exercising their rigats to recover the
The
claiming their independence; the indus trial workers are claiming control over the factors the soldiers are professing A mach simpler method of extortion submission to no other discipline than was the compulsory, exchange of gold for that of their committees, granting them notes. By this system nearly all the selves holidays without leave to go and available cash of the Arabs, Jews, and see what is going on in their villages, Christians in the city passed into the imprisoning officers with whom they are hands of the Turks. When debts were
and, пот content with discontented, having their delegates in the Provisional paid in paper currency a profit of from 60 to 75 per cent, accrued. And when Government, exercising on the latter there was no opportunity for a transac through the intermediary of their Countion the officials summoned the Jews to. cils of Workmen and Soldiers' Delegates, their houses at night; they came with
gold and went away with paper, a control over every step.
most dreadful penalties were hold out against those who would not accept Government paper on its face value. În the meanwhile notes fell to a third, and oven a quarter, of their accredited value; and orders kept coming through from Constantinople that, as the depreciation of Government paper, was
greater in Baghdad than elsewhere in the Empire, immediate steps must be taken to revive eredit. The officials were frightened and voxed, and the weight of their displeasure felt chiefly on the Jews. There had bern actual trafficking in notes. had been selling them at a discount in- stead of at their face value. This was viewed officially in the light of a studied conspiracy to depreciate Turkish credit. A proclamation was issued that all trade transactions and purchases must be made in paper money.
In short, full anarchy is upon Russia, and it is not surprising that it should be so on the morrow of a Revolution which is the most thoroughgoing that has ever happened.
ANARCHY WITHOUT CONSEQUENCES.
But what does astonish us Westerners is that this anarchy, this eclipse of aathority, has not at all the consequences thut it would inevitably have in France or England or Belgiam.
от
Merchants
"Where, gentlemen, is love for our Petrograd had no longer any police or Up to the last few days, for example, country? Where patriotista and enthu gendarmery or public force of any kind; sinem? We have written the great word, nothing but a militia of volunteere,
Brotherhood. But we have not written thinly distributed and powerless. Were The result was a financial panic. Shops it in our hearts and minds, Class dia- such a state of affairs to exist in London were shut; there was no market; you Bension rages among us, Whole classes, or Paris or Brussels in the midst of a could not buy meat of bread in the who have honourably fulfilled their duty period of revolutionary tension, fright-bazaar. To keep his household alive the to the country, have been taken under ful things would be certain to happen. Baghdadi bad to slink about and make suspicion. And in this way a deep gulf;
Here there
is no such consequence save surreptitious purchases in cash after has been opened between the two parts of for a few expropriations" and a few dark. Another preclamation was issucit. the Russian army, the officers and the individual misdeeds. Lenin and his Merchants were to open their shopa. Suddenly a squall of shells tell all around soldiers. We are concerned, in the main, friends make themselves at home in the Those who did business secretly, or hid
There is palace of a ballet-dancer; anarchists try with the noise of a failure-plump like corn, but the army has not enough to to lay and pen the typograficul us. One burst in the pile of sand-bags, each with his own interests.
The material of a Conservative journal. But that I thought it just fallen and refused eat and our horses are starving.
amidst a general calm which is perfect, "I am sufe. explode. I said:
Where the fresh impulse of a does not burst !" And I foolishly stayed tion a few moments till the squall was over. nation that has attained the great bless-without ever the confict of opinion giving on; innumerable meetings are held Then I began to cough terribly. It was ings of mankind? And at such a moment probably a shower of new gas-shells with the first conference of officers of the rise to interruptions by violence or
troubles or disorders. Just enough explosive power to spread Russian Army has assembled. the gas and mixed with high-explosive to disguise them.
Blances.
I
It new era has come. But where.is inspira absolute, almost disconcerting, social 16) trafficking with notes were summoned
There
or refused to sell their goods, would be deported and their property confiscated.
The Jews who had been guilty of
Police at night. They were confined by secretly to the Court of the Profect of day, and taken out after dark and tor- tured. Finally they were murdered and thrown into the Tigris. Or that is the story in Baghdad, and everybody believes it, The 19 Jews have never been seen alive since, though the bodies of fire of them, one headless, have been restored by the Tigris. Haron Healem, Abdullah Imac Mesafy, and Ibrahim Dabool were identified on March 7th, Shelemo Sion few weeks afterwards. The two legs of Haron
From the point of view of tolerance and could not be a more suitable moment for courtesy we would have much to learn the introduction of unity into the Army from Russian gatherings The most coughed for four hours, always worse with the object of discovering how we can absolute freedom of the platforu exists and then the coughing stopped, and inspire our hearts with enthusiasm, for at them, not merely as a right, but in began to suffocate. The suffocations, without enthusiasm there will be no fact fever, and crazy headache continued and victory, without victory no salvation, no Similarly in the factories every man continued. Oxygen? Yes. Remedy
Russia. That is really why I welcome works as his own head directs him. The vapours? Certainly. And, especially
voice. Tho discipline bypodermic injections of certain sub- you to your great and difficult labour. foremen have no
It is there that lies the vast and alluring of authority is absolutely non-existent. and Issac Messim Mino a was congratulating myself that 1 had no flow of blood from the problem awaiting your solution-in the and it is true that at this does not work! Mealem had been cauterized, apparently fungs, when hemorrhages of the in- re-establishment of discipline, in the out well. Production has gone down by hot iron, just above the ankle.
The leaders of industry Times. testines began. During the first month welding together in one whole all that considerably. in hospital I had five or six crises of sul constitutes the Russian Army, in the find it impossible to face the formidable focation
day, of, say, half an hour closing of the gulf between officers and demands for increases of wages, though per each A bad business.
soldiers, first by bridges, and then by the other hand these are to be explain. Of another caperieace--both were on Alling it in altogether. It is not so long and the fantastic increase in the cost of ago everyone is agreed in recognising that ed by the depreciation of paper money Happily, since our arrival six weeks the Somme-Dr. Mellion said there were ago--it seems but yesterday-that officers
living. many shells exploding, but he had so and soldiers marched amicably to beat the
Yet if all this does not work well, except in industrial affairs, where the much to do that he did pay sufficient ut enemy in friendship and harmony sacri- nevertheless it does work, and there irisis still remains gravo, the situation is tention to the danger. He adds:--- ficing everything, even that which was good reason to believe that once the first
improving in the following directions:-- We wear the mask continually, but most dear to them, for the welfare of the intoxication of the Revolution is over. when you have delicate work to do on a country. And I believe that the majority it will work better. saffering man you have got to see clear of the conference seen in that its task. and have the finesse of your hands. You Our ideal is to fuse into ono harmonius
lift
enys:
CONDITION OF THE ARMY.
your mask a little and breatho what family. Warm your work with love for As for the army it is particularly in ever air thero is.
In this case the doctor pushed up his your country, with a cordial disposition such a condition that the relaxation of mask at a time when the enemy was throw to the soldier. Banish these dissensions discipline and the thorough going sup ing gas-shells mixed with the others. He which have been artificially sown in our pression of all the restraints by which family. Work, exert yourselves, and may obedience was maintained in the Tsar's That time it was not much more than there be ever in your thoughts and before armies seem as if they must end in a com bronchitis and enteritis; and I had a your eyes the words of fire, Russia is plete dissolution.
Now we have just passed a fortnight at strong constitution, so it disappeared perishing.'”
the front. We have visited three armies, rapidly, with a few injections of of the General Alexeieff's farewell order to and we are in a position to affirm that in remedy. (I could not ask him to disclose the army was as follows: For nearly these armies where the officers have no the nature of the remedy." All will be three years I have trod with you the longer any right to punish, where dis told after the war. At present, even the thorny path of the Russian Army, watch ciplinary measures can be taken only by medical journals are not always accurate ed with radiant delight your great --for reason),
a committee consisting of the company achievements, and suffered in spirit commander and three soldiers, whore The soldiers, Dr. Mellion says, were during the hard days of our failures. generals have no other power than that formerly careless about gas, but now they But there was ever with me a firm faith which comes from their personal prestige have standard masks, furnished by the Army, which are frequently inspected and in the dispensation of God, the destiny-indiscipline at least in the zone of kept in condition. Of the remedy which of the Russian soldiers. And now, when less great than one might expect from, of the Russian people, and the gallantry operatious, not in the depots, is much is now used, and of which the doctor may the foundations of our military power such paradoxical conditions.
speak in detail, the Times-Picayune
have been shaken, I still keep the came correspondent says:
Now these are facts, and they do the They seem to be great bags full of medi- - fuith, Without this, life would not be greatest honour to the Russian people. jeated air laughing-gas or what you worth living. A deep bow to you, my Perhaps it may not have been the same, please. Suspended fram rescuers' should. | fellows in the fight. To all who have for one thinks, for example, of the vol ers, they have several rubber tube mouth honourably done their duty, to all whose ences and disorders of 1905, had not the pieces for victima to suck on while being hearts beat with love for their country: Revolution, however, has been a Revolu- rodka been suppressed. The present fed or dragged out.
to all who in these days of national tion without alcohol. The inborn sweet- In Reims, Chalons, and other cities, confusion are still determined not to miles behind the trenches, the school abandon the soil of our Motherland to have done the rest.
ness and social virtues of the populations children were obliged to carry gas-masks laceration, a deep bow from an old soldier It goes, moreover, without saying that in their pockets or satchels. The writer and your former Commander-in-Chief. though the spontaneous anarchy of the Bays!
This simple fact shows the danger of
Bear me no grudges."
first period has not had fatal conse gas-shells to a vast
quences, the existing state of things can arca of civilian
Got go on without compromising the very population miles and miles behind the front, from the Atlantic to Belfort. How babies?
existence of the new régime and without can giving chances either to a military dicta
(Continued at foot of nest enlumn.)
mot
or
Rig long-distance rans
many miles deep is this danger zone to throw these poison-abels eicht miles, torship or some other form of reaction. farmers, villagers, townsmen, and school twelve miles, fifteen miles, without pro-
(Continued at foot of next column.)
hibitive expense and they do is 1
1. The authority of the Provisional Government is strengthening. All that
is required is to hold in the reaction- aries, who are laying pitfalls, and the extremists, who, by their violences, ara in a fair way to playing the game of the reactionaries.
3--The Congress of the Workers and Soldiers of all Russia, now being held, is manifesting a national feeling, which such incidents, as, for example, the expulsion of Herr Grioup have brought out clearly. At the very moment that I am writing, the Congress has just taken up a clearly defined attitude against Lenin and his followers.
3. The police service of maintaining order in the city of Petrograd is assured by the troops of the garrison. You no longer see, as you did a fortnight ngo, thousands of soldiers in disorder and The wandering through the streets. extremists having anaounced a mani: festation, the Government on the one hand and the Council of Delegates on the other have just had posters placard- ed prohibiting street demonstrations for three days, sud announcing that any infringement of this prohibition will bo repressed by force.
4As for the Russian armies, we have come back from the front with an in pression of comfort and of confidence. At the time of our visit to the Stavka, General Brussiloff, who was taking possession that very day of the supreme "The Russian command, said to us, army, has just gone through an illness. It is now in full convalescence."?
After having been in touch with the soldiers for a fortnight we have the firm confidence that events will soon show that be was right.
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